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Ghimire, B.K.,Thiruvengadam, M.,Chung, I.-M. Elsevier 2019 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.125 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Aster scaber</I> Thunb is an important Korean mountainous vegetable and also a medicinal herb, which produces valuable bioactive compounds. This study showed that hairy root cultures can be established to improve the accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds in <I>A. scaber.</I> Hairy roots were molecularly confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We examined the influences of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast extract (YE) elicitors for the enhancement of phenolic compounds and pharmaceutical activities on hairy root cultures of <I>A. scaber</I>. Application of 100 mg/L of YE resulted in significantly higher fresh and dry root biomass (97.91 and 9.82 g/L) than MeJA and non-elicited control root cultures. MeJA (100 μM) and YE (100 mg/L) elicitation dramatically induced the accumulation of total phenolics (244.5 ± 2.5; 215.10 ± 2.0 GAE) and flavonoids (6.7 ± 0.3; 6.0 ± 0.2 QE) than non-elicited root cultures (181.65 ± 1.5 mg/g GAE and 4.65 ± 0.2 mg/g QE). Phenolic compounds including six hydroxycinnamic acids, seven flavonols, seven hydroxybenzoic acids, vanillin, homogentisic acid, and resveratrol were identified via UHPLC analysis in elicited (MeJA 100 μM and YE 100 mg/L) and control root cultures. Because of these phenolic compounds enhancement, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were high in the in the MeJA- and YE-elicited hairy roots than in the control cultures. MeJA was more effective in the elicitation of phenolic compounds and pharmaceutical potential than YE. The identification of elicitors can lead the large quantity of phenolic compounds to encounter extensive range demand through marketable production without endangering of <I>A. scaber</I>. This elicitation approach could be large scale production of the commercially possible amount of these valuable bioactive compounds by hairy root cultures in <I>A. scaber.</I> </P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hairy root biomass was enhanced in methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or yeast extract (YE) elicitation. </LI> <LI> Phenolic compounds were significantly raised in MeJA or YE elicited hairy roots. </LI> <LI> Biological activities were exhibited higher in MeJA or YE than non-elicited hairy roots. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ghimire, B.K.,Yoo, J.H.,Yu, C.Y.,Chung, I.M. Elsevier 2017 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.10 No.7
<P>Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perillafruteseens (P. frittescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone (PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin (PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown (PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine (PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown (PMU) type, perilla ketone, clemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene (PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, beta-cryophyllenc, myristicin (L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion: The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.</P>
GHIMIRE, BALKRISHNA,LEE, HAYAN,CHOI, GO EUN,JEONG, MI JIN,SUH, GANG UK,LEE, CHEUL HO,HEO, KWEON,SON, SUNG WON Magnolia Press 2016 Phytotaxa Vol.283 No.3
<P>The seed morphology and anatomy of 12 species, representing five sections of Thalictrum, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to evaluate seed features for use in systematic analysis. Considerable differences were observed in seed surface micromorphology and seed coat characteristics both among and within sections of the genus. MANOVA, MDA, and cluster analysis were used to unravel the morphology of seeds among the species. The characteristic seed features for species were found to be seed shape, size, testa thickness, exotestal cells and seed surface sculpture. The results indicated that the most prevalent seed coat sculpture among the studied species was reticulate and some species were reticulate at the margin and rugose in the center. Seed surface was without ornamentation and epidermal cells were mostly polygonal, rectangular or irregularly shaped. The testa thickness varied from two to six cell layers, and the exotesta was well characterized and rectangular to tangentially elongate in most of the species, except T. simplex and T. uchiyamae in which exotesta was poorly represented. It has been observed that species with a non-reticulate or poorly developed reticulate surface sculpture have a less protected seed coat and vice versa. The results of this study indicated that seed morphological features do not, in general, provide strong support to the sectional division of the genus, but that species within sections shared some comparable seed features.</P>