Inverse planning for IMRT with nonuniform beam profiles using total-variation regularization (TVR).

Kim, Taeho,Zhu, Lei,Suh, Tae-Suk,Geneser, Sarah,Meng, Bowen,Xing, Lei The American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2011 Medical physics Vol.38 No.1

<P>Radiation therapy with high dose rate and flattening filter-free (FFF) beams has the potential advantage of greatly reduced treatment time and out-of-field dose. Current inverse planning algorithms are, however, not customized for beams with nonuniform incident profiles and the resultant IMRT plans are often inefficient in delivery. The authors propose a total-variation regularization (TVR)-based formalism by taking the inherent shapes of incident beam profiles into account.</P>

계절적 유량과 1차 생산성 영양염류 인자에 따른 우리나라 저수지 수질의 장기적 변동

블랜디나제네스카코레 ( Blandina Genes Kakore ),이상재 ( Sang-jae Lee ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

In the recent few decades, a lot of environmental ecological pollution and public health issues seem to be connected to poor water quality. The deterioration of water quality is a major concern in the world currently. The Seomjingan River Dam is one of the biggest dams in South korea and it was built for the purpose of preserving the water and reducing floood damages in the areas downstream. The main goal of this research was to decribe the changes in water quality that occur within and after the dam for over a long period, the dataset used was of 10 years (2011-2020). Seasonal analysis of 9 physico chemical water quality variables showed that during the monsoon rain season there was great changes in the water quality variables of which Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphate (TP) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were largely influenced to change especially in the inflow site. Inter-annual analysis of 9 water quality variables showed that in between the 10 years indicated that there was decrease of BOD before the reservoir and after the reservoir but it increased within the reservoir. There was high values of TSS, BOD, TP, TN, and TOC in the inlet river site which clarified that the presence of great agricultural and industrial runoff into the river entering the reservoir. This analysis also showed showed that there was decrease of Chl-a throughout the years in the reservoir but there was increase in the washout from the reservoir which indicated that the water that there is primary productivity within the reservoir which affected the water quality. An Empirical analysis also deduced that this reservoir was a P-limited reservoir, and TP had a positive relationship to Chlorophyll-a which means that the TP coming in the reservoir was used for production as it reduced after the reservoir. The trophic State Index analysis for the reservoir indicated that Seomjin dam gets into a eutrophic state during the monsoon perios and this clarifies that there is high nutient runoff into the dam during the monsoon and hence productivity which was indicated by the high CHL-a that is dictated after the dam. In general, from this analysis it can be said that despite the water quality going into the reservoir being bad and that it influenced primary reproduction and sedimentation within the reservoir but due to these processes the water released from the dam seem to be in a better quality than when it entered the reservoir. It is therefore safe to think due to the results found in this study that the reservoir is in a high probability of facing degradation within the next few years.

낙동강 인공구조물에 의한 자연하천 연속성의 단절 이론 증명

블랜디나제네스카코레 ( Blandina Genes Kakore ),우스만아티크 ( Usman Atique ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

The primary goals of this research were to demonstrate the Serial Discontinuity Concept in a regulated natural river and to see how weirs alter physicochemical water quality going down the river and within different seasons. Monsoon rains control river runoff and chemical water component concentrations in the river as it flows downstream. The Nakdong River contains eight weirs that were built with the purpose of securing the water resource to solve the problems of water scarcity and improving the water quality in the Nakdong basin. Despite these positive objectives, the constructed weirs have mainly caused changes in the river lotic system making it to have the characteristics of a lentic system. The increase and decrease in Chl-a amounts in the midstream and downstream weirs show that there is a discontinuity in nutrient resources (Total Phosphorus) in the river from an upper weir to the next one. Other water physicochemical factors such as COD, EC and TSS were also analyzed and showed to have fluctuations going down the river, mostly increasing. The effect of weirs can also be seen in the residence time differences between all the weirs, which also support different chemical processes to happen. From the statistical correlation analysis in this study, Chl-a showed to have an average positive relationship with residence time. The correlation analysis showed there was high correlation of water quality factors down the river and Chl-a was positively correlated with Inflow in each weir from the weir before it. With the results that were found in this study it is clear that due to presence of weirs in this natural river, the continuity of the water chemistry is distorted and therefore there is Serial discontinuity.

