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Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Li, Cheng Hao,Kil, Hyun-Young,Kim, Na-Young,Lim, Jung-Dae,Kim, Jae-Kwang,Kim, Myong-Jo,Chung, Ill-Min,Lee, Sun-Joo,Eom, Seok-Hyun,Cho, Dong-Ha,Yu, Chang-Yeon The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2007 韓國藥用作物學會誌 Vol.15 No.5
Field performance and morphological characterization was conducted on seven transgenic lines of Codonopsis lanceolata expressing ${\gamma}-TMT$ gene. The shoots were obtained from leaf explants after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tume-faciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pYBI 121 that carried genes encoding ${\gamma}-Tocopherol$ methyltransferase gene (${\gamma}-TMT$) and a neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (npt II) for kanamycin resistance. The transgenic plants were transferred to a green house for acclimation. Integration of T-DNA into the $T_0\;and\;T_1$ generation of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata genome was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis. The progenies of transgenic plants showed phenotypic differences within the different lines and with relative to control plants. When grown in field, the transgenic plants in general exhibited increased fertility, significant improvement in the shoot weight, root weight, shoot height and rachis length with relation to the control plants. However, all seven independently derived transgenic lines produced normal flower with respect to its shape, size, color and seeds number at its maturity. Indicating that the addition of a selectable marker gene in the plant genome does not effect on seed germination and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata. $T_1$ progenies of these plants were obtained and evaluated together with control plant in a field experiment. Overall, the agronomic performance of $T_1$ progenies of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata showed superior to that of the seed derived non-transgenic plant. In this study, we report on the morphological variation and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata developed by Agrobacterium transformation.
GHIMIRE, BALKRISHNA,LEE, HAYAN,CHOI, GO EUN,JEONG, MI JIN,SUH, GANG UK,LEE, CHEUL HO,HEO, KWEON,SON, SUNG WON Magnolia Press 2016 Phytotaxa Vol.283 No.3
<P>The seed morphology and anatomy of 12 species, representing five sections of Thalictrum, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to evaluate seed features for use in systematic analysis. Considerable differences were observed in seed surface micromorphology and seed coat characteristics both among and within sections of the genus. MANOVA, MDA, and cluster analysis were used to unravel the morphology of seeds among the species. The characteristic seed features for species were found to be seed shape, size, testa thickness, exotestal cells and seed surface sculpture. The results indicated that the most prevalent seed coat sculpture among the studied species was reticulate and some species were reticulate at the margin and rugose in the center. Seed surface was without ornamentation and epidermal cells were mostly polygonal, rectangular or irregularly shaped. The testa thickness varied from two to six cell layers, and the exotesta was well characterized and rectangular to tangentially elongate in most of the species, except T. simplex and T. uchiyamae in which exotesta was poorly represented. It has been observed that species with a non-reticulate or poorly developed reticulate surface sculpture have a less protected seed coat and vice versa. The results of this study indicated that seed morphological features do not, in general, provide strong support to the sectional division of the genus, but that species within sections shared some comparable seed features.</P>
Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Shin, Chul-Min,Li, Cheng Hao,Kim, Na-Young,Chung, III-Min,Lim, Jung-Dae,Kim, Jae-Kwang,Kim, Myong-Jo,Cho, Dong-Ha,Yu, Chang-Yeon The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2007 韓國藥用作物學會誌 Vol.15 No.2
An efficient regeneration system was developed using leaf, petiole, and internode explants. Highly embryogenic callus was obtained following cultivation on MS basal nutrient supplemented with 2 $mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D. Globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon shaped somatic embryo were produced from the surface of embryogenic callus. Direct shoot regeneration without intermediate callus formation has been achieved on MS medium supplemented NAA and BAP. The percentage of response varies with different concentration of auxin and cytokinin treated individually or in combination. The best shoot regeneration response (54.28%) and number of shoot per explant (12.67) were achieved on the medium supplemented with 0.1 $mg/{\ell}$ NAA and 1 $mg/{\ell}$ BAP. The regenerated shoot transformed into young plant when cultured into elongation and root induction medium. More than 90% of in vitro propagated plants could survive when transferred to the greenhouse for acclimation. This optimized regeneration system can be used for rapid shoot proliferation and genetic transformation.
