Studies of the microbial metabolism of flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Diospyros kaki by intestinal bacteria

Sheng-hai Zhang,Ying-zi Wang,Fan-yun Meng,You-lin Li,Cai-xia Li,Fei-peng Duan,Qing Wang,Xiu-ting Zhang,Chun-ni Zhang 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.5

Flavonoid glycosides are metabolized byintestinal bacteria, giving rise to a wide range of phenolicacids that may exert systemic effects in the body. Themicrobial metabolism of flavonoids extracted from theleaves of Diospyros kaki (FLDK) by intestinal bacteria wasinvestigated in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography/linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometrywas performed to analyze the metabolites of flavonoidsin vivo using Xcalibur2.1 software. The results showed thatthe levels of flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglyconesdecreased rapidly in the process of microbial metabolismby intestinal bacteria in vitro, and the metabolic rate maybe related to the concentration of intestinal bacteria in theculture solution. In vivo metabolites of FLDK weredetected in rat plasma and urine after oral administration ofFLDK. Eight flavonoids were identified in the urine, andthree were identified in the plasma; however, flavonoidaglycones were not found in the plasma.

PCR-DGGE as a Supplemental Method Verifying Dominance of Culturable Microorganisms from Activated Sludge

( Sheng Zhou ),( Hai Wei Chao ),( Ke Lin ),( Hai Zhen Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.11

To verify the dominance of microorganisms in wastewater biological treatment, PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) was performed as a supplementary support method for screening of the dominant microorganisms from activated sludge. Results suggest that the dominant microorganisms in activated sludge are primarily responsible for strengthening its effectiveness as a biological treatment system, followed by the non-main dominant microorganisms, whereas the non-dominant microorganisms showed no effects. The degree of microbial abundance present on the profile of PCR-DGGE was in line with the treatment efficiency of augmented activated sludge with isolated cultures, suggesting that PCR-DGGE can be used as an effective supplementary method for verifying culturable dominant microorganisms in activated sludge of coking wastewater.

Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Novel Chiral tert-Amino Alcohols

Cong-hai Zhang,Sheng-jiao Yan,Sheng-qiang Pan,Rong Huang,Jun Lin 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of novel chiral tert-amino alcohols 4a-h derived from enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were synthesized efficiently and used as chiral ligands in the catalytic enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc (diethylzinc-to-aldehyde addition). The use of 10 mol % of the amino alcohols led to the corresponding sec-alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 100% ee) and high yields.

Preparation of lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film cathodes with high cycling performance in SIBs

Xu Hai-Yan,Ruan Jun Hai,Liu Fang Lin,Li Dong-Cai,Zhang Feng-Jun,Wang Ai-Guo,Sun Dao-Sheng,오원춘 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.3

Lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin films have been prepared using a simple low temperature liquid phase deposition method and subsequent annealing process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning elec- tron microscopy (SEM), and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the NaV6O15 film. The films were grown on the FTO conductive glass and used directly as an electrode of sodium ion batteries. The prepared lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin film electrodes showed an excellent cycling stability and discharge capacity, which may be attributed to the stability of the Li+ embedded into the gap between the V–O layers to maintain the structure and its stable β-phase structure transformed after the first cycle. The cycling stability greatly improved with increasing annealing temperature, while the discharge capacity decreased. The capacities of the film electrodes annealed at 400 °C and 450 °C maintained above 97% after 100 cycles. The lithium-doped NaV6O15 underwent a phase transition dur- ing the first charge/discharge cycle. The new transformed phase has perfect crystal structure stability undergoing insertion and deinsertion of Na+. Therefore, the lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film possesses good cycling stability and is expected to be a promising thin film cathode for sodium-ion batteries.

A New Security Model In P2P Network Based On Rough Set And Bayesian Learner

( Wang Hai-sheng ),( Gui Xiao-lin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.9

A new security management model based on Rough set and Bayesian learner is proposed in the paper. The model focuses on finding out malicious nodes and getting them under control. The degree of dissatisfaction (DoD) is defined as the probability that a node belongs to the malicious node set. Based on transaction history records local DoD (LDoD) is calculated. And recommended DoD (RDoD) is calculated based on feedbacks on recommendations (FBRs). According to the DoD, nodes are classified and controlled. In order to improve computation accuracy and efficiency of the probability, we employ Rough set combined with Bayesian learner. For the reason that in some cases, the corresponding probability result can be determined according to only one or two attribute values, the Rough set module is used; And in other cases, the probability is computed by Bayesian learner. Compared with the existing trust model, the simulation results demonstrate that the model can obtain higher examination rate of malicious nodes and achieve the higher transaction success rate.

