Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

生體 氣에 대한 波動共鳴的인 연구

류경호,김경철,이용태 대한동의생리학회,대한동의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The present condition of study on the wave-resonance for the bio-KI is observed. And the probroms of reception attendant on the stimulation of wave is observed centering around the sensory organ. The results is as follows: In the wave-resonant stand point, the tendency of studying on KI is showed in the several field all over the world. Because it is originated radionics, the wave-resonant tools of MRA insistenting minute-magnetism-resonance-apparatus need the more severe data in the side of electric circuit. The wave resonance apparatus according to the frequency occurance transmits low-frequency's vibration ratio to the electric stimulating aspect. The wave-water is considered on the application of wave-resonance transcription on the water, and needs the comprehension of torsion-field level. The wave-stimulation of the bio-KI and the reception of the sensory-organ is observed the connection of the sensory-organ and it's corresponding wave. The informations recorded in the wave are distinguished patternly. And the several shaping waves transmit the informations each other through the resonnance. The wave theory is explained the LEE(理) as the wave-pattern and the KI(氣) as the revelation of the patterned-wave in the LEE-KI theory(理氣論), moreover the SHIN(神) as the information of the wave-pattern and the KI as the energy of the wave and the JEUNG(精) as the material of the wave in the JEUNG-KI-SHIN theory(精氣神論). In this point, the study on the wave-resonance of bio-KI is thought that it is significantly in the study method for oriental medicine. The sum of the wave makes the moving body and forms the universe. It means that the several wave patterns gather and form new field. The pattern is a kind of the information and the information is not materially. The information of wave-pattern is the arrangement and the combination of the material source.

외과계 집중치료실에서 입원한 환자에서 APACHE II score의 의의

이영재,이영준,박순태,하우송,정민화,권수인,조영현,권진용,최상경,손신 대한외상학회 1997 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

This study attempts to evaluate the prognostic value of the APACHE II scoring system in patients of surgical intensive care unit(SICU) and to examine its usefullness in stratifying these patients according to their surgical risk and as a potential aid in making rational and objective treatment decision. The records of 161 patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, Gyeong-Sang National University Hospital between Jan. 1991 and Dec. l995 were reviewed. 1) Of a total of 161 patients, 87 were male, 74 were female, and male to female ratio was 1.71: 1. 2) This group was seen most commonly in the age group of 55-64 which occupied 30.3% of entire group. 3) The distribution of patients according to the etiology were 74 patients(46%) in trauma, 61 patients(37%) iin postop-complication, 26 patients(9%) in others. 4) The distribution of patients according to the APACHE II scores was 9 to 29 point in adm. Day and the most patients was located between 10 and 14 of 62 patient(39%). 5) The length of hospitalization was 9 days in survived patients and 8 days in non-survived patients. The length of hospitalization of 77% of patients in this study was below 10 days. 6) The death rate was 45.45%(73 patient), this patients according to APACHE II scores was 13 to 29, median 19.2 in adm. Day, the most patients was located 20 to 24(20%). Non of the survived patients had the APACHE II score of above 20 points, but all recovered patients were below 13 points. 7) The median APACHE II score in survived patients was 10.52 point at adm. Day and 6.55 point at 5 days after admission. And non-survived patients was 20.25 point at adm. Day and 30.48 point 5 days after admission(p$lt;0.001). 8) Among the patients with low APACHE II score (below 14 points), there was no mortality. But, there was mortality with APACHE II score of above l5 points. We conclude that APACHE II scoring system is useful in measuring the severity of acute disease and predicting the outcome.

生體 氣의 波動 刺戟과 受容에 대한 硏究

김경철,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2000 동의한의연구 Vol.4 No.-

파동의 자극에 따른 수용의 문제를 감각기를 중심으로 살펴본 바, 1. 생체 氣의 파동 경계에 따른 자극과 감각기의 수용은 감각기관과 이에 상응하는 波動의 연계로 관찰된다. 2. 파동에 실린 정보는 나름대로의 구별되는 패턴이 있으며, 여러 형태의 파동들이 서로 정보를 전달하는 것은 共??을 통해서 이루어진다. 3. 波動論에는 파동의 패턴을 타고 발현하는 측면과 패턴 그 자체를 말하는 兩面으로 설명된다. 4. 波動의 合이 살아 움직이는 생체를 만들고 우주를 형성하는 것은 여러 가지 파동 패턴들이 모여 구성 요소들 이상의 상승작용을 함으로써, 새로운 場이 생겨남을 의미한다. 패턴이란 일종의 정보라고 할 수 있으며, 정보는 비물질적인 것으로 물질적 근원자의 배열과 조합이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 모든 존재는 파동인 것이며, 아울러 생체 氣에 대한 파동 중심의 氣一元論의 과학적인 연구 방법론이 마련된다고 생각된다. The problems of reception attendent on the stimulation of wave is observed centering around the sensory organ. The results is as follows: 1. The wave-stimulation of the bio-KI and the reception of the sensory-organ is observed the connection of the sensory-organ and it's corresponding wave. 2. The informations recorded in the wave are distinguished patternly. And the several shaping waves transmit the informations each other through the resonnance. 3. The wave theory is explained the LEE(理) as the wave-pattern and the KI(氣) as revelation of the patterned-wave in the LEE-KI theory(理氣論), moreover the SHIN(神) as the information of the wave-pattern and the Kl as the energy of the wave and the JEUNG(精) as the material of the wave in the JEUNG-KI_SHIN theory(精氣神論). In this point, the study on the wave-resonance of bio-Kl is thought that it is significantly in the study method for oriental medicine. 4. The sum of the wave makes the moving body and forms the universe. It means that the several wave patterns gather and form new field. The pattern is a kind of the information and the information is not materially. The information of wave-pattern is the arrangement and the combination of the material source.

