microRNAs in Mycobacterial Infection: Modulation of Host Immune Response and Apoptotic Pathways

Riddhi Girdhar Agarwal,Praveen Sharma,Kishan Kumar Nyati 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.5

Our current knowledge of mycobacterial infections in humans has progressively increased over the past few decades. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB) disease, which has reasoned for excessive morbidity and mortality worldwide, and has become a foremost issue of health problem globally. Mycobacterium leprae, another member of the family Mycobacteriaceae, is responsible for causing a chronic disease known as leprosy that mainly affects mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, skin, peripheral nerves, and eyes. Ample amount of existing data suggests that pathogenic mycobacteria have skilled in utilizing different mechanisms to escape or offset the host immune responses. They hijack the machinery of immune cells through the modulation of microRNAs (miRs), which regulate gene expression and immune responses of the host. Evidence shows that miRs have now gained considerable attention in the research, owing to their involvement in a broad range of inflammatory processes that are further implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, the knowledge of functions of miRs during mycobacterial infections remains limited. This review summarises recent findings of differential expression of miRs, which are used to good advantage by mycobacteria in offsetting host immune responses generated against them.

Multifactor Authentication Using a QR Code and a One-Time Password

Malik, Jyoti,Girdhar, Dhiraj,Dahiya, Ratna,Sainarayanan, G. Korea Information Processing Society 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.3

In today's world, communication, the sharing of information, and money transactions are all possible to conduct via the Internet, but it is important that it these things are done by the actual person. It is possible via several means that an intruder can access user information. As such, several precautionary measures have to be taken to avoid such instances. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the idea of a one-time password (OTP), which makes unauthorized access difficult for unauthorized users. A OTP can be implemented using smart cards, time-based tokens, and short message service, but hardware based methodologies require maintenance costs and can be misplaced Therefore, the quick response code technique and personal assurance message has been added along with the OTP authentication.

Formation of intermediate band and low recombination rate in ZnO-BiVO4 heterostructured photocatalyst: Investigation based on experimental and theoretical studies

Sonal Singh,Rishabh Sharma,Girdhar Joshi,Jitendra Kumar Pandey 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.2

We present systematic investigations on the relationship between interface formation and enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO-BiVO4 nanocomposite based on experimental techniques supported by theoretical calculations. The interaction between ZnO (101) nanosheet and BiVO4 surface at the heterojunction was explored to study the charge transfer and separation mechanism responsible for enhanced photocatalytic response. XPS results and DFT computations mutually validate the reasonable existence of ZnO-BiVO4 interface. The nanocomposite photocatalytic activity, tested for various weight ratios, was found to be highest for ZnO-BiVO4 (1 : 1) under visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the percentage removal of MB was found to be greater than RhB for the same time duration. Steady state and time resolve photoluminescence were employed to understand the carrier lifetime and emissivity. Visible light driven high photoactivity exhibited by ZnO-BiVO4 (1 : 1) was ascribed to the formation of intermediate band and comparatively low recombination rate, which facilitates the separation of electron-hole pairs. Based on the theoretical outcome, we found that valence band maximum was occupied by Bi s orbital and conduction band minimum was occupied by Zn s orbital, which indicates the maximum electron transition from BiVO4 valence band to ZnO conduction band in ZnO-BiVO4 composite. These results demonstrated that heterojunction semiconductors are an effective strategy that can be successfully applied to develop photocatalysts that respond to visible light for organic pollutant degradation.

Multifactor Authentication Using a QR Code and a One-Time Password

( Jyoti Malik ),( Dhiraj Girdhar ),( Ratna Dahiya ),( G. Sainarayanan ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.3

In today``s world, communication, the sharing of information, and money transactions are all possible to conduct via the Internet, but it is important that it these things are done by the actual person. It is possible via several means that an intruder can access user information. As such, several precautionary measures have to be taken to avoid such instances. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the idea of a one-time password (OTP), which makes unauthorized access difficult for unauthorized users. A OTP can be implemented using smart cards, time-based tokens, and short message service, but hardware based methodologies require maintenance costs and can be misplaced Therefore, the quick response code technique and personal assurance message has been added along with the OTP authentication.

C-Shaped Canals: A Review

Meenu Singla,Divyam Girdhar,Haryana, India 대한예방치과학회 2019 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.15 No.1

C-shaped canal configuration is a variation that has a racial predilection and is commonly seen in mandibular second molars. The intricacies present in this variation of canal morphology can pose a challenge to the clinician during negotiation, debridement and obturation knowledge of the C-shaped canal configuration is essential to achieve success in endodontic therapy. Radiographic and clinical diagnosis can aid in identification and negotiation of the fan-shaped areas and intricacies of the C-shaped anatomy. Effective management of this anomalous canal configuration can be achieved with rotary and hand instrumentation assisted with sonics and ultrasonics. Modifications in the obturation techniques will ensure a 3-dimensional fill of the canal system and chamber retained restorations like amalgam or composites, serve as satisfactory post endodontic restorations.

