포도 중 Tebuconazole의 잔류성에 미치는 몇 가지 변동요인의 영향

한성수,노석초,마상용 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Tebuconazole의 안전성 평가를 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 tebuconazole의 처리시기, 처리횟수, 봉지 씌우기(괘대) 및 세척방법에 따른 잔류성을 조사하였다. 수확 전 처리횟수가 3회~5회 처리로 증가함에 따라 tebuconazole의 잔류량이 높게 나타났으며, 처리횟수가 동일한 조건에서는 최종 처리후 경과일수가 길수록 잔류량이 적게 나타났다. 처리횟수 및 최종 처리 후 경과일수가 동일하더라도 최초 약제처리 시기에 따라 잔류량의 차이가 나타나 기상 조건 및 과실의 생육상태에 따른 잔류량 변동 가능성이 시사되었다. 과실 1개당 무게가 2.5~7.5 g의 범위에서 과실 개체의 크기가 작을수록 높은 잔류량을 보였으며, 잔류성분의 대부분이 과피에 분포하였다. 괘대 과실의 과피에서 무괘대 과실의 과피에 비하여 매우 낮은 잔류량을 보였다, 과육 중의 잔류량은 괘대 포도에서는 검출한계 이하로, 무괘대 포도에는 0.05 mg/kg 수준으로 분포하였다. 세척 전의 잔류량이 0.86 mg/kg 수준인 포도 시료에서는 물에 1분간 침지하고 흐르는 물에 1~2회 세척 시에 잔류량의 약 25~67%가 제거되었으며, 침지처리 후 3회 세척한 시료에서는 검출한계 이하의 잔류량을 보였다. 세제용액에 침지하고 흐르는 물에 세척한 경우에는 물 침지에 비하여 높은 제거효과가 나타났으며, 세척 전 포도 중의 잔류량이 낮을수록 제거효과가 높게 나타났다. Dissipation pattern of tebuconazole was evaluated by establishing application methods of the fungicide, paper-bagging of grape during growth and washing of grape after harvest. Application times increased from three to five resulted in high levels of residues in grape. Tebuconazole in grapes was present in different residual patterns with periods after final treatment, ranging from 7 to 25 days. Significant differences in the residual patterns were also found when tebuconazole was treated during three different application periods, possibly due to meteorological condition and/or grape growth during each period. At the range from 2.5 g to 7.5 g of grape granules, residues were higher in small-sized grape than in big-sized grape and were mostly distributed on the peel of the grapes. Paper-bagging was a critical factor for reducing the fungicide residue on the peel. Flesh of bagged and no-bagged grape had very low level of residues, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Residues on grape was effectively eliminated with the washing methods suggested, a consecutive sinking-washing system. Using of detergent solution during washing showed maximum residue reduction from grape. The washing methods showed effective action on the removal of lower content, providing complete elimination, or almost, of the residues.

마이크로 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 구조 최적설계

한석영,최성만 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

SGA (Single Genetic Algorithm) is a heuristic global optimization method based on the natural characteristics and uses many populations and stochastic rules. Therefore SGA needs many function evaluations and takes much time for convergence. In order to solve the demerits of SGA, μGA(Micro-Genetic Algorithm) has recently been developed. In this study, μGA which have small populations and fast convergence rate, was applied to structural optimization with discrete or integer variables such as 3, 10 and 25 bar trusses. The optimized results of μGA were compared with those of SGA. Solutions of μGA for structural optimization were very similar or superior to those of SGA, and faster convergence rate was obtained. From the results of examples, it is found that μGA is a suitable and very efficient optimization algorithm for structural design.

밀도분포법을 이용한 부재의 연결구조 최적화

한석영,유재원,박재용 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Most engineering products contain more than one component. Failure occurs either at the connection itself or in the component at the point of attachment of the connection in many engineering structures. The allocation and design of connections such as bolts, spot-welds, adhesive etc. usually play an important role in the structure of multi-components. Topology optimization of connection component provides more practical solution in design of multi-component connection system. In this study, a topology optimization based on density distribution approach has been applied to optimal location of fasteners such as T-shape, L-shape and multi-component connection system. From the results, it was verified that the number of iteration was reduced, and the optimal topology was obtained very similarly comparing with ESO method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the density distribution method is very suitable for topology optimization of multi-component structures.

밀도분포법을 이용한 부재의 연결구조 최적화

한석영,유재원 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Most engineering products contain more than one component. Failure occurs either at the connection itself or in the component at the point of attachment of the connection in many engineering structures. The allocation and design of connections such as bolts, spot-welds, adhesive etc. usually play an important role in the structure of multi-components. Topology optimization of connection component provides more practical solutions in design of multi-component connection system. In this study, a topology optimization based on density distribution approach has been applied to optimal location of fasteners such as T-shape, L-shape and multi-component system. From the results, it was verified that the number of iteration was reduced, and the optimal topology was obtained very similarly comparing with ESO method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the density distribution method is very suitable for topology optimization of multi-component structures.