Conservation of Biodiversity and Forest Resources in Nepal -Degradation and Threats-
Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Islam, Mohammad Saiful,Chun, Su-Kyoung Korea Furniture Society 2008 한국가구학회지 Vol.19 No.4
Nepal is rich country in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. The relationship between local communities and the biological diversity in Nepal is a very entangle one, whereby two-thirds of our population are heavily dependent upon the biodiversity for their survival. The destruction of biodiversity signifies the destruction of people's livelihoods and survival. Biodiversity and genetic resources conservation has been a most significant part of the Nepalese society due to its socio-economic and cultural importance and provides the human race trees for timber, fuel, food, industrial raw materials, pharmaceuticals, beverages and environmental stabilization. Threats to biodiversity at global level is of greater concern, specially, human activities are the greatest factor currently affecting biodiversity, through the use of natural resources by industry, agriculture, hunting, and energy generation.
Ghimire, B.K.,Seong, E.S.,Yu, C.Y.,Kim, S.H.,Chung, I.M. Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for 2017 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.109 No.-
<P>This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata with over-expressing gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase (gamma-tmt) gene. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, and the extracts from the transgenic C. lanceolata were compared with those of the wild plants by using the in-vitro antimicrobial assays with five pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species. The results indicated that transgenic C. lanceolata overexpressing gamma-tmt possesses antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Transgenic lines showed increased antimicrobial activity, ranging from 1.90 +/- 0.50 to 5.50 +/- 0.77 mm in the leaf extract of transgenic C. lanceolata, compared to the extract from the control plants, ranging from 1.27 +/- 0.50 to 4.73 +/- 0.40 mm. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microorganism to transgenic leaf extracts with lowerMICs (500 mu g/mL) and higher growth inhibition zones (5.33mm). Leaf extract of transgenic plants showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. However, transgenic root extract showed lower antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with MIC > 1000 mu g/mL. The a-tocopherol content of the plants was enhanced by the overexpression of (gamma-tmt) gene compared to control plant. We observed an increase in the phenolic compound concentration in transgenic leaves. The predominant phenolic compounds that increased in the transgenic leaf were chlorogenic acid, luteolin, benzoic acid, and apigenin. The antimicrobial activity of transgenic C. lanceolata was strongly correlated to the concentration of phytochemical compounds. These results may help to identify novel natural antimicrobial agents that could be used against infectious diseases. (C) 2016 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Ghimire, Santosh,Dho, Joonghoe Elsevier 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.468 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Epitaxial Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> films on (1 1 0)-oriented SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> and MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> were prepared to investigate the in-plane-direction dependence of the interfacial lattice disorder and its effect on the magnetic property. Transmission electron microscopy images of (1 1 0) Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> showed that lattice spots at the interface along the in-plane [ −1 1 0] direction were quite regular, but those along the in-plane [0 0 1] direction exhibited a distinctive lattice disorder. In contrast, the (1 1 0) Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> exhibited quite regular and smooth interfaces along both in-plane directions. The (1 1 0) Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>, which keeps structural symmetry across the interface along the in-plane [ −1 1 0] direction but not across the interface along the in-plane [0 0 1] direction, exhibited improved properties: The in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was about five times larger than those in the previous reports, and the maximum magnetoresistance was about twice that of the Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. This suggests that the microscopically anisotropic lattice disorder at the interface can be used to control the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the magnetoresistance of a magnetic film for spintronic applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> (1 1 0) Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> exhibited the in-plane-direction dependence of interfacial lattice disorder. </LI> <LI> Its interfacial lattice along the in-plane [ −1 1 0] direction was regular, but not along the [0 0 1]. </LI> <LI> Its in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was five times larger than those in previous reports. </LI> <LI> Its magnetoresistance was about twice that of the Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/MgAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> with smooth interface. </LI> </UL> </P>
Morphology and Optical Properties of Bare and Silica Coated Hybrid Silver Nanoparticles
Ghimire, Sushant,Lebek, Werner,Godehardt, Reinhold,Lee, Wan In,Adhikari, Rameshwar American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5
<P>Owing to their wide applications in the field of optoelectronics, photonics, catalysis, and medicine; plasmonic metal nanoparticles are attaining considerable interest nowadays. The optical properties of these metal nanoparticles depend upon their size, shape, and surrounding medium. The present work studies the morphology and optical properties of bare silver nanoparticles and silica coated hybrid silver nanoparticles. Aqueous phase mediated synthesis and water-in-oil microemulsion mediated synthesis are two different wet chemical routes employed for nanosynthesis. Direct coating of silica is performed in water-in-oil microemulsion on pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles using tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica precursor. This study shows that using different wet chemical routes the size of the synthesized nanoparticles could be tuned. In addition, using reverse micelles as nanoreactors, the thickness of the silica shell around the core silver nanoparticles could be significantly controlled. Further, the optical properties of silver nanoparticles could be adjusted through the size and the surface coating.</P>