Metastatic Axillary Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) is Prognostically Superior to pN Staging in Patients with Breast Cancer -- Results for 804 Chinese Patients from a Single Institution

Xiao, Xiang-Sheng,Tang, Hai-Lin,Xie, Xin-Hua,Li, Lai-Sheng,Kong, Ya-Nan,Wu, Min-Qing,Yang, Lu,Gao, Jie,Wei, Wei-Dong,Xie, Xiaoming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

The number of axillary lymph nodes involved and retrieved are important prognostic factors in breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a better prognostic factor in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) for breast cancer patients as compared with pN staging. The analysis was based on 804 breast cancer patients who had underwent axillary lymph node dissection between 1999 and 2008 in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. Optimal cutoff points of LNR were calculated using X-tile software and validated by bootstrapping. Patients were then divided into three groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk) according to the cutoff points. Predicting risk factors for relapse were performed according to Cox proportional hazards analysis. DFS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. The 5-year DFS rate decreased significantly with increasing LNRs and pN. Univariate analysis found that the pT, pN, LNR, molecule type, HER2, pTNM stage and radiotherapy well classified patients with significantly different prognosis. By multivariate analysis, only LNR classification was retained as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, there was a significant prognostic difference among different LNR categories for pN2 category, but no apparent prognostic difference was seen between different pN categories in any LNR category. Therefore, LNR rather than pN staging is preferable in predicting DFS in node positive breast cancer patients, and routine clinical decision-making should take the LNR into consideration.

한국어의 주관량(主觀量, Subjective Quantity) 표현 연구

양해승 ( Liang Hai-sheng ) 국어학회 2014 국어학 Vol.71 No.-

주관량(主觀量, Subjective Quantity)이란 언어의 주관성이 언어화된 양범주에 반영되어 형성된 개념이며, 인지언어학의 핵심 개념으로서 중국어나 영어 학계에서 큰 관심이 모아지고 있다. 그러나 한국어 주관량 연구는 아직도 새로운 연구 분야라서 해당 주관량의 정의, 생성원리, 구분기준, 표현 방법 등에 대해 체계적으로 다루지 못하고 있다. 본고에서는 인지언어학적 시각으로 다양한 한국어의 실례를 통해 먼저 주관량에 관련된 여러 개념들, 예를 들면, 언어화된 양범주, 주관성 및 주관화와의 관련성을 자세히 해석했고, 그 다음에 주관량의 정의, 참조량, 생성원리, 그리고 수량사구(NumP)에 관련된 한국어 주관량의 구분기준에 대해 깊이 논의했다. 마지막으로 주로 형태론, 통사론 두 차원에서 해당 한국어의 주관량 표현을 체계적으로 다루었다. 주관량 표현을 다루는 과정에서 주로 인지언어학의 주관성과 주관화 이론, 현저성 이론, 의미확장양상 이론, 영상도식 이론, 의미 협력 및 변형 이론 등을 적용해 봤다. 본 연구 성과는 한국어 주관량에 대한 체계적인 연구의 빈자리를 채워주고 아직도 한국어 주관량에 관련된 많은 미해결 과제를 푸는 데 도움이 될 것이다. Subjective quantity denotes a concept that is formed by the embodiment of human subjectivity within the scope of quantity category in the language field. As a core concept of cognitive linguistics, it gets a lot of attention among scholars in the Chinese and English linguistics circles. But, in the Korean linguistics circle study on subjective quantity is still an emerging research field, so the study about subjective quantity’s concept, forming principle, classification criteria, and means of expression still did not form a systematic research system. This paper used a large number of Korean examples from the perspective of cognitive linguistics firstly to analyze various concepts on Korean subjective quantity in detail, for example, linguistic quantity category, subjectivity & subjectification, and to define concept of subjective quantity, reference quantity, forming principle, on this basis, an in-depth research is conducted into classification criterion of subjective quantity on number phrases. Finally, this paper researched subjective quantity expression mainly from two levels of morphology and Syntax systematically. In the process of research on subjective quantity expression method, this paper mainly used Subjectivity and Subjectification, Salience theory, Semantic Expansion theory, Image Schema theory, Semantic Coordination & Variation theory on cognitive linguistics, and so on. I wish this paper can fill the blank in the research of Korean subjective quantity, and play a positive reference role in solving many problems on Korean subjective quantity.

