Synthesis of carboxymethyl starch grafted polyvinyl imidazole (CMS-g-PVIs) and their role as an absorbent for the removal of phenol

Fazal Haq,Haojie Yu,Li Wang,Lisong Teng,Sahid Mehmood,Muhammad Haroon,Bilal-Ul-Amin,Shah Fahad,Md Alim Uddin,Di Shen 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.5

Cigarette industry plays an important role in the economy of the advanced countries. But the cigarette smoke contains toxic chemicals such as phenol which causes various kind of diseases and affect human life. In this paper, we synthesized carboxymethyl starch grafted poly vinyl imidazole (CMS-g-PVIs) by reacting carboxymehtyl starch (CMS) with vinyl imidazole (VI). The structures of the CMS-g-PVIs were investigated by 1H NMR and FT-IR. The crystalline properties of the CMS and CMS-g-PVIs were checked by XRD. The thermal properties of the original CMS and CMS-g-PVIs were investigated by TGA analysis. It was found that the modified starches had high thermal stability due to aromatic imidazole ring. The modified starches also showed more rough and distorted morphology as compared to native CMS. The CMS-g-PVIs were subjected for phenol adsorption and showed adsorption efficiencies of 0.170 g/g, 0.190 g/g, 0.192 g/g and 0.199 g/g for CMS, CMS-g-PVI 1, CMS-g-PVI 2 and CMS-g-PVI 3, respectively. Due to higher grafting ratio, CMS-g-PVI 3 showed good adsorption efficiency of 0.199 g/g for phenol. The obtained results showed that the grafting of vinyl imidazole on CMS can increase the adsorption efficiency of native CMS towards phenol.

Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Magnetized Bioconvective Williamson Nanofluid with Variable Thermal Conductivity

Fazal Haq,Muzher Saleem,Essam Roshdy El-Zahar,Soumaya Gouadria,M. Ijaz Khan 한국자기학회 2021 Journal of Magnetics Vol.26 No.4

In this article modeling and theoretical analysis of magnetized Williamson nanomaterial flow by permeable surface of cylinder is studied. The idea of self-propelled gyrotactic microorganisms is implemented to stabilize the suspended nanoparticles in Williamson liquid. Darcy-Forchheimer together with porosity effects are accounted in the flow. Energy relation is modeled in view of thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity and Joule heating. Activation energy linked with chemical reaction is executed at the surface. Furthermore, Brownian dispersion and thermophoresis effects are also considered. Flow governing dimensional model is acquired using boundary layer suppositions. Suitable transformations are used to alter the system of PDE’s into non-dimensional. NDSolve code in Mathematica package is utilized to solve the model. Impacts of various flow regulating variables on velocity, temperature, mass concentration and motile density are investigated by plotting. Coefficient of skin friction, Sherwood number, motile density number and heat transfer rate are tabulated and analyzed. It is observed that velocity field decays while temperature field enhances versus rising dimensionless magnetic parameter. Moreover, due to magnetic field more Lorentz force is applied to the flow as a result surface drag force enhances while heat transfer rate decays.

Correction: The epoxy resin system: function and role of curing agents

Aziz Tariq,Haq Fazal,Farid Arshad,Chengliang Xiao,Chuah Lai Fatt,Bokhari Awais,Mubashir Muhammad,Tang Doris Ying Ying,Show Pau Loke 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.3

Curing agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas.

The epoxy resin system: function and role of curing agents

Aziz Tariq,Haq Fazal,Farid Arshad,Cheng Li,Chuah Lai Fatt,Bokhari Awais,Mubashir Muhammad,Tang Doris Ying Ying,Show Pau Loke 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.1

Curing agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas. Similar content being viewed by others Curing agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas. Similar content being viewed by others

COLLOCATION METHOD USING QUARTIC B-SPLINE FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE MODIFIED EQUAL WIDTH WAVE EQUATION

Siraj-ul-Islam,Fazal-i-Haq,Ikram A. Tirmizi 한국전산응용수학회 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.3

A Numerical scheme based on collocationmethod using quartic B-spline functions is designed for the numerical solution of one-dimensional modified equal width wave (MEW) wave equation. Using Von-Neumann approach the scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable. Performance of the method is validated through test problems including single wave,interaction of two waves and use of Maxwellian initial condition. Using error norms L2 and L1 and conservative properties of mass, momentum and energy, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested method is established through comparison with the existing numerical techniques.

COLLOCATION METHOD USING QUARTIC B-SPLINE FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE MODIFIED EQUAL WIDTH WAVE EQUATION

Islam, Siraj-Ul,Haq, Fazal-I,Tirmizi, Ikram A. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.3

A Numerical scheme based on collocation method using quartic B-spline functions is designed for the numerical solution of one-dimensional modified equal width wave (MEW) wave equation. Using Von-Neumann approach the scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable. Performance of the method is validated through test problems including single wave, interaction of two waves and use of Maxwellian initial condition. Using error norms $L_2$ and $L_{\infty}$ and conservative properties of mass, momentum and energy, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested method is established through comparison with the existing numerical techniques.

