A novel pectoral muscle segmentation from scanned mammograms using EMO algorithm

Santhos Kumar Avuti,Varun Bajaj,Anil Kumar,Girish Kumar Singh 대한의용생체공학회 2019 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.9 No.4

Mammogram images are majorly used for detecting the breast cancer. The level of positivity of breast cancer is detected afterexcluding the pectoral muscle from mammogram images. Hence, it is very signifi cant to identify and segment the pectoralmuscle from the mammographic images. In this work, a new multilevel thresholding, on the basis of electro-magnetismoptimization (EMO) technique, is proposed. The EMO works on the principle of attractive and repulsive forces among thecharges to develop the members of a population. Here, both Kapur’s and Otsu based cost functions are employed with EMOseparately. These standard functions are executed over the EMO operator till the best solution is achieved. Thus, optimalthreshold levels can be identifi ed for the considered mammographic image. The proposed methodology is applied on all thethree twenty-two mammogram images available in mammographic image analysis society dataset, and successful segmentationof the pectoral muscle is achieved for majority of the mammogram images. Hence, the proposed algorithm is found tobe robust for variations in the pectoral muscle.

Analysis and Testing of PSO Variants through Application in EEG/ERP Adaptive Filtering Approach

Mitul Kumar Ahirwal,Anil Kumar,Girish Kumar Singh 대한의용생체공학회 2012 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.2 No.3

Introduction An improved method for adaptive noise canceller (ANC) is proposed for electroencephalography (EEG)/ event related potential (ERP) filtering in case of EEG self interference. ANC is implemented through five versions of Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Methods A comparative study of the performance of PSO and its different versions such as constant weighted inertia PSO (CWI PSO), linear decay inertia PSO (LDI-PSO),constriction factors inertia PSO (CFI-PSO), nonlinear inertia PSO (NLI-PSO), and dynamic inertia PSO (DI-PSO) has been done. Fidelity parameters like signal to noise ratio (SNR) in dB, correlation between resultant and template ERP, and mean square error (MSE) are observed with varying range of particles and inertia weights. Results In this the results of two data sets, simulated ERP and real visual evoked potential (VEP) are compared. Fidelity parameters as well as quality (shape) of extracted ERP are determined with Kurtosis and skewness measures. Conclusions From the simulation results and comparative studies, it is found that that NLI and LDI version of PSO are most suitable for ANC for ERP filtering.

Melanization plasticity of Drosophila kikkawai, Drosophila leontia and reciprocal hybrids under different temperatures

Singh Divya,Ramniwas Seema,Tyagi Pankaj Kumar,Kumar Girish,Gola Deepak 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.1

Drosophila (Sophophora) kikkawai, Burla, 1954 and Drosophila (Sophophora) leontia, Tsacas & David 1978 are closely related sibling species, the former being cosmopolitan and the latter is restricted to tropical localities. We investigated the influence of introgressive hybridization on phenotypic diversity of the two sibling species in the present study. How hybridization supports the relative abundance of pure species according to latitudinal cline is the aim of this study because hybrids show a tendency to acquire geographical location of their parent species in equal or greater abundance. How hybridization supports the plasticity for melanization of hybrids is not explored yet. The two species can cross and generate hybrids. For this, we crossed true breeding strains of both species to obtain the hybrids i.e. dark female (♀) of D. kikkawai (D. k) with males (♂) of D. leontia (D. l) in cross I and light ♀ of D. k with ♂ of D. l in cross II along with their reciprocal crosses. Finally, we studied the plasticity of both species and their hybrids at 6 growth temperatures (14, 17, 21, 25, 28 and 31 ◦ C). We found that there is no plasticity for melanization in true breeding darker and lighter strain of D. kikkawai as well as D. leontia whereas hybrids of both species showed high phenotypic plasticity. Significant differences in slope values across tem peratures in parental and hybrid lines suggest plastic effects. Phenotypic variation in abdominal melanization in hybrids can be interpreted as a result of gene introgression with D. kikkawai. We conclude that introgressive hybridization might be an important, although underestimated, mechanism shaping species distribution and adaptation.

