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Kim, Sunmi,Eom, Soyong,Kim, Hai-Joong,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Cho, Geumjoon,Kim, Young Don,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Seunghyo,Kim, Gun-Ha,Moon, Hyo-B Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.624 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Exposure of the developing fetus and infants to toxic substances can cause serious lifelong health consequences. Several chemicals have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental disorders in the early life stages of humans. However, most epidemiological studies have focused on a limited number of chemicals, and hence may exclude important chemicals from consideration or result in conclusions built on associations by chance. In the present study, we investigated the chemical exposure profile of the women, and associated these with the early neurodevelopmental performance of their offspring at 13–24months of age. The chemicals assessed include four phthalates, bisphenol A, three heavy metals, 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 19 organochlorine pesticides, and 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which were measured from urine, whole blood, serum, and/or breastmilk of the pregnant or lactating women. For neurodevelopmental performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were measured from a total of 140 toddlers. Among the measured chemicals, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) in maternal urine was significantly associated with early mental, psychomotor, and social development. In addition, breast milk di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite and blood lead concentrations were inversely associated with mental and psychomotor development indices, respectively. Maternal blood PCB153, heavy metals, and urinary MEP levels were also higher among the children with behavioral problems, as indicated by the CBCL range. Taken together, maternal exposure to several EDCs such as PCBs and DEHP was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental performances among the children aged 1–2years. Confirmation of these association in larger populations, as well as longer-term consequences of such exposure warrant further investigation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Prenatal Hg, Pb, BPA, or DEP exposures were associated with neurodevelopmental delay. </LI> <LI> DEHP exposure through lactation showed negative association with mental index. </LI> <LI> Prenatal Hg, DEP, or PCB exposures showed positive associations on CBCL scores. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Sunmi,Lee, Jangwoo,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Cho, Geum Joon,Kim, Gun-Ha,Eun, So-Hee,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Suh, Eunsook,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Young Don,Kim, Su You Elsevier 2017 The Science of the total environment Vol.607 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phthalates are important group of endocrine disruptors. Infants and young children are susceptible to phthalate exposure. However, information on the phthalate exposure during the early stages of life is very limited. This study was conducted to understand the temporal trend of exposure to major phthalates among infants of Korea during the first 15months after birth, and to estimate associated risks. A total of 286 urine samples were collected from 171 children at 3, 9, 12, or 15months of age, with 77 children sampled for two or more times. Four phthalates, i.e., di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were chosen, and their major metabolites were analyzed in the urine. The DEHP metabolites were detected in 100% of the urine samples at relatively higher levels compared to those reported in other countries. The levels of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were generally lower. Urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites, especially DEHP metabolites, increased as children grew older. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) calculated for DEHP metabolites over time were high (0.7–0.8), suggesting persistence of consistent exposure sources during this sensitive period of life. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated from daily intake estimates divided by recommended toxicity thresholds. Among the study population, 4, 16, and 26% of the children showed HI >1 at 9, 12, and 15months of age, respectively. DEHP exposure explained most of the risk estimates. Considering vulnerability of young children to endocrine disruption, efforts to identify sources of exposure and to develop appropriate mitigation options are warranted.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Multiple urines were collected at 3, 9, 12, or 15months of age from 171 children. </LI> <LI> High intra-individual correlation and age-dependent increase were observed. </LI> <LI> Up to 26% of children showed hazard index >1 by exposure to target phthalates. </LI> <LI> Estimated risks are mostly due to the exposure to DEHP and DnBP. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Jin Hee,Park, Hyunkyung,Lee, Jangwoo,Cho, Geumjoon,Choi, Sooran,Choi, Gyuyeon,Kim, Su Young,Eun, So-Hee,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Hai-Joong,Kim, Gun-Ha,Lee, Jeong Jae,Kim, Young Don,Eom, So BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Journal of epidemiology & community health Vol.70 No.5
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Several studies have suggested potential links of phthalates to obesity in children and adults. Limited evidence, however, has been available for the relations between diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and obesity-related markers or body mass change in early life.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>128 healthy pregnant women were recruited and, after delivery, their newborns’ first urine and umbilical cord blood samples were collected. We measured urinary levels of two DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We also measured the levels of leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in cord serum, and used them along with weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index (PI, 100 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) at birth, as obesity-related markers, and estimated the relations between DEHP metabolites and obesity-related markers using generalised linear models. For the evaluation of body mass increase by early life DEHP exposure, body mass index (BMI) z-score change during 3 months after birth by DEHP metabolites in the first urine samples of the newborns were evaluated using logistic regression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>DEHP exposure was associated with decrease of PI and increase of TG (PI, β=−0.11, p=0.070 and TG, β=0.14, p=0.027), especially for boys (PI, β=−0.13, p=0.021; and TG, β=0.19, p=0.025). Moreover, DEHP exposure was positively associated with body mass increase during 3 months after birth (change of BMI z-scores, OR=4.35, p=0.025).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that DEHP exposure may affect body mass change in early life through changes of obesity-related markers.</P>
