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- 저자 : George Ikbal Tawakkal (검색결과 2 건)
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Consistency and Vote Buying: Income, Education, and Attitudes about Vote Buying in Indonesia
George Ikbal Tawakkal,Wisnu Suhardono,Andrew D. Garner,Thomas Seitz 동아시아연구원 2017 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.3
This article examines ambivalence—the simultaneous holding of two or more conflicting values or beliefs about a political issue—among Indonesian citizens’ attitudes about vote buying. Using an original survey taken during the 2014 Indonesian elections, we analyze the factors related both to citizens’ normative views about vote buying and their willingness to accept gifts from candidates. A large number of citizens demonstrate ambivalence by viewing the practice as unjustified or corrupt and yet expressing willingness to accept money from candidates. We also examine the differential effects of education and income on these attitudes. Consistent with “demand side” theories of vote buying, low income creates economic pressure to accept money but does not influence normative attitudes about vote buying. Education, however, has a broader effect by influencing both normative attitudes and willingness to accept money. We consider implications of these results for Indonesian officials focused on reducing vote-buying behavior.
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Voting their Conscience: Poverty, Education, Social Pressure and Vote Buying in Indonesia
Ari Pradhanawati,George Towar Ikbal Tawakkal,Andrew D. Garner 동아시아연구원 2019 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.19 No.1
When citizens are offered cash and gifts by candidates, they can either vote for candidates offering the money, refuse the money, or take the money and vote for whichever candidate they prefer (e.g., “vote their conscience”). Which citizens “vote their conscience” versus the other options available to them? This manuscript examines the effect of poverty, education, and social pressure on how citizens in the Central Java city of Semarang, Indonesia react to offers of cash from politicians. We find that poverty and education interact to create important and interesting patterns of responses. The citizens most likely to “vote their conscience” are those with lower income yet higher levels of formal education whereas higher income, more highly educated citizens are most likely to refuse the money. We also examine factors that create social pressure for citizens to “sell” their votes by supporting the candidates offering cash.
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