Impact of InGaN notch on sensitivity in dielectric modulated dual channel GaN MOSHEMT for label-free biosensing

Mishra Girish Shankar,Mohankumar N.,Singh Sankalp Kumar 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.49 No.-

The effect of InGaN notch on sensitivity and Dielectric Modulated (DM) Double Heterojunction (DH) dual channel AlGaN/GaN/InGaN/GaN MOSHEMT (Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor) for detecting the label-free biomolecules has been investigated in this paper. Biomolecules can be inserted into the nanocavity formed by etching the insulating layer under the gate electrode. The insulator (Al2O3) as a dielectric improves the drive current and device sensitivity because of low leakage and high scalability. In this proposed structure, the presence of InGaN notch increases the carrier confinement in the channel, thereby improving the device sensitivity. The device is simulated using Sentaurus TCAD, and the results show a significant increase in drain current (IDS), up to 3.35 A/mm. The optimization of the device parameters exhibits a high sensitivity (~74%), making it suitable for precise label-free biosensing.

Impact of urbanization and temperature on local abundance of Drosophila repleta Wollaston (1858) in the Western Himalayas

Ramniwas Seema,Kumar Girish,Pandey Manish,Singh Divya 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

With rising global temperatures and expanding urbanization, rapid species abundance shifts and local extinctions may occur. We have observed a notable increase in the local population of Drosophila repleta, a species adapted to warmer environments, which was never documented at higher altitudes in the Western Himalayas before 2003. This change can be attributed to the recent acceleration of urbanization and the effects of climate change. To understand the species’ response to temperature variations, we conducted a comparison of life-history traits at two different temperatures: 17 ◦ C and 25 ◦ C. These temperatures were chosen to simulate the variations expe rienced in 2003 and 2017, respectively. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in trait values at 17 ◦ C, indicating a lower evolutionary capacity for adapting to colder and drier habitats. Additionally, we simulta neously examined the performance of life-history traits in response to different food resources, which corre sponded to the levels of urbanization (carbohydrate-rich vs. protein-rich). The results showed a significant increase in fecundity, viability, and the percentage of adult emergence in flies reared on protein-rich food. This suggests that D. repleta possesses the ability to survive by utilizing the available food resources in the newly urbanized habitats. Considering the projected rise in global temperatures and further urbanization in the near future, D. repleta is likely to become even more abundant in urban environments. However, this could potentially pose a health risk due to the species’ ability to transmit disease-causing organisms.

Arbitrary Processor Network Scheduling Algorithms in Parallel Computing

Shobhit Gupta,Ranjit Rajak,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.3

Task scheduling in parallel computing is represented by a directed acyclic graph, and it is called multiprocessor task scheduling. The primary objective of task scheduling algorithm is to minimize the total execution time i.e. scheduling length. There are various types of task scheduling algorithms: Bound Number of Processor Scheduling, and Arbitrary Processor Network Scheduling Algorithms. Bound Number of Processor Scheduling algorithms are used for limited number of processors; since it does not use task duplication, link contention, and routing strategy for communication. But Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms are considered for link contention routing strategy in communication. It uses arbitrary network topology. In this paper, we have studied different Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms: Mapping Heuristic, Dynamic Level Scheduling, Bottom Up, and Bubble Scheduling and Allocation. The primary objective of this survey paper is to explain various Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms and their functionality, priority attributes, and time complexity. The performance metrics can also be used for comparison of different Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms.

Review of Task Duplication Based (TDB) Scheduling Algorithms

Shobhit Gupta,Ranjit Rajak,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.1

Task scheduling is a well-known NP-complete problem. It is one of the research areas in parallel computing. Task scheduling consists of an application program and a set of processors for allocating the various tasks. An application program is represented using a directed acyclic graph(DAG) and a set of processors that are homogenous and fully connected. In this paper, we study different task duplication-based (TDB) scheduling algorithms and their priority attributes and time complexity. Also, we will discuss different types of performance metrics in task scheduling algorithms. These performance metrics help to analyze different task scheduling algorithms.

