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A STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF MACRO MINERALS OF CATTLE IN JAVA IN INDONESIA
Kumagai, H.,Ishida, N.,Katsumata, H.,Yano, H.,Kawashima, R.,Jachja, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.1
Nutritional status of cattle in Java in Indonesia was investigated by evaluating P, Ca, Mg, K and Na concentrations in forage and plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi), Ca and Mg, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations of cattle during both rainy and dry seasons in 1988. Investigations were conducted at Jonggol (West Java), Malang (East Java) and Majokerto (East Java). Low P content in forage averaging 0.11% on a dry matter basis, high Ca:P ratio in forage in the rainy season (7.7:1) and low plasma Pi concentrations averaging 4.71 mg/dl were observed in Jonggol. In all three places, Ca content in forages was higher than the requirement according to the NRC standard and plasma Ca concentrations were above the critical level. During the rainy season forty percent of cattle in Malang and Mahokerto showed plasma Mg concentrations below 2mg/dl in spite of normal Mg and K content in forage. Forage samples from each place showed a wide variety in Na content, and Na content of two thirds of forage samples was lower than the requirement according to the NRC standard. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations in Malang and Majokerto showed higher values than the normal range.
A STUDY ON THE MINERAL STATUS OF BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE AND BUFFALO IN CENTRAL THAILAND
Kumagai, H.,Swasdiphanich, S.,Prucsasri, P.,Yimmongkol, S.,Rengsirikul, B.,Thammageeratiwong, P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.5
Nutritional status of minerals of beef and dairy cattle and buffalo in central Thailand were investigated by evaluating the mineral concentrations in feedstuff and blood plasma of animals. Three crossbred beef cow herds, a native cow herd, a buffalo female herd and 3 dairy cattle herds which consisted of the herds of lactating cows, dry cows and heifers were studied in both rainy and hot seasons. Low Na concentrations (<0.07% on a dry matter basis) in pasture samples from the fields for a cross bred beef cow were observed. Copper concentrations in all the pasture samples ranged from 3.7 to 13.5 mg/kg. Iron and Se concentration in pasture samples had a wide variety ranging from 185 to 1,345 and 0.033 to 1.127 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn and Mn in total diets were higher than the requirements for beef and dairy cattle. Some animals with subnormal plasma Cu concentrations(< $0.65{\mu}g/ml$) existed in each herd. The animals which showed subnormal plasma Se concentrations(< $0.03{\mu}g/ml$) were observed in beef cow herds. The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Zn in plasma of animals were normal. Attention should be paid to the deficiencies in Na, Cu and Se of the animals in central Thailand.
Kumagai, M.,Myung, S.T.,Katada, Y.,Yashiro, H. Pergamon Press 2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.211 No.-
Type 310S stainless steel bipolar plate is investigated by means of single cell operated at several current densities for 500h. During the cell operations, the voltage decay is drastic at a lower current density (139mV at 0Acm<SUP>-2</SUP>), while the fluctuation is mitigated at a higher current density (21mV at 0.5Acm<SUP>-2</SUP>). The operation results are highly related to the surface conditions of bipolar plates, in particular, the cathode part. At the lower current density, the thickened layer mainly composed of iron oxide layers appears. Meanwhile, the outermost surface is enriched with thin chromium oxide layers when the higher current is applied. It is likely that the thick passive layer on the type 310S stainless steel increases the interfacial contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the bipolar plates of the cathode, thereby resulting in progressive voltage decay during the operation. Interestingly, general corrosion is not involved throughout the cell operation, confirming the superiority of type 310S stainless steel under the cell operation environment.
A STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF TRACE MINERALS OF CATTLE IN JAVA IN INDONESIA
Kumagai, H.,Ishida, N.,Katsumata, M.,Yano, H.,Kawashima, R.,Jachja, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.1
The nutritional status of trace minerals in cattle of Java in Indonesia was investigated by evaluating Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn and Mn concentrations in diets and livers, and Cu and Zn concentrations in blood plasma. Investigations were conducted on Jonggol (West Java), Malang (East Java) and Mojokerto (East Java) in both the rainy and the dry seasons in 1988. In Jonggol, low Cu concentrations in diets showing 7.1 mg/kg in the rainy season and 10.9 mg/kg in the dry season were observed and all plasma samples showed Cu concentrations below the critical level ($0.65{\mu}g/ml$). Thirty percent of the liver samples in Malang and 54% of those in Mojokerto showed lower Cu concentrations than the critical level (75 mg/kg on a dry matter basis). Fe concentrations in diets from the three regions showed a wide variation of values ranging from 249 to 30,000 mg/kg. A large amount of Fe was accumulated in livers from Malang and Mojokerto, giving average concentrations of 498 mg/kg. Zn concentration in diet and plasma samples were close to the borderline and some Zn concentration in these samples showed deficient levels. Mo and Mn concentrations in diets and livers showed normal levels.
Piezoelectric Properties of Potassium Niobate Single Crystals by Domain Engineering
S. Wada,H. Kumagai,H. Kakemoto,K. Muraoka,T. Tsurumi 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1
Potassium niobate (KNbO3) single crystals were grown by a TSSG method. At rst, the electric eld was applied along the [001]c (cubic notation system) direction of KNbO3 crystals to induce the engineered domain congurations into KNbO3 crystals. Prior to domain engineering, the piezoelectric properties of [001]c-oriented KNbO3 single-domain crystals were measured. These measurement values were completely consistent with the calculated apparent d31 and d32. Finally, the engineered domain congurations were induced into KNbO3 crystals. As a result, piezoelectric properties increased with decreasing domain sizes of the engineered domain conguration. However, the symmetry of the KNbO3 crystals was mm2, and there were four kinds of domain structures such as 90,180, 60 and 120 domains. Thus, the engineered domain structure induced in this study was very complicated, and the piezoelectric properties were also ependent on domain pattern and kinds of domain walls.
Kikuhara, K.,Kumagai, H.,Hirooka, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.1
Crop-livestock mixed farming systems depend on the efficiency with which nutrients are conserved and recycled. Home-grown forage is used as animal feed and animal excretions are applied to cultivated crop lands as manure. The objective of this study was to develop a mixed farming system model for dairy cattle in Japan. The model consisted of four sub-models: the nutrient requirement model, based on the Japanese Feeding Standards to determine requirements for energy, crude protein, dry matter intake, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A; the optimum diet formulation model for determining the optimum diets that satisfy nutrient requirements at lowest cost, using linear programming; the herd dynamic model to calculate the numbers of cows in each reproductive cycle; and the whole farm optimization model to evaluate whole farm management from economic and environmental viewpoints and to optimize strategies for the target farm or system. To examine the model' validity, its predictions were compared against best practices for dairy farm management. Sensitivity analyses indicated that higher yielding cows lead to better economic results but higher emvironmental load in dairy cattle systems integrated with forage crop production.