ADDITIVE AND HETEROSIS EFFECTS ON MILK YIELD AND BIRTH WEIGHT FROM CROSSBREEDING EXPERIMENTS BETWEEN HOLSTEIN AND THE LOCAL BREED IN BANGLADESH

Hirooka, H.,Bhuiyan, A.K.F.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.3

Data from purebred and crossbred cattle involving Holstein and the Local breed in Bangladesh were used to estimate the genetic effects on average daily milk yield and birth weight A total of 877 records on average daily milk yield for 4 types of breed groups and a total of 418 records on birth weight for 5 breed groups were analyzed. Two different methods were applied in this study; the least squares analysis of variance approach and the linear regression approach. Breed group effects were highly significant for both average daily milk yield and birth weight. The result showed that straightbred Holstein produced the highest milk yield and the 7/8 crosses ranked highest in birth weight For the two traits, the additive breed effect was highly significant, whereas the individual heterosis effect was not significant. Furthermore, this study showed a negative maternal heterosis for average daily milk yields and a positive maternal heterosis for birth weight Comparing the breed least squares means obtained from the linear regression approach revealed that straightbred Holstein produced the highest average milk yield and the 3/4 crosses were predicted to have the largest birth weight. It is indicated that the linear regression approach can adequately separate the genetic component of performance, estimate unknown crossbreeding parameters and predict unknown performance of crosses which are not include in the original data.

A GENERAL SIMULATION MODEL FOR CATTLE GROWTH AND BEEF PRODUCTION

Hirooka, H.,Yamada, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3

A general model was developed to simulate cattle growth and beef production. The present model was constructed, based on ARC metabolizable energy system in principle, and incorporated up-to-date knowledge and information into previous models, which were reported by Sanders and Cartwright (1979a,b) and Kahn (1982). The model may apply to cover a wide range of genetic and environmental conditions, because many factors relating to cattle growth and beef production are taken into consideration. The model may provide better understanding of various components and processes of beef cattle production systems.

A COMPARISON OF SIMULATION MODELS BASED ON ARC METABOLIZABLE ENERGY SYSTEM AND NRC NET ENERGY SYSTEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GROWING STEERS

Hirooka, H.,Yamada, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4

A comparison of the ARC metabolizable energy system and the NRC net energy system was made with special reference to growing steers. Two simulation models, one based on the ARC and other on the NRC system, were constructed to examine differences between the energy systems. The average daily live-weight gains predicted from both models for growing steers were compared under various conditions in which equal feeding levels and metabolizabilities were assumed. The two simulation models yielded similar results with very high energy intake with high quality feed. Difference between the two systems became larger as feeding conditions deviated from the above. The ARC system generally predicted higher daily live-weight gains than the NRC system. This appeared to be due to the higher efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy ($k_m$ and $k_f$) and basal metabolism (F), and lower energy value of growth (EVG) in the ARC system.

BETWEEN-BREED DIFFERENCES OF CARCASS COMPOSITION IN CATTLE

Hirooka, H.,Yamada, Y.,Dahlan, I.,Miyazaki, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.4

The validity of the hypothesis that between-breed differences of carcass composition in cattle can be reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity was assessed using carcass data of various breeds obtained from slaughter experiments in Denmark, Japan and Malaysia. All cattle were kept in intensive feeding conditions in this study. With respect to temperate data (Danish and Japanese data), although large between-breed differences were found in carcass composition in the comparison at the same slaughter weight, the differences were reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity. This result supported the above hypothesis. Kedah-Kelantan and their crosses in Malaysian data, however, had more muscle and bone contents but less fat content than temperate breeds, even if compared at the same degree of maturity. This could be attributed to the history that native Kedah-Kelantan breed has adapted itself in the direction of decreasing fat deposition which requires much energy and prevents heat evaporation, in order to survive under high temperature and high humiodity conditions in Malaysia. In spite of the same tropical breed, carcass composition of Sahiwal-Friesian was similar to that of other temperate breeds at the same degree of maturity.

Feasibility of Newly Developed Endoscopic Ultrasound with Zone Sonography Technology for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases

( Yoshiki Hirooka ),( Akihiro Itoh ),( Hiroki Kawashima ),( Eizaburo Ohno ),( Yuya Itoh ),( Yosuke Nakamura ),( Takeshi Hiramatsu ),( Hiroyuki Sugimoto ),( Hajime Sumi ),( Daijiro Hayashi ),( Naoki Oh 대한소화기학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.4

Background/Aims: To confirm the feasibility of using newly developed endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with Zone sonographyTM technology (ZST; Fujifilm Corp.). Methods: Seventy-five patients with pancreatic disorders were enrolled: 45 with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; 15 with ductal carcinoma; five with neuroendocrine tumors; three with serous cystic neoplasms; and seven with simple cysts. The endoscopes used were EG-530UR2 and EG-530UT2 (Fujifilm Corp.). Two items were evaluated: visualization depth among four frequencies and image quality after automatic adjustment of sound speed (AASS), assessed using a 5-scale Likert scale by two endosonographers blinded to disease status. Because sound speed could be manually controlled, besides AASS, image quality at sound speeds of 1,440 and 1,600 m/sec were also assessed. Results: In all cases, sufficient images were obtained in the range of 3 cm from the EUS probe. Judgments of image quality before AASS were 3.49 0.50, 3.65±0.48, respectively. After AASS, A and B scored 4.36±0.48 and 4.40±0.49 (p<0.0001). There were significant differences in the data before and after AASS and plus 60 m/sec, but no significant difference between the datasets were seen after AASS and at sound speeds manually set for minus 100 m/sec. Conclusions: EUS with ZST was shown to be feasible in this preliminary experiment. Further evaluation of this novel technology is necessary and awaited. (Gut Liver 2013; 7:486-491)

