Application of rare earth as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with natural dyes

Guang Hong Zheng,Hong Bin Fu,Guang Ping Liu 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.11

Selecting appropriate metallic compounds as mordants is essential for dyeing with natural dyes. This paper presents the application of rare earth compounds as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with four kinds of natural dyes. The influences of pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, and post-mordanting on the dyeing effect were explored. The post-mordanting was proved to give rise to the highest dye uptake. The effects of dyeing conditions including dyeing temperature and time, dyeing bath pH and the concentration of rare earth on the dye uptake were investigated systematically. The fabrics dyed with natural dyes in presence of rare earth as mordant exhibited high color shade stability in the baths with pH varying from being acidic to neutral and alkaline. Employing rare earth as mordant apparently raised the color fastness to washing, rubbing and light of the ramie fabrics dyed with the natural extracts. In comparison with the commonly used metallic salts, using rare earth chlorides as mordants can greatly reduce the ionic concentration employed in natural dyeing. This study proved that rare earth would be a kind or promising environmentally friendly mordant in natural dyeing.

Inhaled Formaldehyde Induces Bone Marrow Toxicity via Oxidative Stress in Exposed Mice

Yu, Guang-Yan,Song, Xiang-Fu,Liu, Ying,Sun, Zhi-Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Formaldehyde (FA) is an economically important chemical, and has been found to cause various types of toxic damage to the body. Formaldehyde-induced toxic damage involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger subsequent toxic effects and inflammatory responses, which may increase risk of cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible toxic mechanism in bone marrow caused by formaldehyde. In accordance with the principle of randomization, the mice were divided into four groups of 6 mice per group. One group was exposed to ambient air and the other three groups were exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde (20, 40, $80mg/m^3$) for 15 days in the respective inhalation chambers, 2h a day. At the end of the 15-day experimental period, all mice were killed. Bone marrow cells were obtained. Some of those were used for the determination of blood cell numbers, bone marrow karyote numbers, CFU-F, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; others were used for the determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle and Bcl-2, Bax, CytC protein expression. WBC and PLT numbers in median and high dose groups were obvious reduced, but there was no change on RBC numbers. There was also reduced numbers of bone marrow karyotes and CFU-F in the high dose group. SOD activity was decreased, but MDA content was increased. MMP and Bcl-2 expression were decreased with increasing formaldehyde concentration, while expression of Bax and Cyt C was increased. We also observed change in cell cycling, and found that there was S phase arrest in the high dose group. Our study suggested that a certain concentration of formaldehyde could have toxic effects on the hematopoietic system, with oxidative stress as a critical effect.

Hydroxydibenzoylmethane induces apoptosis through repressing ornithine decarboxylase in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells

Ming-Fu Wang,Guang-Yaw Liu,Ya-Fan Liao,Ying-Cheng Hung,Chih-Li Lin,Tzyh-Chyuan Hour,Ko-Huang Lue,Hui-Chih Hung 생화학분자생물학회 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.4

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and a target for chemoprevention. Hydroxydibenzoylmethane (HDB),a derivative of dibenzoylmethane of licorice, is a promising chemopreventive agent. In this paper, we investigated whether HDB would inhibit the ODC pathway to enhance apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. We found ODC enzyme activity was reduced during HDB treatment. Overexpression of ODC in HL-60 parental cells could reduce HDB-induced apoptosis, which leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), through lessening intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ODC overexpression protected cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3 following HDB treatment. The results demonstrated HDB-induced apoptosis was through a mechanism of down-regulation of ODC and occurred along a ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Hydroxydibenzoylmethane induces apoptosis through repressing ornithine decarboxylase in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells

Wang, Ming-Fu,Liao, Ya-Fan,Hung, Ying-Cheng,Lin, Chih-Li,Hour, Tzyh-Chyuan,Lue, Ko-Huang,Hung, Hui-Chih,Liu, Guang-Yaw Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.4

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and a target for chemoprevention. Hydroxydibenzoylmethane (HDB), a derivative of dibenzoylmethane of licorice, is a promising chemopreventive agent. In this paper, we investigated whether HDB would inhibit the ODC pathway to enhance apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. We found ODC enzyme activity was reduced during HDB treatment. Overexpression of ODC in HL-60 parental cells could reduce HDB-induced apoptosis, which leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}_m$), through lessening intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ODC overexpression protected cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3 following HDB treatment. The results demonstrated HDB-induced apoptosis was through a mechanism of down-regulation of ODC and occurred along a ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated pathway.