Modeling and Analysis of Magnetized Nanomaterial Williamson Towards a Variable Thicked Surface Subject to Joule Heating and Activation Energy

Wei-Miao Qian,Fazal Haq,M. Ijaz Khan,Sohail A. Khan,Shahid Farooq 한국자기학회 2021 Journal of Magnetics Vol.26 No.2

Cross-Linked Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-phloretin) Microspheres and Their Application for Controlled Drug Delivery

Sahid Mehmood,Haojie Yu,Li Wang,Md Alim Uddin,Bilal Ul Amin,Fazal Haq,Shah Fahad,Muhammad Haroon 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.9

In this work, cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-phloretin) (PCTPPT) microspheres were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In FT-IR spectra, the new appeared bands at 1009 cm-1 and 1132 cm-1 confirmed the successful polymerization between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and phloretin (Pht). While the SEM results showed that the size of the microspheres was strongly dependent on the HCCP:Pht mole ratio. The crystalline nature of the PCTPPT microspheres was checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and provided evidence for the successful preparation of the microspheres. The thermal stability of the PCTPPT microspheres was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained TGA results showed that the increase in thermal stability was attributed to the highly cross-linked covalently bonded structure of PCTPPT microspheres. The particle size distribution was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the results showed that the decreased HCCP:Pht mole ratio increases the size of the microspheres. The PCTPPT-3 microspheres were used as drug carriers for a model drug camptothecin (CPT). The experimental findings showed a cumulative release of 41.0% in pH 4.0 and 32.6% in pH 7.4 after 350 h and the PCTPPT-3/CPT microspheres have good drug loading capability and controlled release property for CPT.

Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of MATE gene family in Cucurbitaceae species and their regulatory role in melon (Cucumis melo) under salt stress

Shah Iftikhar Hussain,Manzoor Muhammad Aamir,Sabir Irfan Ali,Ashraf Muhammad,Haq Fazal,Arif Samiah,Abdullah Muhammad,Niu Qingliang,Zhang Yidong 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.4

The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family includes a primeval gene family of secondary transporters that export toxins, extrude metabolites, and participate in plant defense mechanisms. However, lack of information regarding the MATE gene family in Cucurbitaceae, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the MATE family was carried out in four Cucurbitaceae species (Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, and Lagenaria siceraria), and 174 MATE genes were identified. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed that the Cucurbitaceae MATE transporters family could be further classified into seven subgroups (A–G). GO annotation-based subcellular localization analysis predicted that most of the MATE gene family members localized on the plasma membrane. Moreover, conserved motifs and gene structure (intron/exon) analysis revealed the functional divergence between clades. Transposed duplication events have played a key role in the expansion and evolution of the MATE gene family in Cucumis melo. Cis-acting elements analysis of MATE family genes revealed that these could be targeted by a diverse set of trans-acting factors involving the MATE gene family to manage diverse stress conditions. The Chromosomal localization and molecular characteristics (weight, length, and pI) were performed using numerous bioinformatics tools. Intraspecies microsynteny analysis demonstrated that maximum orthologous genes were found between A. thaliana, C. pepo, C. lanatus, and L. siceraria. Further, functional analysis of microRNAs demonstrated miRNAs are involved in the growth and regulation of MATE genes. Finally, eleven candidates MATE genes were selected randomly, and their expression analysis was carried out via qRT-PCR at 0 h and after 24 h of salt stress. Furthermore, transient CmMATE expression in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts showed that protein localized on the plasma membrane. This study provides insights into the functional analysis of the MATE gene family in Cucurbitaceae species and laid down the basic knowledge to explore the role and mechanism of the MATE gene family to cope with severe salt stress conditions.

EEG spikes resembling cardiac M-shaped waves in the EKG: the cerebral M pattern

Janati, A.Bruce,ALGhasab, Naif S.,Aziz, Tariq,Haq, Fazal,ALGhassab, Fahad Saad,Iqhbal, Tariq,Alenazy, Rehab Khaleel The Korean Society for Clinical Neurophysiology 2017 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.19 No.1

Studies of interictal epileptiform discharges are essential for improving the diagnosis, classification, and management of epilepsy. In this case series we sought to identify the clinical and neurophysiological significance of bifid spikes, whose pattern bears a strong resemblance to the cardiac M pattern. We hypothesize that, analogous to the cardiac M pattern, the cerebral M pattern is generated by a conduction defect associated with asynchronous spatiotemporal averaging of electrical signals in the cortex, resulting in the signals reaching the scalp with different latencies. Unlike the cardiac M pattern, the pathology underlying the cerebral M pattern is unknown, although congenital CNS anomalies may be a culprit.