토지이용도, 유기물, Chl-a의 영양염류간의 상호작용 및 장마철 강우 시 영양염류 상태에 따른 농업용 저수지의 분류

우스만아티크 ( Usman Atique ),블랜디나제네스카코레 ( Blandina Genes Kakore ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

This study explored a range of agricultural reservoirs characterized according to their land-use patterns. The classifications included cropland, forest, urban and estuarine regions in the South Korean peninsula during 2008-2017. We analyzed the inter-annual and seasonal water quality deviation with monsoon precipitation intensity, and empirical models were developed on nutrients, their ambient ratios, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total organic carbon (TOC), and ratios of chlorophyll-a with nutrient contributing factors. The multi-metric water pollution index (WPIKR) reflected the chemical health of reservoirs in relation to monsoon and land use patterns. The results indicated the intensity of monsoon rainfall tremendously influenced nutrients, Chl-a, and TOC levels in the cropland and urban reservoirs. However, TOC disclosed highest relationship with Chl-a in cropland (R2 = 0.66) and forest (R2 = 0.71) regions. Secchi disk depth (SDD) negatively correlated with the solids regime, TP and Chl-a in the cropland and estuarine regions. On the other hand, the trophic state index specified the majority of reservoirs in zooplankton grazing state except a few in the estuarine region showing the propensity of blue-green algae presence. Further principal component analysis (PCA) designated cropland region characterized by higher TP and Chl-a level within increasing Carlson’s trophic state index (CTSI), the urban region receiving higher sediments and chemical oxygen demand. On the contrary, the forest region tended to have higher organic matter (TOC), while estuarine was characterized by higher electrical conductivity (EC). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that cropland region reservoirs are nearer to urban reservoirs in deteriorating water quality. Based on WPIKR results, cropland and urban region reservoirs reflected as ‘poor’, estuarine as ‘fair’ condition while forest region indicated ‘excellent to good’ chemical health status. According to CTSI, forest and estuarine reservoirs were in the oligotrophic state, urban in mesotrophic and cropland region reservoirs from mesotrophic to eutrophic state. This study advocates a reduction in phosphorus yielding fertilizers in the Korean Peninsula that could help to mitigate the impending eutrophication events in lentic ecosystems in the future.

증례 : 유년기에 발병된 성인남성의 복막위점액종의 1 예 보고

윤영자 ( Young Ja Youn ),김영자 ( Young Ja Kim ),김진수 ( Genes Kim ),강득용 ( Duk Yong Kang ),오현관 ( Hyun Kwan Oh ) 대한내과학회 1970 대한내과학회지 Vol.13 No.11

A 29 years old Korean farmer who had a history of abdominal distension at the age of 3 years old, the first abdominal paracentesis at the age of 5 years old, and repeated paracentesis 2 to 3 times per year 10 years ago, was admitted on Sept. 9 1968. The cy

다목적 저수지 유입 영양염류, Chl-a 상태에 대한 장마기간의 장기적 및 계절 영향 평가

남스라이자갈 ( Namsrai Jargal ),우스만아티크 ( Usman Atique ),마문MD ( Md Mamun ),블랜디나제네스카코레 ( Blandina Genes Kakore ),안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.2

Due to rapid eutrophication, sustainable water quality management and supply are essential in drinking water sources and aquatic biota in large reservoirs. We evaluated the potentially crucial factors influencing the algal chlorophyll (Chl-a), nutrients, and the links between the rainfall and other vital elements in a large multipurpose reservoir (Yongdam Reservoir) during 2013-2019. We developed the empirical models on algal Chl-a, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and TN:TP’s ambient ratios considering the maneuvering influence of Asian monsoons. The intensive rainfall during the monsoon months strongly impacted the nutrient regime and other vital factors. The seasonal patterns of algal Chl-a varied in response to the nutrient contents (TN, TP), suspended solids, and ambient N:P ratios along the longitudinal gradient. The conditional plot analysis, empirical modeling, and observations supported an overall P-limitation scenario, as was evident from the magnitude of N:P ratios (R2 = 0.36, F = 24.9, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the reservoir’s trophic status alluded to the larger particles and blue-green algae during the monsoon and postmonsoon months. The correlation analysis, Mann- Kendall trend test, and principal component analysis illustrated compelling links between CHL-a, TP, and rainfall regime. The outcomes suggested the reservoir was primarily controlled by phosphorus limitation, with an increasing CHL-a tendency along with nitrogen dilution. However, a slight decline in phosphorus was also detected. The Yongdam Reservoir is under the threat of recurrent eutrophication events that could jeopardize this vital drinking water facility due to increasing agricultural and anthropic activities.

Evaluation of Soybean Methanol Fraction on Acute Inflammation

Vanessa da Silva Carrara,Ciomar Bersani Amado,Juliana Oliveira de Melo,Jose´ Marcos Gontijo Mandarino,Dio´genes Aparı´cio Garcia Cortez 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.12

Soybeans have been of interest of researchers because of the presence of isoflavones, a subclass of flavonoids,which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol fraction from soybean, which contains mainly isoflavone glucosides and malonylglucosides. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol fraction from soybean was studied using croton oil–induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced pleurisy models. The methanol fraction inhibited the ear edema in a dose-dependent manner: 0.625 mg/kg by 44.23% (P < .05), 1.25 mg/kg by 60.68% (P < .01), and 2.5 mg/kg by 65.68% (P < .01). Myeloperoxidase enzyme activity was reduced at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (64.79%, P < .05). No effects were seen on carrageenan-induced pleurisy at different doses of the methanol fraction (100 or 400 mg/kg). These results demonstrated that the methanol fraction containing conjugated isoflavones showed topical anti-inflammatory activity. There was no acute toxicity in Swiss mice after oral administration of the fraction, at doses of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 mg/kg.

