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A Stackelberg model for server-proxies-userssystems
Hai-Shan Han,Zun-Quan Xia 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.17 No.1-2
A Server-Proxies-Users communication system is studied by using Stackelberg strategy theory of game. A new model, in which the server, proxies and users are not equal is established, and that is a threelevel programming. The solution existence of the model is proved.
Huang, Hai-Shan,Han, Xiang-Hua,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Park, Jae-In,Yoo, Se-Kuel,Choi, Hyun-Sook,Lim, Sung-Cil,Lee, Myung-Koo Gordon and Breach ; Taylor Francis Health Sciences 2009 Journal of Asian natural products research Vol.11 No.10
<P>The effects of catalponol (1) on dopamine biosynthesis and l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Catalponol at concentration ranges of 1-5 muM increased the intracellular levels of dopamine at 12-48 h. Catalponol at concentrations of up to 10 muM did not alter cell viability. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was enhanced by 1 at 3 muM in a time-dependent manner, but aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity was not. Catalponol also increased the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and TH phosphorylation. In addition, catalponol at 3 muM associated with l-DOPA (20-50 muM) further enhanced the increases in dopamine levels induced by l-DOPA (50-100 muM) at 24 h. Catalponol at 2-5 muM inhibited l-DOPA (100-200 muM)-induced cytotoxicity at 48 h. These results suggest that 1 enhanced dopamine biosynthesis by inducing TH activity and protected against l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, which was mediated by the increased levels of cyclic AMP.</P>
Xue-Song Sun,Di-Han Liu,Sai-Lan Liu,Qiu-Yan Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Yue-Feng Wen,Li-Ting Liu,Hao-Jun Xie,Qing-Nan Tang,Yu-Jing Liang,Xiao-Yun Li,Jin-Jie Yan,Ming-Huang Hong,Jun Ma,Lin-Quan Tang,Hai-Qiang M 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival trends and patterns of failure in patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy over the last 20 years. Materials and Methods Thirty-eight hundred and eight patients diagnosed with stage II NPC between January 1990 and December 2012 were involved in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were treated with RT. According to the main imaging techniques and RT technology, we categorized these patients into four calendar periods: 1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were served as the clinical outcome. Results After a median follow-up period of 84.7 months, we observed increasing trends in survival and disease control. The 3- and 5-year OS rates increased from 87.1% and 78.7% in the first calendar period to 97.4% and 94.5% in the last calendar period, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant increasing trends could be seen in the PFS and LRFS during the four calendar periods. In the subgroup analysis, the LRFS in patients older than 50 years at diagnosis showed greater improvement than younger patients. However, the rate of distant metastasis was stable and relatively low, as the 5-year DMFS ranged from 90.5% to 94.7% among the four calendar periods. Conclusion The survival rates in patients with stage II NPC showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2012. The advance of RT provided excellent locoregional control and enhanced OS.