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Inverted fireball deposition of carbon films with extremely low surface roughness
J. Gruenwald,G. Eichenhofer,G. Filipi?,?. Federl,W. Feuchtenberger,K. Panos,G. Hern?ndez Rodr?guez,A. M. Coclite 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.1
The surface of carbon films deposited with inverted plasma fireballs is analysed in this paper. Measurements were conducted with Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. The latter was used to obtain Young’s modulus as well as Martens and Vickers hardness. The roughness of the film was measured by atomic force microscopy and its thickness was measured. It was shown with Raman spectroscopy that the films are homogeneous in terms of atomic composition and layer thickness over an area of about 125 × 125 mm. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that inverted plasma fireballs are a viable tool for obtaining homogeneous, large area carbon films with rapid growth and very little energy consumption. The obtained films show very low roughness.
Penile Low-Intensity Shock Wave Therapy: A Promising Novel Modality for Erectile Dysfunction
Yasmin Abu-Ghanem,Noam D. Kitrey,Ilan Gruenwald,Boaz Appel,Yoram Vardi 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.5
Penile extracorporeal low-intensity shock wave therapy (LIST) to the penis has recently emerged as a novel and promising modality in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). LIST has angiogenic properties and stimulates neovascularization. If applied to the corpora cavernosa, LIST can improve penile blood flow and endothelial function. In a series of clinical trials, including randomized double-blind sham-controlled studies, LIST has been shown to have a substantial effect on penile hemodynamics and erectile function in patients with vasculogenic ED. LIST is effective in patients who are responsive to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and can also convert PDE5i nonresponders to responders. The response to LIST wanes gradually over time, and after 2 years, about half of the patients maintain their function. Extensive research is needed to understand the effect of LIST on erectile tissue, to modify the treatment protocol to maximize its outcomes, and to identify the patients who will benefit the most from this treatment.