A Highly Active Alpha Amylase from Bacillus Licheniformis: Directed Evolution, Enzyme Characterization and Structural Analysis

( Yi Han Liu ),( Shu Ai Fan ),( Xiao Guang Liu ),( Zhi Meng Zhang ),( Jian Ling Wang ),( Zheng Xiang Wang ),( Fu Ping Lu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.7

The stability of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) under acid condition was enhanced through direct evolution using the error-prone polymerase chain reaction. One beneficial mutation site, H281I, was obtained in BLA. The specific activity of H281I was 161/352 U/mg, which was 62.6/27.5% higher than that of the wild-type (WT) (99/276 U/mg) at pH 4.5/6.5 and 95°C. The pH optimum for H281I was decreased about 1 unit, whereas no significant changes of optimum temperature and thermostability were observed compared with the wild type (WT). The kcat/Km value of H281I was 1.7-/1.4-fold higher at pH 4.5/6.5, respectively, than that of WT. The structure model analysis indicated that the H281I mutation altered the predicted interaction between the amino acid residues at 281 and 273, thus creating a conducive local environment for substrate binding, as reflected by its decreased Km, and consequently increased the specific activity.

Implementation of SHM system for Hangzhou East Railway Station using a wireless sensor network

Yanbin Shen,Wenwei Fu,Yaozhi Luo,Chung Bang Yun,Dun Liu,Pengcheng Yang,Guang Yang,Guangen Zhou 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.27 No.1

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is facilitated by new technologies that involve wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main benefits of WSNs are that they are distributed, are inexpensive to install, and manage data effectively via remote control. In this paper, a wireless SHM system for the steel structure of Hangzhou East Railway Station in China is developed, since the state of the structural life cycle is highly complicated and the accompanying internal force redistribution is not known. The monitoring system uses multitype sensors, which include stress, acceleration, wind load, and temperature sensors, as the measurement components for the structural features, construction procedure, and on-site environment. The sensor nodes communicate with each other via a flexible tree-type network. The system that consists of 323 sensors is designed for the structure, and the data acquisition process will continue throughout its whole life cycle. First, a full-scale application of SHM using a WSN is described in details. Then, it focuses on engineering practice and data analysis. The current customized WSN has been demonstrated to have satisfactory durability and strong robustness; hence, it well satisfies the requirements for multi-type sensors to operate in a large area. The data analysis results demonstrate that the effects of the construction process and the environment on the super-large-scale structure have been captured accurately. Those effects include the stress variation throughout the construction process, the dynamic responses that are caused by passing trains, the strain variation caused by temperature change over the long term, and the delay in the wind-pressure history.

Toward Full Spectrum Speciation of Silver Nanoparticles and Ionic Silver by On-Line Coupling of Hollow Fiber Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Minicolumn Concentration with Multiple Detectors

Tan, Zhi-Qiang,Liu, Jing-Fu,Guo, Xiao-Ru,Yin, Yong-Guang,Byeon, Seul Kee,Moon, Myeong Hee,Jiang, Gui-Bin American Chemical Society 2015 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.87 No.16

<P>The intertransformation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag(I)) in the environment determines their transport, uptake, and toxicity, demanding methods to simultaneously separate and quantify AgNPs and Ag(I). For the first time, hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF5) and minicolumn concentration were on-line coupled together with multiple detectors (including UV–vis spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for full spectrum separation, characterization, and quantification of various Ag(I) species (<I>i.e</I>., free Ag(I), weak and strong Ag(I) complexes) and differently sized AgNPs. While HF5 was employed for filtration and fractionation of AgNPs (>2 nm), the minicolumn packed with Amberlite IR120 resin functioned to trap free Ag(I) or weak Ag(I) complexes coming from the radial flow of HF5 together with the strong Ag(I) complexes and tiny AgNPs (<2 nm), which were further discriminated in a second run of focusing by oxidizing >90% of tiny AgNPs to free Ag(I) and trapped in the minicolumn. The excellent performance was verified by the good agreement of the characterization results of AgNPs determined by this method with that by transmission electron microscopy, and the satisfactory recoveries (70.7–108%) for seven Ag species, including Ag(I), the adduct of Ag(I) and cysteine, and five AgNPs with nominal diameters of 1.4 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, and 60 nm in surface water samples.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2015/ancham.2015.87.issue-16/acs.analchem.5b01827/production/images/medium/ac-2015-01827q_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac5b01827'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Regeneration and Recycling of Waste Thermosetting Plastics based on Mechanical Thermal Coupling Fields