High Affinity Pharmacological Profiling of Dual Inhibitors Targeting RET and VEGFR2 in Inhibition of Kinase and Angiogeneis Events in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Dunna, Nageswara Rao,Kandula, Venkatesh,Girdhar, Amandeep,Pudutha, Amareshwari,Hussain, Tajamul,Bandaru, Srinivas,Nayarisseri, Anuraj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Clinical evidence shows that dual inhibition of kinases as well angiogenesis provides ideal therapeutic option in the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) than inhibiting either of these with the events separately. Although treatment with dual inhibitors has shown good clinical responses in patients with MTC, it has been associated with serious side effects. Some inhibitors are active agents for both angiogenesis or kinase activity. Owing to narrow therapeutic window of established inhibitors, the present study aims to identify high affinity dual inhibitors targeting RET and VEGFR2 respectively for kinase and angiogenesis activity. Established inhibitors like Vandetanib, Cabozantinib, Motesanib, PP121, RAF265 and Sunitinib served as query parent compounds for identification of structurally similar compounds by Tanimoto-based similarity searching with a threshold of 95% against the PubChem database. All the parent inhibitors and respective similar compounds were docked against RET and VEGFR2 in order to retrieve high affinity compounds with these two proteins. AGN-PC-0CUK9P PubCID: 59320403 a compound related to PPI21 showed almost equal affinity for RET and VEGFR2 and unlike other screened compounds with no apparent bias for either of the receptors. Further, AGNPC- 0CUK9P demonstrated appreciable interaction with both RET and VEGFR2 and superior kinase activity in addition to showed optimal ADMET properties and pharmacophore features. From our in silico investigation we suggest AGN-PC-0CUK9P as a superior dual inhibitor targeting RET and VEGFR2 with high efficacy which should be proposed for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies for improved treatment of MTC.

Predicting trifecta outcomes after robot-assisted nephron-sparing surgery: Beyond the nephrometry score

Aditya P. Sharma,Ravimohan S. Mavuduru,Girdhar S. Bora,Sudheer K. Devana,Shrawan K. Singh,Arup K. Mandal 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.5

Purpose: RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) was devised for deciding the approach for renal tumors. It is increasingly used in predicting perioperative outcomes with variable results. The actual difficulty encountered during surgery depends on a number of other variables. The main purpose of this prospective study was to identify these variables which are not addressed by current RNS. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients undergoing robotic nephron sparing surgery from January 2015 onward were included. RNS was calculated from the imaging. Operating surgeon rated each surgery on a Likert scale of 0–4 after the completion of the procedure. The questionnaire was pre-validated in 5 cases before administration. The correlation between the surgeon rating and RNS with perioperative parameters and trifecta outcomes were calculated. Results: Forty-seven percent surgeries were rated easy, and 53.0% were rated as difficult. Surgeries for hilar, posterior location and presence of supernumerary vessels were found to be the a cause of difficulty. Trifecta outcomes were achieved in 37/49 patients (75.5%). The mean rating was 2.580±0.900 in trifecta negative patients while it was 1.410±0.832 in trifecta positive patient (p<0.0001). Surgeon's rating correlated positively with trifecta outcomes (likelihood ratio=15.75, p=0.006). Conclusions: The RNS remained a useful tool for determining renal tumor complexity. The intraoperative difficulty faced by the surgeon can be rated which can better predict perioperative trifecta outcomes. A useful predicting tool can be developed using the two parameters (RNS and surgeon rated difficulty).

Robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in L-shaped fused crossed ectopia: Surgical challenge

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Siddharth Jain,Girdhar Singh Bora,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.10

Renal cell carcinoma associated with fused ectopic kidneys has rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report the first case of robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in an L-shaped fused ectopic kidney. The present case report highlights the importance of three-dimensional vision and enhanced maneuverability with the EndoWrist technology of the robotic surgical system for precise dissection. This report also highlights the importance of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography with three-dimensional arterial reconstruction for surgical planning.

Digitizing the direct laryngoscopy experience: the economic way!!

Neha Hasija,Suniti Kale,Kiran Kumar Girdhar 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.6

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Cdt1 transgenic mice develop lymphoblastic lymphoma in the absence of p53

Seo, Junghee,Chung, Yun S,Sharma, Girdhar G,Moon, Eunpyo,Burack, Walter R,Pandita, Tej K,Choi, Kyunghee Nature Publishing Group 2005 Oncogene Vol.24 No.55

The exact duplication of chromosomal DNA during each cell cycle ensures the correct inheritance of genetic material from mother to daughter cells. In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication can occur only when the origin of DNA replication is accurately marked by a group of proteins termed licensing proteins. One such protein is Cdt1, which is recruited first to the origin of DNA replication followed by cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6) and mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (Mcms). We previously reported that NIH3T3 cells overexpressing Cdt1 readily formed tumors in mice. To further investigate its oncogenic mechanism, we generated transgenic mice expressing Cdt1 in thymocytes. Our studies demonstrated that T-cell-directed Cdt1 transgenic mice showed normal T-cell development. However, such transgenic mice developed thymic lymphoblastic lymphoma when crossed with p53 null mice. Furthermore, tumor cells derived from NIH3T3 cells overexpressing Cdt1 displayed numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations in the form of ploidy, double minutes, translocation, inversion, chromosome end-to-end fusion and robertsonian mutation. Collectively, our studies suggest that Cdt1 overexpression most likely contributes to tumorigenecity by causing genomic instability.Oncogene (2005) 24, 8176–8186. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208881; published online 31 October 2005