氣 發生器에 대한 기초적인 연구 : SY 201을 중심으로

김경철,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1999 동의한의연구 Vol.3 No.-

In order to study of the oriental medical engineering, the Qigong infrasound treatment apparatus is analysed. The result is followed; 1. SY-201 type Qigong infrasound treatment apparatus is composed oscillator, amp, transducer. 2. The Qi production process is analyzed that EM wave changed wave of superlow frequency and penetrated the human body deeply.

영상 분석을 통한 혈액 형태 진단의 기초적인 연구

김경철,최병태,이용태 동의대학교 한의학연구소 1998 동의한의연구 Vol.2 No.-

In order to study the blood condition system, imaging analysis was practiced bascially. The following results were obtained ; 1. The study of the blood condition analysis by imaging is the system composing of the microscope, digital CCD camera, pentium computer MPEG OVERLAY, applications sㆍw and photo inkjet color printer. 2. It is formed the process of the imaging input, storge, reading and analysis.

목련과 수종과 부위에 따른 견직물의 천연염색변이

박재인,연방희,최태호,이은경,임선희,김홍은,조남석,김태동 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2003 農業科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

In order to establish a dyeing method with Magnoliaceae tree species dyeing was examined with 4 different parts, leaf, stem bark, root, flower of 4 Magnohaceae species, Magnolia kobus Dc., Magnolia denudata Desr, Magnolia obovata Thunb, Liriodendron tulipifera L Mordants used were chemicals, AIK(SO_4)_2 24H_2O, Ca(OH)_2, FeSO_4 7H_2O. All four species showed similar coloring among four different parts. Leaves and petals showed dark yellow, stem bark, grayish yellow, root bark, dark red or yellow. Al mordant made more brighter colour than Fe mordant. Stem bark showed less difference in color by mordants, whereas petals did the biggest.

진동에 의한 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 산소전달 특성

김기범,권대규,이삼철,김성종,정인수,오인혁,김기주,변윤섭,정경락 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

본 연구는 급성호흡부전환자를 치료하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 기체전달을 향상시키기 위하여 중공사막에 진동기법을 사용하여 기체전달을 향상시키고자 시도하였다. 그리고 혈관 내 폐 보조장치를 정맥에 삽입하기 전, 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 설계조건을 실험적 모델을 통하여 기체전달을 예측할 수 있는 예측식을 만들고자 하였다. 실험결과, 본 연구에서는 진동기법이 기체전달을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 충진율과 가징 주파수의 함수관계를 이용하여 기체전달을 예측 할 수 있었다. 실험에 의하여 얻어진 결과는 예측식에 의하여 얻어진 결과와 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 충진율과 가진 주파수의 함수를 이용하여 VIVLAD의 기체전달을 예측할 수 있었다. In this paper, we tried to improve gas exchange of the vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD) using vibrating method in the hollow fiber membrane, for the patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). And we tried to formularize prediction equations to make a prediction about gas transfer for designing intravenous artificial lung assist device, and designed modules under various conditions were studied through an experimental modeling before inserted the artificial lung assist device into as venous. As a result, we are convinced that vibration method is very useful for the has transfer increasing. Also, we can estimate the gas transfer as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies. The gas transfer obtained from the experiment was similar to that from the prediction equation, confirming the usefulness prediction equation. Therefore, we can estimate the gas transfer of the VIVLAD as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies.

수평하중에 대한 말뚝 각부의 모멘트 분포

裵鍾淳,金泰鏞,張炳相,李慶源 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper, the behavior of single and pile groups under lateral load are studied through laboratory experiment. Model piles were made of brass pipe with outer diameters of 28.6mm, which are laid in loose, medium, dense sand of zigzag arrangement. The test results are as follows. As the increasing of relative density, the maximum bending moment is increased. The point of maximum bending moment on single pile measured at 5∼8B(diameter of pile) depth from surface, and group piles measured at 5∼l1B. The bending moment obtained by this experiment similiar with the one obtained by the Chang's theory.