Zhong-Wei Wu,Shaobo Pan,Guang-Fu Liu,Shou-Xu Song 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

In view of the present situation that the recovery of waste thermosetting plastics and products is difficult and the utilization rate islow, regeneration mechanism, regeneration methods and recycling process of waste thermosetting plastics under mechanical thermalcoupling fields are proposed. Regeneration powders of Thermosetting Phenolic plastic are obtained by mechanochemical activatedregeneration methods, the molecular structure, properties and crosslink density of phenol regeneration materials are analyzed. Analysis results show that network crosslinked molecular structure was destroyed, reactive groups produced and the crosslink densitydecreased. The activity of regeneration powders was reinforced and its plasticity was also improving, so the utilization rate wasimproved. Regeneration composite plastics were manufactured by hot press molding or extrusion compression molding. Themicrostructure of regeneration composite plastics was analyzed, and its mechanical strength was tested. Results showed that thetensile strength and bending strength of samples (weight ratio ≥ 50%) respectively exceed 15.88 MPa and 33.49 MPa. At last processparameters for regeneration effects were discussed, and these parameters were optimized. When particle size was 80 mesh (size ≤ 0.18mm), quality proportion was 50~70%, pressure was 10Mpa, heating temperature was 180~190oC, the optimal effects for regeneratedcomposite were achieved.

Genetic Variants at 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 Identified by GWASs of Multiple Cancers and Ovarian Cancer Risk: a Case-control Study in Han Chinese Women

Li, Da-Ke,Han, Jing,Liu, Ji-Bin,Jin, Guang-Fu,Qu, Jun-Wei,Zhu, Meng,Wang, Yan-Ru,Jiang, Jie,Ma, Hong-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

A recent study summarized several published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of cancer and reported two pleiotropic loci at 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 contributing to multiple cancers including lung cancer, noncardia gastric cancer (NCGC), and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Han Chinese. However, it is not known whether such genetic variants have similar effects on the risk of gynecologic cancers, such as ovarian cancer. Hence, we explored associations between genetic variants in 6p21.1 and 7p15.3 and ovarian cancer risk in Han Chinese women. We performed an independent case-control study by genotyping the two loci (rs2494938 A > G at 6p21.1 and rs2285947 A > G at 7p15.3) in a total of 377 ovarian cancer cases and 1,034 cancer-free controls using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. We found that rs2285947 at 7p15.3 was significantly associated with risk of ovarian cancer with per allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.64, P=0.008]. However, no significant association was observed between rs2494938 and ovarian cancer risk. Our results showed that rs2285947 at 7p15.3 may also contribute to the development of ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women, further suggesting pleiotropy of 7p15.3 in multiple cancers.

Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Thermostable Xylanase from a Novel Strain, Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1

( Hong Chen Zheng ),( Yi Han Liu ),( Xiao Guang Liu ),( Jian Ling Wang ),( Ying Han ),( Fu Ping Lu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.7

High levels of xylanase activity (143.98 IU/ml) produced by the newly isolated Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 were detected when it was cultivated in a synthetic medium. A thermostable xylanase, designated XynG1-1, from P. campinasensis G1-1 was purified to homogeneity by Octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, Sephadex G75 gel-filter chromatography, and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, consecutively. By multistep purification, the specific activity of XynG1-1 was up to 1,865.5 IU/mg with a 9.1-fold purification. The molecular mass of purified XynG1-1 was about 41.3 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Sequence analysis revealed that XynG1-1 containing 377 amino acids encoded by 1,134 bp genomic sequences of P. campinasensis G1-1 shared 96% homology with XylX from Paenibacillus campinasensis BL11 and 77%~78% homology with xylanases from Bacillus sp. YA- 335 and Bacillus sp. 41M-1, respectively. The activity of XynG1-1 was stimulated by Ca2+, Ba2+, DTT, and β- mercaptoethanol, but was inhibited by Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, SDS, and EDTA. The purified XynG1-1 displayed a greater affinity for birchwood xylan, with an optimal temperature of 60oC and an optimal pH of 7.5. The fact that XynG1-1 is cellulose-free, thermostable (stability at high temperature of 70oC~80oC), and active over a wide pH range (pH 5.0~9.0) suggests that the enzyme is potentially valuable for various industrial applications, especially for pulp bleaching pretreatment.