Kim, Sunmi,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Lee, Duk Hee,Moon, Hyo-Bang,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho American Chemical Society 2015 Environmental science & technology Vol.49 No.13
<P>Exposure to several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to alteration of lipid metabolism. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are hormones that play roles in lipid metabolism, and have been suggested as markers of health effects that may lead to obesity. To date, only serum adipokines have been associated with POPs exposure. In the present study, for the first time, the associations between leptin and adiponectin in breast milk, and several POPs in serum were investigated among 82 lactating Korean women between 25 and 46 years of age. Breast milk adipokines are important because adipokine intake of infant through breastfeeding may influence the growth of infants. The median concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in skimmed milk of the Korean lactating women were 17.9 ng/L and 16.5 μg/L, respectively. Leptin concentrations in breast milk were negatively associated with ∑hexachlorohexane (HCH), oxychlordane, ∑chlordane, or 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB 153) levels in maternal serum. Linear relationships between adiponectin and POPs concentrations were not observed, however, nonmonotonic relationship which showed generally positive associations was suggested for <I>p</I>,<I>p</I>′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and ∑chlordane in quartile analysis. Our observations show that POPs at the current level of exposure may be associated with the alteration of lipid metabolism among lactating women. Implication of adipokine transfer to breastfed infants is of concern and deserves further investigation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2015/esthag.2015.49.issue-13/acs.est.5b00520/production/images/medium/es-2015-00520t_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es5b00520'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
대학생의 아동기 대인간 외상경험과 사회불안의 관계: 경험회피와 정서조절곤란의 이중매개효과
김규연(Gyuyeon Kim),김소빈(Sobin Kim),김영근(Youngkeun Kim) 한국상담학회 2022 상담학연구 Vol.23 No.5
본 연구는 대학생의 아동기 대인간 외상경험과 사회불안의 관계에서 경험회피와 정서조절곤란이 이중매개효과를 가지는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 353명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 수집된 자료를 토대로 결과 분석을 위해 구조방정식 모혐검증을 실시하였고 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상관분석 결과 아동기 대인간 외상, 경험회피, 정서조절곤란, 사회불안은 각각 유의한 상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 매개효과 검증 결과 경험회피와 정서조절곤란은 아동기 대인간 외상과 사회불안의 관계에서 부분 매개효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 경험회피와 정서조절곤란은 대인간 외상과 사회불안의 관계에서 이중매개효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 아동기 대인간 외상을 경험한 대학생들이 경험하는 사회불안을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이며, 실제 상담 장면에서 아동기 대인간 외상을 경험한 대학생들이 호소하는 사회불안에 대한 치료적 개입에 있어 기초적인 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점 및 제한점과 후속연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다. This study investigated whether multidimensional experiential avoidance and emotion dysregulation have a double mediating effect in the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and social anxiety among college students. For this, 353 university students were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed by the structural equation model verification, and the main results of the study were as follows. First, the results of correlational analysis indicated that the relationships among childhood interpersonal trauma, multidimensional experiential avoidance, emotion dysregulation and social anxiety significantly related to each other. Second, as a result of mediation effect verification, multidimensional experiential avoidance and emotion dysregulation partially mediated the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and social anxiety. Third, multidimensional experiential avoidance and emotion dysregulation showed a dual mediating effect in the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and social anxiety. The results of this study will be helpful in understanding social anxiety of college students who have experienced childhood interpersonal trauma, and be able to provide basic data on therapeutic interventions on social anxiety issues appealed by childhood interpersonal trauma clients in actual counseling. Finally, implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.
Lee, Sunggyu,Kim, Sunmi,Park, Jeongim,Kim, Hai-Joong,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Kim, Sungkyoon,Choi, Kyungho,Moon, Hyo-Bang Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.612 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Breastfeeding is an important exposure pathway to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for newborn infants. Nevertheless, reports are limited on the occurrence and time-course of PFASs in breast milk, and most studies have focused on the analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In this study, 16 PFASs were analyzed in breast milk samples (<I>n</I> =293) collected from 128 mothers in Korea during various lactation periods to assess maternal exposure levels, contamination profiles, time-course variations, and infant health risks. The total concentrations of PFASs (ΣPFAS) ranged from 31.7 to 1004 (median: 188) ng/L, which was within the ranges recently reported for Asian and European populations. After a month of nursing, the concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and ΣPFAS significantly increased. This could be due to changes in the dietary and behavior patterns of the mothers after the first month of lactation. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were significantly correlated with maternal age, body mass index, and parity. Certain types of diet (e.g. consuming snacks and milk) and eating-out frequency were significantly associated with increasing levels of PFAS. Significant correlations and similar time-course trends were found between PFASs and PCBs/DDTs, implying similar exposure sources and biokinetics for these contaminants. The estimated daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA via the consumption of breast milk were below the tolerable daily intakes for infants suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PFOS, PFOA, PFUnDA, and PFNA were the predominant compounds in breast milk. </LI> <LI> Concentrations of PFASs were significantly correlated with maternal age, BMI, and parity. </LI> <LI> Increased levels of PFASs were found in breast milk after the first month of nursing. </LI> <LI> Snack consumption and frequency of eating-out were significantly associated with increased PFAS levels. </LI> <LI> The infant exposure levels of PFOS and PFOA via breast milk were lower than the TDI. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>