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A Study on the Restructuring and Cavitation of the Data-based Pick-up and Delivery Business
Han Wool HONG,Kwang Sup SHIN 한국해운물류학회 2018 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.34 No.1
The recent rapid growth of the parcel delivery market has led to a rapid increase in the volume of traffic in urban logistics centers. Excessive competition among courier companies and a lack of logistics infrastructure in urban areas have seriously reduced service quality and profitability and have led to traffic congestion in urban areas as well as environmental problems. This study develops a model for integrating services among more than two courier companies for the same service area by proposing a way to design and assign routes for luggage delivery to each participating company. We verify the results of the proposed integration and cooperative operation model by comparing performance indicators (including total cost) between two routing approaches, the dynamic and fixed models, based on the demand pattern. The proposed model may enable a reduction in traffic congestion and environmental problems caused by courier services in urban areas. It may also address the profitability problem caused by the overheated competition in the courier business.
Graphene as an atomically thin barrier to Cu diffusion into Si
Hong, Juree,Lee, Sanggeun,Lee, Seulah,Han, Heetak,Mahata, Chandreswar,Yeon, Han-Wool,Koo, Bonwoong,Kim, Seong-Il,Nam, Taewook,Byun, Kisik,Min, Byung-Wook,Kim, Young-Woon,Kim, Hyungjun,Joo, Young-Chang The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.13
<P>The evolution of copper-based interconnects requires the realization of an ultrathin diffusion barrier layer between the Cu interconnect and insulating layers. The present work reports the use of atomically thin layer graphene as a diffusion barrier to Cu metallization. The diffusion barrier performance is investigated by varying the grain size and thickness of the graphene layer; single-layer graphene of average grain size 2 ± 1 μm (denoted small-grain SLG), single-layer graphene of average grain size 10 ± 2 μm (denoted large-grain SLG), and multi-layer graphene (MLG) of thickness 5-10 nm. The thermal stability of these barriers is investigated after annealing Cu/small-grain SLG/Si, Cu/large-grain SLG/Si, and Cu/MLG/Si stacks at different temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy analyses confirm that the small-grain SLG barrier is stable after annealing up to 700 °C and that the large-grain SLG and MLG barriers are stable after annealing at 900 °C for 30 min under a mixed Ar and H2gas atmosphere. The time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) test is used to evaluate graphene as a Cu diffusion barrier under real device operating conditions, revealing that both large-grain SLG and MLG have excellent barrier performance, while small-grain SLG fails quickly. Notably, the large-grain SLG acts as a better diffusion barrier than the thicker MLG in the TDDB test, indicating that the grain boundary density of a graphene diffusion barrier is more important than its thickness. The near-zero-thickness SLG serves as a promising Cu diffusion barrier for advanced metallization.</P>
Han, Mi Ah,Kim, Young-Woo,Choi, Il Ju,Oh, Myueng Guen,Kim, Chan Gyoo,Lee, Jong Yeul,Cho, Soo-Jeong,Eom, Bang Wool,Yoon, Hong Man,Ryu, Keun Won American Association for Cancer Research 2013 Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention Vol.22 No.10
<P><B>Background:</B> Smoking and drinking alcohol are major risk factors for cancer development, and we investigated their effects on gastric cancer prognosis following initial resection.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> Data from male patients with stage III–IV gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed up until 2011. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regressions were applied for survival rates.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Among 238 patients, 151 (63.4%) smoked and 146 (61.3%) drank alcohol. Current smokers had an increased risk of cancer recurrence or death from any cause [adjusted HR (aHR), 1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–3.21], cancer recurrence (aHR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.12–3.21), and overall mortality (aHR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.23–3.73) compared with never-smokers. Patients with a lifetime cigarette smoking of <40 and ≥40 pack-years had increased cancer recurrence or death from any cause (aHR, 1.72 and 2.43, respectively; 95% CI, 1.03–2.86 and 1.38–4.30, respectively), cancer recurrence (aHR, 1.63 and 2.61, respectively; 95% CI, 0.95–2.79 and 1.43–4.77, respectively), and overall mortality (aHR, 1.92 and 2.75, respectively; 95% CI, 1.09–3.38 and 1.47–5.12, respectively) compared with never-smokers. However, drinking alcohol was not associated with postsurgery survival.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> Cigarette-smoking history at the time of diagnosis, but not drinking history, is associated with cancer recurrence and poor survival after surgery in male patients with stage III–IV gastric cancer.</P><P><B>Impact:</B> These findings encourage physicians to advise patients with gastric cancer to stop smoking to obtain a general health benefit and likely improvement in the gastric cancer course. <I>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1805–12. ©2013 AACR</I>.</P>
Han, Won Ho,Yehuda, Amir Ben,Kim, Deok-Hee,Yang, Seung Geun,Eom, Bang Wool,Yoon, Hong Man,Kim, Young-Woo,Ryu, Keun Won AME Publishing Company 2018 Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Vol.30 No.5