A Clinical Role of a Critical Pathway Implementation for Pancreaticoduodenectomy in 179 Patients

So Yamaki,Sohei Satoi,Hideyoshi Toyokawa,Hiroaki Yanagimoto,Tomohisa Yamamoto,Satoshi Hirooka,Satoshi Hirooka,Kentaro Inoue,Yoichi Matsui,A-Hon Kwon 한국간담췌외과학회 2012 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2012 No.4

EFFECT OF OVER-EXPANSION CYCLE IN A SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE USING LATE-CLOSING OF INTAKE VALVE AND ITS THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATION OF THE MECHANISM

Shiga, S.,Hirooka, Y.,Miyashita, Y.,Yagi, S.,Machacon, H.T.C.,Karasawa, T.,Nakamura, H. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2001 International journal of automotive technology Vol.2 No.1

This paper presents further investigation into the effect of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine. On the basis of the results obtained in previous studies, several combinations of late-closing (LC) of intake valve and expansion ratio were tested using a single-cylinder production engine. A large volume of intake capacity was inserted into the intake manifold to simulate multi-cylinder engines. With the large capacity volume, LC can decrease the pumping loss and then increase the mechanical efficiency. Increasing the expansion ratio from 11 to 23.9 with LC application can produce about 13% improvement of thermal efficiency which was suggested to be caused by the increased cycle efficiency. The decrease of compression ratio from 11 to 5.5 gives little effect on the thermal efficiency if the expansion ratio could be kept constant. Thus, the expansion ratio is revealed to be a determining factor for cycle efficiency, while compression ratio is no more important, which suggests the usefulness of controlling the intake charge with intake valve closure timing. These were successfully explained by simple thermodynamic calculation and thus the mechanism could be verified by the estimation.

Application of a Simulation Model for Dairy Cattle Production Systems Integrated with Forage Crop Production: the Effects of Whole Crop Rice Silage Utilization on Nutrient Balances and Profitability

Kikuhara, K.,Hirooka, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.2

In Japan, since rice consumption has been decreasing with the westernization of Japanese eating habits, surplus paddy fields have been increasing. If these surplus paddy fields can be utilized for forage rice production as feed for animal production and excretions (feces and urine) from animal production can be applied to the paddy fields as manure, then the problems of surplus paddy fields and excretions from animal production may be solved, and the environment kept sustainable. The objectives of the present study were to apply a bio-economic model to dairy and forage rice integration systems in Japan and to examine the merit of introducing whole crop rice silage (WCRS), as well as economic and environmental effects of various economic and management options in the systems. Five simulations were conducted using this model. The use of WCRS as a home-grown feed increased environmental loads and decreased economic benefit because of the higher amount of purchased feed, when compared to the use of typical crops such as maize, alfalfa and timothy silage (simulation 1). Higher economic benefits from higher forage rice yields and higher milk production of a dairy cow were obtained (simulations 2, 3). There were no economic and environmental incentives for utilizing crude protein (CP) rich WCRS, because an increase in the CP content in WCRS led to the use of more chemical fertilizers, resulting in high production costs and nitrogen outputs (simulation 4). When evaluated under the situation of a fixed herd size, increasing forage rice yields decreased the total benefit of the production, in spite of the fact that the amount of subsidies per unit of land increased (simulation 5). It was indicated that excess subsidy support may not promote yield of forage rice. It was, however, observed in most cases that dairy and forage rice integration systems could not be economically established without subsidies.

Analytic treatment of distributions of lithium neutrals and ions in linear devices

Chung, K.S.,Hirooka, Y.,Ashikawa, N.,Cho, S.G.,Choi, H.G.,Kang, I.J.,Tsuchiya, H. North-Holland 2017 Fusion engineering and design Vol.119 No.-

<P>Neutral lithium (Li) has been used for the mitigation of heat flux to the plasma facing components and for the control of hydrogen of fusion plasmas. Radial and axial variations of densities of Li neutrals and ions are obtained analytically for a cylindrical chamber by assuming the classical diffusion with or without the magnetic field (B). Neutrals and ions without B can be expressed as a linear combination of the modified Bessel functions of order zero (I-0 and K-0), while ions with B are to be expressed as the square root of them. Analytical solutions of Li neutral densities with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are compared to those using Monte Carlo simulation and experimental values of the LIGHT-1 (Lithium Injection Gettering of Hydrogen and its Transport experiments) device. Proper combinations of the relaxation length and size of the source would produce well fitted profiles similar to those observed experimentally and those using Monte Carlo codes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Development and Evaluation of a Simulation Model for Dairy Cattle Production Systems Integrated with Forage Crop Production

Kikuhara, K.,Kumagai, H.,Hirooka, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.1

Crop-livestock mixed farming systems depend on the efficiency with which nutrients are conserved and recycled. Home-grown forage is used as animal feed and animal excretions are applied to cultivated crop lands as manure. The objective of this study was to develop a mixed farming system model for dairy cattle in Japan. The model consisted of four sub-models: the nutrient requirement model, based on the Japanese Feeding Standards to determine requirements for energy, crude protein, dry matter intake, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A; the optimum diet formulation model for determining the optimum diets that satisfy nutrient requirements at lowest cost, using linear programming; the herd dynamic model to calculate the numbers of cows in each reproductive cycle; and the whole farm optimization model to evaluate whole farm management from economic and environmental viewpoints and to optimize strategies for the target farm or system. To examine the model' validity, its predictions were compared against best practices for dairy farm management. Sensitivity analyses indicated that higher yielding cows lead to better economic results but higher emvironmental load in dairy cattle systems integrated with forage crop production.