한국어 겹받침 발음 교육 방안 연구 -중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 대상으로-

양해승 ( Liang Hai-sheng ),포연 ( Bao Juan ) 한국어교육연구소 2017 한국어교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

본고는 중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 대상으로 더 효율적이고 체계적이며 과학적으로 한국어 겹받침 발음을 교수할 수 있는 교육 방안을 세워봤다. 먼저, 『훈민정음』을 통해 겹받침의 역사적 기원을 밝힘으로써 스토리텔링식(story-telling)으로 겹받침 수업을 재미있게 도입하고, 그 다음으로 겹받침 앞 자음에 따라 ‘ㄱ’계, ‘ㄴ’계, ‘ㄹ’계, ‘ㅂ’계로 분류함으로써 겹받침의 형태와 순서를 쉽게 교수하도록 하고, 이것을 바탕으로 한국어 겹받침의 발음 방법에 의해 앞 자음이 발음 되는 경우, 뒤 자음이 발음되는 경우, 그리고 앞 혹은 뒤 자음이 발음되는 경우 세 가지로 나눠 각각 뒤 음절이 모음인지 자음인지에 따라 해당 음운변동규칙을 적용시킴으로써 각 겹받침이 나타낸 음운적 양상을 짧은 시간 안으로 체계적으로 쉽게 교수하도록 한다. 마지막으로 쓰기, 읽기, 듣기, 말하기 차원에서 재미있는 활용연습을 개발해 봤다. 본고가 중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 위한 한국어 겹받침 발음 교육 방안 연구의 빈자리를 채워 줄 수 있는 연구가 되었으면 한다. At present, Korean final double consonants’ research results for Chinese students are mainly based on Chinese students studying in Korean language institute, and lack of corresponding results focusing on Korean major students at lower grades in four-year undergraduate college in China. So we attempt to build an efficient, systematic, and scientific new teaching model on Korean final double consonants to fill the gap in this field by this paper. To this end, this paper is mainly divided into four parts. First, it’s necessary to use ‘Hunmin Jeongeum’ to explain the origin of Korean final double consonants to students in the way of story-telling. And then according to the first consonant of final double consonants, they can be divided into ‘g(ㄱ)’ type, ‘n(ㄴ) type’, ‘l(ㄹ) type’, ‘b(ㅂ)type’. With this type of classification approach students can grasp the form and order of Korean final double consonants in a quick and effective way. On this basis, according to the pronunciation of Korean final double consonants, we divide them into three types, namely final double consonants only pronounced by the first consonant(ex.ㄳ; ㄵ, ㄶ; ㄽ, ㄾ, ㅀ; ㅄ), final double consonants only pronounced by the second consonant (ex. ㄿ, ㄻ), final double consonants pronounced by the first consonant or second consonant (ex. ㄺ, ㄼ). And then depending on whether the final double consonants are followed by a vowel or consonant, we can combine with the corresponding pronunciation rules to study the comprehensive pronunciation situations of final double consonants with some living examples. Finally, we studied effective methods of final double consonants mainly from four levels: writing, reading, listening and speaking. This paper is intended to fill the gap in the research of Korean final double consonants’ teaching model for Korean major of four-year undergraduate college in China.

Evaluation of the Geometric Accuracy of Anatomic Landmarks as Surrogates for Intrapulmonary Tumors in Image-guided Radiotherapy

Li, Hong-Sheng,Kong, Ling-Ling,Zhang, Jian,Li, Bao-Sheng,Chen, Jin-Hu,Zhu, Jian,Liu, Tong-Hai,Yin, Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geometric accuracy of thoracic anatomic landmarks as target surrogates of intrapulmonary tumors for manual rigid registration during image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Methods: Kilovolt cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired during IGRT for 29 lung cancer patients with 33 tumors, including 16 central and 17 peripheral lesions, were analyzed. We selected the "vertebrae", "carina", and "large bronchi" as the candidate surrogates for central targets, and the "vertebrae", "carina", and "ribs" as the candidate surrogates for peripheral lesions. Three to six pairs of small identifiable markers were noted in the tumors for the planning CT and Day 1 CBCT. The accuracy of the candidate surrogates was evaluated by comparing the distances of the corresponding markers after manual rigid matching based on the "tumor" and a particular surrogate. Differences between the surrogates were assessed using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc least-significant-difference tests. Results: For central targets, the residual errors increased in the following ascending order: "tumor", "bronchi", "carina", and "vertebrae"; there was a significant difference between "tumor" and "vertebrae" (p = 0.010). For peripheral diseases, the residual errors increased in the following ascending order: "tumor", "rib", "vertebrae", and "carina"; There was a significant difference between "tumor" and "carina" (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The "bronchi" and "carina" are the optimal surrogates for central lung targets, while "rib" and "vertebrae" are the optimal surrogates for peripheral lung targets for manual matching of online and planned tumors.

Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Novel Chiral tert-Amino Alcohols

Zhang, Cong-Hai,Yan, Sheng-Jiao,Pan, Sheng-Qiang,Huang, Rong,Lin, Jun Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of novel chiral tert-amino alcohols 4a-h derived from enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were synthesized efficiently and used as chiral ligands in the catalytic enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc (diethylzinc-to-aldehyde addition). The use of 10 mol % of the amino alcohols led to the corresponding sec-alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 100% ee) and high yields.