Morphological traits of stem to indirect selection of resistance to lodging in Avena sativa L

Silveira Diógenes Cecchin,Basso Simone Meredith Scheffer,Ebone Luciano Antônio,Caverzan Andréia,Machado Juliana Medianeira,Schaeffer Afonso Henrique,Folchini Jessica Aneris,Lângaro Nadia Canali 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

The runout of newly cultivated areas in the world without recurring to the deforestation, demand a necessity to improve yield to sustain a growth population which demands each time more food. To avoid that is necessary to solve the main issues which cause crop productivity reduction, such as lodging which causes yield reduction in many major crops such as wheat, barley, rice and oat. In this sense, a study with eight cultivars evaluated morphological traits of the stem as crown diameter, internal and external diameter of the frst four basal internodes, the length of internodes, peduncle and panicle, plant height, and also lodging resistance factor (cLr), green and dry panicle matter. The diameter of the crown does not show diferences among the cultivars, the morphological characters which showed correlation and relative contribution with cLr were the internal and external internodes diameters, showing their capacity to be one of morphological traits of the stem to an indirect selection of resistance to lodging in Avena sativa L. The length did not show a good correlation with lodging, probably due to the fact that this trait was the focus of breeders for many years, reaching the plateau, demanding focus in other traits to avoid lodging such as interna and external diameter of internodes. The cultivar URS Brava and IPR Afrodite demonstrated to be a source of lodging resistance in oat.

Garden microbiomes of Apterostigma dentigerum and Apterostigma pilosum fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Cely T. González,Kristin Saltonstall,Hermógenes Fernández-Marín 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.10

Fungus-growing ants share a complex symbiosis with microbes, including fungal mutualists, antibiotic-producing bacteria, and fungal pathogens. The bacterial communities associated with this symbiosis are poorly understood but likely play important roles in maintaining the health and function of fungal gardens. We studied bacterial communities in gardens of two Apterostigma species, A. dentigerum, and A. pilosum, using next-generation sequencing to evaluate differences between the two ant species, their veiled and no-veiled fungal garden types, and across three collection locations. We also compared different parts of nests to test for homogeneity within nests. Enterobacteriaceae dominated gardens of both species and common OTUs were shared across both species and nest types. However, differences in community diversity were detected between ant species, and in the communities of A. dentigerum veiled and no-veiled nests within sites. Apterostigma pilosum had a higher proportion of Phyllobacteriaceae and differed from A. dentigerum in the proportions of members of the order Clostridiales. Within A. dentigerum, nests with veiled and no-veiled fungus gardens had similar taxonomic profiles but differed in the relative abundance of some groups, with veiled gardens having more Rhodospirillaceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae, and no-veiled having more Xanthomonadaceae and certain genera in the Enterobacteriaceae C. However, bacterial communities in Apterostigma fungal gardens are highly conserved and resemble those of the nests of other attine ants with dominant taxa likely playing a role in biomass degradation and defense. Further work is required to understand and explain how bacterial community composition of fungus-growing nests is maintained.

Carcass and meat traits of bubaline finished on sugarcane-based diets supplemented with spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran

Borges Christiano Raphael de Albuquerque,Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de,Neves Maria Luciana Menezes Wanderley,Pereira Neto José Diógenes,Vieira Guilherme Heliodoro Pedroso,Pessoa Ricardo Alexand 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) used as a substitute for wheat bran in buffalo diets on quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass. Methods: Twenty Murrah buffaloes at 18 months of age, with a mean initial weight of 292.9±57.3 kg, were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 90 days in the feedlot. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in the diet of the buffaloes on the carcass and meat traits, slaughter weight, carcass yield and carcass measurements were studied. Results: Increased spineless cactus levels led to linear reduction in average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, compactness index and in the amount of muscle in the carcass, and there is no difference between the control treatment and the 33% replacing level for these parameters. The quality of the meat was not influenced by the treatments. Conclusion: Spineless cactus can replace wheat bran by up to 33% in sugarcane-based diets for buffaloes, without influencing quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass. Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of spineless cactus (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) used as a substitute for wheat bran in buffalo diets on quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass.Methods: Twenty Murrah buffaloes at 18 months of age, with a mean initial weight of 292.9±57.3 kg, were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 90 days in the feedlot. The effects of spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in the diet of the buffaloes on the carcass and meat traits, slaughter weight, carcass yield and carcass measurements were studied.Results: Increased spineless cactus levels led to linear reduction in average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight, compactness index and in the amount of muscle in the carcass, and there is no difference between the control treatment and the 33% replacing level for these parameters. The quality of the meat was not influenced by the treatments.Conclusion: Spineless cactus can replace wheat bran by up to 33% in sugarcane-based diets for buffaloes, without influencing quantitative and qualitative traits of the meat and carcass.