열림 모드에 대한 형상 최적화

한석영,송시엽 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

The relationship between structural geometry and number of life cycles to failure is investigated to improve the fatigue life of structural components. The linear elastic fracture mechanics(LEFM) approach is integrated with shape optimal design methodology. The primary objective of this study is to decide an optimal shape for enhancing the life of the structure. The results from LEFM analyses are used in the fatigue model to predict the life of the structure before failure is occurred. The shape of the structure is optimized by using the growth strain method. Relevant issues such as problem formulation, finite element modeling are explained. Three design examples are solved, and the results show that, with proper shape changes, the life of structural systems subjected to fatigue loads can be enhanced significantly.

진화적 구조 최적화를 위한 요소 제거법 비교 연구

한석영,이동진 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.5

In case of ESO(evolutionary structural optimization) which is one of topology optimization methods, the element removal ratio is fixed throughout topology optimization by 1 or 2%. As a result it has no flexibility for various types of, structures and thus the rate of convergence might not be efficient. Thus various element removal methods were developed in order to improve the efficiency of ESO. In this paper, various element removal methods for ESO are compared with each other for a bracket and a short cantilever. In addition, a new improved bi-directional element removal method is sug-gested in order to obtain much better optimized topology. From the comparative results of the examples, it is verified that all of the developed various element removal methods arc very effective, and the suggested element removal method is the most effective.

좌굴 하중을 고려한 프레임 구조물의 최적 설계

한석영,진경욱 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, the comparison of the first order approximation schemes such as SLP (sequential linear programming), CONLIN (convex linearization), MMA(method of moving asymptotes) and the second order approximation scheme, SQP(sequential quadratic programming) was accomplished for optimization of nonlinear structures. It was found that MMA and SQP are the most efficient methods for optimization. But the number of function call of SQP is much more than that of MMA. Therefore, when it is considered with the expense of computation, MMA is more efficient than SQP. In order to examine the efficiency of MMA for complex optimization problem, it was applied to the helicopter tail boom con-sidering column buckling and local wall buckling constraints. It is concluded that MMA can be a very efficient approxima-tion scheme from simple problems to complex problems.

마이크로 믹서의 형상 최적화

한석영,김성훈 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

In this study, shape optimization of micro-static mixer with a cantilever beam was accomplished for maximizing the mixing efficiency by using successive response surface approximations. Variables were chosen as the length of cantilever beam and the angle between horizontal and the cantilever beam. Sequential approximate optimization method was used to deal with both highly nonlinear and non-smooth characteristics of flow field in a micro-static mixer. Shape optimization problem of a micro-static mixer can be divided into a series of simple subproblems. Approximation to solve the subproblems was performed by response surface approximation, which does not require the sensitivity analysis. To verify the reliability of approximated objective function and the accuracy of it, ANOVA analysis and variables selection method were implemented, respectively. It was verified that successive response surface approximation worked very well and the mixing efficiency was improved very much comparing with the initial shape of a micro-static mixer.

대한상하수도학회·한국수자원공사 공동주최 2003년도 제2회 부상분리 국제워크샵 보고문

한무영,김진호,독고석,곽동희,류석위 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

마우스 Myeloma Cell P3-X63-Ag8.653 및 T Cell Hybridome DO11.10에서의 Programmed Cell Death 유발 특성 비교

임석원,정용훈,최용,한승룡,조양자 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was aimed to prove that the death of HGPRT myeloma V653 by aminopterin treatment is due to PCD. This PCD was also compared with a relatively well-defined dexamethasone-induced PCD of T-cell hybridoma DO11.10. And these PCD systems were further characterized by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide, inhibiting mRNA synthesis with actinomycin-D, increasing intracellular calcium with calcium ionophore A23187. Induction of c-myc, an universal apoptosis gene, was also compared between these 2 systems. Viability of V653 cell was decreased by aminopterin-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment of aminopterin, this decrease of viability began in 6 hours and was accelerated in 12-18 hours. DNA fragmentation of V653 was detectable at 3 hours of incubation and peaked in 12-18 hours. Patterns of decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cells was similar to that of aminopterin-treated V653 cell, but the progress was much slower. The decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of aminopterin-treated V653 cells were inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin-D. In contrast the decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cell were accelerated by cycloheximide and actinomycin-D additions. Ca^2+ ionophore A23187 addition to aminopterin-treated V653 cells and dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 accelerated the decrease in cell viability and the increase in DNA fragmentation of both cells. In northern blot analysis, induction of c-myc gene was observed in aminopterin-treated V653 cell reached peak at 2hours and thern decreased drastically. Induction of c-myc gene in dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cells was much slower and the fold of gene induction was much lower than that of aminopterin-treated V653 cell. Ultrastructural changes during the death process were observed by using electron microscope. Dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and detachment of ribosomes were the earliest ultrastructural changes, which were observed in 30 minutes after death induction. The results of this study suggest that aminopterin-induced selective elimination of fusion partner V653 myeloma cell is due to PCD, and that this process requires de novo protein and RNA synthesis in which a Ca^2+ -mediated signal transduction pathway is involved.