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Genki Katata,Takashi Yamaguchi,Haruna Sato,Yoko Watanabe,Izumi Noguchi,Hiroshi Hara,Haruyasu Nagai 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
Fog deposition onto the cool-temperate deciduous forest around Lake Mashu in northern Japan was estimated by the inferential method using the parameterizations of deposition velocity and liquid water content of fog (LWC). Two parameterizations of fog deposition velocity derived from field experiments in Europe and numerical simulations using a detailed multi-layer atmosphere-vegetation-soil model were tested. The empirical function between horizontal visibility (VIS) and LWC was applied to produce hourly LWC as an input data for the inferential method. Weekly mean LWC computed from VIS had a good correlation with LWC sampled by an active string-fog collector. By considering the enhancement of fog deposition due to the edge effect, fog deposition calculated by the inferential method using two parameterizations of deposition velocity agreed with that computed from throughfall data. The results indicated that the inferential method using the current parameterizations of deposition velocity and LWC can provide a rough estimation of water input due to fog deposition onto cool-temperature deciduous forests. Limitations of current parameterizations of deposition velocity related to wind speed, evaporation loss of rain and fog droplets intercepted by tree canopies,and leaf area index were discussed.
Katata, Genki,Yamaguchi, Takashi,Sato, Haruna,Watanabe, Yoko,Noguchi, Izumi,Hara, Hiroshi,Nagai, Haruyasu Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
Fog deposition onto the cool-temperate deciduous forest around Lake Mashu in northern Japan was estimated by the inferential method using the parameterizations of deposition velocity and liquid water content of fog (LWC). Two parameterizations of fog deposition velocity derived from field experiments in Europe and numerical simulations using a detailed multi-layer atmosphere-vegetation-soil model were tested. The empirical function between horizontal visibility (VIS) and LWC was applied to produce hourly LWC as an input data for the inferential method. Weekly mean LWC computed from VIS had a good correlation with LWC sampled by an active string-fog collector. By considering the enhancement of fog deposition due to the edge effect, fog deposition calculated by the inferential method using two parameterizations of deposition velocity agreed with that computed from throughfall data. The results indicated that the inferential method using the current parameterizations of deposition velocity and LWC can provide a rough estimation of water input due to fog deposition onto cool-temperature deciduous forests. Limitations of current parameterizations of deposition velocity related to wind speed, evaporation loss of rain and fog droplets intercepted by tree canopies, and leaf area index were discussed.
Performance Characteristics and Flow Field of Axial Flow Hydraulic Turbine in Shallow Open Channel
Yasuyuki Nishi,Genki Sato,Daishi Shiohara,Terumi Inagaki,Norio Kikuchi 한국유체기계학회 2018 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.11 No.4
We have been developing an axial flow hydraulic turbine with a collection device that can be used in open channels with shallow water depths such as agricultural waterways and small rivers. However, the addition of a collection device reduces the portability and increases the cost compared to axial flow hydraulic turbines without a collection device. Therefore, it is important to understand the performance characteristics and flow field of the axial flow hydraulic turbine in open channels while considering the possibility of using only an axial flow hydraulic turbine. This study focuses on an axial flow hydraulic turbine operating near both the free and bottom surfaces in an open channel. We conducted a multiphase flow analysis that considers the free surface, as well as a single-phase flow analysis that does not consider it. This study indicates that the maximum power coefficient obtained from multiphase flow analysis was lower than that obtained from single-phase flow analysis. This is thought to be the result of the water-receiving area and inflow velocity becoming smaller, the input power coefficient becoming lower due to the influences of the free surface, and the bottom surface of the channel and the turbine efficiency becoming lower as the result of a non-uniform velocity distribution.
Takashi Yamaguchi,Izumi Noguchi,Yoko Watanabe,Genki Katata,Haruna Sato,Hiroshi Hara 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. NH4+ and SO42- were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [NH4+]/[SO42-] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that NH3 gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm h-1 and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.
Yamaguchi, Takashi,Noguchi, Izumi,Watanabe, Yoko,Katata, Genki,Sato, Haruna,Hara, Hiroshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. $NH_4{^+}$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [$NH_4{^+}$]/[$SO{_4}^{2-}$] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that $NH_3$ gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm $h^{-1}$ and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.