A Novel Approach for Task Scheduling in Parallel Computing using Priority Attributes

Ranjit Rajak,Shobhit Gupta,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.4

The major objective of any task-scheduling algorithm in parallel computing is to minimize the overall scheduling length. In this research paper, we present a task-scheduling algorithm in parallel computing called the Critical Path and b-level Based Task Scheduling algorithm. This algorithm is based on a new attribute, which is called the CPB attribute, which is based on two well-known priority attributes: Critical Path and B-Level. This algorithm uses entry tasks as duplicates in all of the available processors. The major objective of any task-scheduling algorithm is to minimize the overall scheduling length. Here, an application program in task scheduling is represented by a directed acyclic graph. We consider all processors to be homogenous in nature and fully connected. The Critical Path and b-level Based Task Scheduling algorithm gives a minimum scheduling length when compared to heuristic task-scheduling algorithms like the HLFET, MCP, DLS, and ETF. We have also done an analysis of the proposed algorithm and heuristic algorithms based on other priority attributes: Speedup, Efficiency, Scheduling Length Ratio, Load Balancing, and Cost.

Physiological variations in the autonomic responses may be related to the constitutional types defined in Ayurveda

Sunil Buchiramulu Rapolu,Manoj Kumar,Girish Singh,Kishor Patwardhan 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 TANG Vol.5 No.1

According to Ayurveda, an individual can be classified into any one of the seven constitutional types (Prakriti) depending on the dominance of one, two, or three Doshas. A ‘Dosha’ is representative of fundamental mechanisms that are responsible for homeostasis, and thus, to health. In the recent years, there have been several efforts to see whether certain physiological, haematological or biochemical parameters have any relationship with the constitutional types or not. The objective of the present study was to see if the results of autonomic function tests vary according to Prakriti of an individual. We conducted this study in clinically healthy volunteers of both the gender belonging to the age group of 17 to 35 years after obtaining their written consent. The Prakriti of these volunteers was assessed on the basis of a validated questionnaire and also by traditional method of interviewing. After confirming that the primary Dosha ascertained by both these methods matched, 106 volunteers were grouped into three on the basis of primary Dosha and were subjected to various autonomic function tests such as cold pressor test, standing-to-lying ratio, Valsalva ratio and pupillary responses such as pupil cycle time and pupil size measurement in light and dark. The results suggest that, the autonomic function tests in the healthy individuals may correlate linearly with the primary Dosha expressed in an individual. In particular, people with Kapha as the most dominant Dosha showed a tendency to have either a higher parasympathetic activity or a lower sympathetic activity with respect to their cardiovascular reactivity in comparison to the individuals with Pitta or Vata as the most dominant Dosha.

A comprehensive review on nano-molybdenum disulfide/DNA interfaces as emerging biosensing platforms

Kukkar, Manil,Mohanta, Girish C.,Tuteja, Satish K.,Kumar, Parveen,Bhadwal, Akhshay Singh,Samaddar, Pallabi,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Deep, Akash Elsevier 2018 Biosensors & Bioelectronics Vol.107 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The development of nucleic acid-based portable platforms for the real-time analysis of diseases has attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest. Recently, 2D layered molybdenum sulfide (2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> from here on) nanosheets have shown great potential for the development of next-generation platforms for efficient signal transduction. Through combination with DNA as a biorecognition medium, MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructures have opened new opportunities to design and construct highly sensitive, specific, and commercially viable sensing devices. The use of specific short ssDNA sequences like aptamers has been proven to bind well with the unique transduction properties of 2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets to realize aptasensing devices. Such sensors can be operated on the principles of fluorescence, electro-cheumuluminescence, and electrochemistry with many advantageous features (e.g., robust biointerfacing through various conjugation chemistries, facile sensor assembly, high stability with regard to temperature/pH, and high affinity to target). This review encompasses the state of the art information on various design tactics and working principles of MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/DNA sensor technology which is emerging as one of the most sought-after and valuable fields with the advent of nucleic acid inspired devices. To help achieve a new milestone in biosensing applications, great potential of this emerging technique is described further with regard to sensitivity, specificity, operational convenience, and versatility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In this review, an outlook of 2-D nanomaterial inspired biosensors is described. </LI> <LI> This article focused on MoS<SUB>2</SUB>-DNA/aptamer biosensors and their practical applications. </LI> <LI> 2-D MoS<SUB>2</SUB>-DNA interfaces are recognized as the next-generation biosensors. </LI> </UL> </P>