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Factor Endowment, the Choice of Technology, and the Volume of Trade
Haiwen Zhou 한국국제경제학회 2007 International Economic Journal Vol.21 No.4
This paper studies impacts of factor endowment on international trade in a general equilibrium model in which firms choose their technologies endogenously. Though countries only differ in factor endowment ex ante, countries may also differ in their chosen technologies. If industries choose different capital-labor intensities in equilibrium, the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem, factor price equalization theorem, the Rybczynski theorem, and the Stolper-Samuelson theorem hold. If industries choose the same capital-labor intensity in equilibrium, the volume of trade is zero. None of the four theorems applies.
The Choice of Technology and Economic Geography
Zhou Haiwen 한국국제경제학회 2022 International Economic Journal Vol.36 No.1
Empirical evidence shows that firms located in regions with larger population size are on average larger and more productive. To explain this empirical observation, firms producing intermediate goods are assumed to choose their technologies with different levels of fixed and marginal costs. In this general equilibrium model of economic geography, intermediate good producers engage in oligopolistic competition. The model is tractable and leads to interesting and analytical results. An intermediate good producer in the region with a higher population produces a higher level of output and has a lower marginal cost of production regardless of the existence of regional trade. With regional trade, if a worker moves from the region with a lower number of workers to the region with a higher number of workers, intermediate good producers in both regions choose less advanced technologies.
Frequency Regulation Strategy for AC–DC System During Black Start
Chengjun Xia,Jiazheng Xie,Haiwen Lan,Baorong Zhou,Zhaobin Du 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.1
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) can speed up the recovery of a power system. However, both rectifer and inverter sides of HVDC are weak systems during a black start. To coordinate frequency characteristics of both sides within the frequency deviation constrain, a frequency regulation strategy for AC–DC system during a black start is proposed. First, the mathematical models of asynchronous interconnected AC–DC system are established, and the optimal HVDC transmission power leading to minimum frequency deviation of both sides is obtained based on the linear quadratic optimal control method. To adapt to the continuously changing parameters and confgurations of the AC power system during a black start, a Narendra adaptive tracking control method is developed to obtain the control law of the target value of governor, which allows the actual system frequency follow the reference system frequency under the optimal HVDC transmission power. Finally, the simulation model is established using PSCAD/EMTDC software to verify the proposed strategy