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Laparoscopic gastrectomy has been established as a standard treatment for early gastric cancer, and its use is increasing recently. Compared with the conventional laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG), totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) involves intracorporeal reconstruction, which can avoid the additional incision, resulting in pain reduction and early recovery. This study aimed to compare the short-term postoperative outcomes of TLDG <I>vs.</I> LADG in gastric cancer in a high-volume center. </P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1,322 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy from June 2012 to June 2017 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. LADG was performed in the early period before July 2015, and TLDG was applied in the later period. Postoperative short-term outcomes were compared in terms of complication and clinical course between the two groups. Pain score was measured by rating the pain intensity from 0 to 10 points on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 3.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 667 patients underwent LADG and 655 patients underwent TLDG. Clinicopathologic characteristics were not different in both groups. Intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL) was significantly lower in the TLDG group (P<0.001). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the TLDG group than in the LADG group on POD 1 (5.1±1.5<I>vs.</I> 4.8±1.4, P=0.015). First flatus passage after operation was significantly earlier in the TLDG group (3.4±0.8 d <I>vs.</I> 3.2±0.6 d, P<0.001). There were no differences in postoperative complications and hospital stay between the two groups. </P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Based on the reported short-term postoperative outcomes, TLDG is safe and feasible as well as LADG. Moreover, compared with LADG, TLDG can reduce intraoperative EBL and postoperative pain and enhance the bowel motility in gastric cancer surgery.</P>
( Hong Sik Choi ),( Ki Taek Lim ),( Jang Ho Kim ),( Joo Young Park ),( Soung Hoo Jeon ),( Han Wool Choung ),( Chong Su Cho ),( Yun Hoon Choung ),( Pill Hoon Choung ),( Jong Hoon Chung ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2010 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.7 No.5
In this study two types of scaffolds which have taken the merits of polymer and bioceramics were prepared, and in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel degradable polymer-bioceramic scaffolds seeded with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were investigated. Three elements were considered for the scaffolds; poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), as degradable polymer, and tooth apatite (TA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (TCP) as degradable bioceramics. The first scaffold consists of PDLLA exclusively, the second of PDLLA and TA (1:1) and the third of PDLLA, TA and TCP (1:1:1). The scaffolds were compared with each other in vitro and in vivo using hDPSCs as their cell source. hDPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars, cultured, attached, proliferated and differentiated prior to the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Scanning electron microscope observation was carried out to reveal the attachment and growth of hDPSCs on the surfaces of three scaffolds, and the quantitative assay of cell proliferation was also detected. It was shown that hDPSCs attached and spread further in the polymer-bioceramic groups (PDLLA/TA/TCP and PDLLA/TA) compared to the polymer group (PDLLA), and there was also less inflammatory reaction in the polymer-bioceramic scaffolds, transplanted subcutaneously in the dorsal area of immunocompromised mice. In addition, the polymer-bioceramic groups (PDLLA/TA/TCP, PDLLA/TA) showed intensive cementum- like mineralization in vivo. Thus, it could be concluded that the polymer-bioceramic groups might serve as novel potential scaffolds for tooth bioengineering.
Han, Won Ho,Eom, Bang Wool,Yoon, Hong Man,Ryu, Junsun,Kim, Young-Woo The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2020 Journal of gastric cancer Vol. No.
Purpose: Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is a function-preserving surgery in cases of proximally located early-stage gastric cancer. Because gastroesophageal reflux is a major pitfall of this operation, we devised a modified esophagogastrostomy (EG) anastomosis to fix the distal part of the posterior esophageal wall to the proximal part of the anterior stomach wall to produce an anti-reflux mechanism; we named this the SPADE operation. This study aimed to show demonstrate the clinical outcomes of the SPADE operation and compare them to those of previous PG cases. Materials and Methods: Case details of 56 patients who underwent PG between January 2012 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed: 30 underwent conventional esophagogastrostomy (CEG) anastomosis using a circular stapler, while 26 underwent the SPADE operation. Early postoperative clinical outcome-related reflux symptoms, endoscopic findings, and postoperative complications were compared in this case-control study. Results: Follow-up endoscopy showed more frequent reflux esophagitis cases in the CEG group than in the SPADE group (30% vs. 15.3%, P=0.19). Similarly, bile reflux (26.7% vs. 7.7%, P=0.08) and residual food (P=0.01) cases occurred more frequently in the CEG group than in the SPADE group. In the CEG group, 13 patients (43.3%) had mild reflux symptoms, while 3 patients (10%) had severe reflux symptoms. In the SPADE group, 3 patients (11.5%) had mild reflux symptoms, while 1 had severe reflux symptoms (absolute difference, 31.8%; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-29.64; P=0.01). Conclusions: A novel modified EG, the SPADE operation, has the potential to decrease gastroesophageal reflux following a PG.
DIVISION PROBLEM IN GENERALIZED GROWTH SPACES ON THE UNIT BALL IN ℂ<sup>n</sup>
Cho, Hong Rae,Lee, Han-Wool,Park, Soohyun The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2015 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.31 No.1
Let $\mathbb{B}$ be the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. For a weight function ${\omega}$, we define the generalized growth space $A^{\omega}(\mathbb{B})$ by the space of holomorphic functions f on $\mathbb{B}$ such that $${\mid}f(z){\mid}{\leq}C{\omega}({\mid}{\rho}(z){\mid},\;z{\in}\mathbb{B}$$. Our main purpose in this note is to get the corona type decomposition in generalized growth spaces on $\mathbb{B}$.
REGULARITY OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR A CAUCHY-EULER TYPE OPERATOR
CHO, HONG RAE,LEE, HAN-WOOL,CHO, EUNSUNG The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2019 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.35 No.1
We consider the initial value problem of the Schrodinger equation for an interesting Cauchy-Euler type operator ${\mathfrak{R}}$ on ${\mathbb{C}}^n$ that is an analogue of the harmonic oscillator in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. We get an appropriate $L^1-L^{\infty}$ dispersive estimate for the solution of the initial value problem.