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Khandelwal, Gaurav,Chandrasekhar, Arunkumar,Alluri, Nagamalleswara Rao,Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran,Maria Joseph Raj, Nirmal Prashanth,Kim, Sang-Jae Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.219 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plastic pollution often observed on seashores is indicative of a greater problem manifesting in the oceans. However, such pollution mostly emanates from land-based sources. To help mitigate the problem of plastic pollution, we describe herein a waste material-based household triboelectric nanogenerator (H-TENG) that operates in the vertical contact-separation mode. The device takes less than 5 min to fabricate and can be made in-house from recyclable materials without the need for scientific equipment or laboratory expertise. The device was made using randomly selected waste materials. The maximum peak-to-peak voltage generated was 44 V, and the corresponding peak-to-peak short-circuit current (I<SUB>SC</SUB>) generated was 289 nA. The H-TENG was systematically studied and showed the capability to exploit biomechanical energy to operate liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, we demonstrated how the H-TENG could be used as a dynamic force sensor for small dynamic force detection. Finally, we discuss applications of H-TENGs in an in-house emergency direction system, security system and a magnetically attachable/detachable smart chopping board.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Circumvention of plastic pollution using H-TENG. </LI> <LI> Fabrication is straightforward, cheap and needs <5 min. </LI> <LI> All the materials used in the fabrication are recycled waste materials. </LI> <LI> Fabrication is possible at any place without the need for scientific equipment. </LI> <LI> Demonstration of the biomechanical energy harvesting, emergency direction system, etc. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Khandelwal, Gaurav,Chandrasekhar, Arunkumar,Pandey, Rajagopalan,Maria Joseph Raj, Nirmal Prashanth,Kim, Sang-Jae Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.282 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mechanical energy harvesting using Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the coupling of electrostatic induction and contact electrification is a cost-effective and straightforward process. TENG is well known for harnessing the waste energy at a large scale. Here, we demonstrated the fabrication of enhanced-performance TENG in contact-separation mode by utilizing the facile phase inversion process for only one triboactive layer. The phase inversion is a straightforward technique to achieve films with a porous structure and high crystallinity. The non-piezoelectric, semiconducting TiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticle acts as charge trapping sites attributed to their high dielectric constant. The PVDF-10-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CA TENG showed 7 times and 10 times enhancement for voltage and short circuit current compared to the PVDF-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CA TENG prepared without phase inversion process. Furthermore, the device is a multifunctional energy harvester i.e. it can harvest biomechanical as well as wind energy. Finally, we demonstrated the use of TENG device for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensing. The device exhibits good response with the change in concentration as well as total flow rate. The voltage decreases with the increase in the benzene concentration. The sensitivity of as fabricated sensor is 0.0035 V/ppm concerning concentration and 0.29176 V/sccm concerning total flow rate. The sensor was integrated with the Arduino Uno for automatic detection of benzene giving the alarm warning for the presence of benzene in the environment. This work extended the application of TENG in the field of VOCs sensing, design and concept which can be applied in the future for the detection of other VOCs in the environment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Phase inversion and semi conducting TiO<SUB>2</SUB> based TENG with enhanced performance. </LI> <LI> The TENG shows 7 times and 10 times enhancement for voltage and current. </LI> <LI> Fabricated TENG is multifunctional energy harvester. </LI> <LI> Demonstration of TENG as VOC’s sensor with good selectivity and sensitivity. </LI> <LI> Integration of TENG with Arduino for warning message and alarm to evacuate. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
VENKATESWARAN VIVEKANANTHAN,Woo Joong Kim,Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri,Yuvasree Purusothaman,Gaurav Khandelwal,김상재 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.5
The increasing interest in harvesting mechanical energy from day-to-day activities is gaining huge interest among researchers. We have fabricated a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made of aluminum and PDMS film acting as positive and negative triboelectric layers. The layers are arranged in an arc-shaped structure with an air gap of 1 cm between the layers of the device. The PDMS layer is made by blending the polymer solution with the hardener in an appropriate ratio and dried to make the transparent and flexible polymer film. The device shows a maximum electrical response of 110 V and 260 nA voltage and current with the power density of 2.9 mW/m 2 at 100 MΩ load resistance. Further, the device has been used for lighting green LEDs and charging commercial capacitors. An Arduino board was connected with LED and buzzer, which was triggered by the TENG device. This shows that with the proper usage of electronic components TENG can be used for self-powered sensors and with IoT applications.
Maria Joseph Raj, Nirmal Prashanth,Alluri, Nagamalleswara Rao,Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran,Chandrasekhar, Arunkumar,Khandelwal, Gaurav,Kim, Sang-Jae Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.228 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A cost-effective layer-by-layer brush-coating technique was developed to fabricate a flexible yarn-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (FY-PNG) to harness abundant waste mechanical energy. A simple sol-gel method was used to synthesize the orthorhombic crystalline phase of bismuth titanate perovskite, i.e., Bi<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> (BiTO). A single FY-PNG device generated a maximum peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage (V<SUB>OC(P–P)</SUB>), short-circuit current (I<SUB>SC(P–P)</SUB>), and instantaneous area power density of 60 V, 400 nA, and 18.5 mW/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, upon application of a 1 N periodic mechanical load. The switching polarity of the FY-PNG demonstrated good phase shifting between the output signals and confirmed that the output derived from the device and not from any external sources. The working mechanism, electrical poling effect, force analysis, repeatability, stability, charging, energy storage analysis, and sensitivity to biomechanical force of the FY-PNG was thoroughly investigated. The FY-PNG device output was used to power five commercial green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a display system. Additionally, a non-invasive self-powered breathing sensor (SPBS) was developed to monitor human inhalation/exhalation. The repeatability and reproducibility of SPBS evaluated using different devices and test subjects demonstrated a good variation in output (i.e., 0.2–0.4 V) for inhalation/exhalation; the SPBS was also evaluated under slow/fast and constant breathing conditions. The proposed brush-coating technique for FY-PNGs is an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easily scalable technique that can pave the way to the design of novel-shaped PNG devices for applications such as implantable self-powered biosensors and automotive electronic systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cost-effective brush coating technique employed to coat all layers of nanogenerator. </LI> <LI> Flexible Yarn-piezoelectric nanogenerator has dual functionality-harvesting/sensing. </LI> <LI> Self-powered breath sensor has good repeatability/stability with test subjects. </LI> <LI> Proposed nanogenerator is suitable to harness linear/nonlinear surface motions. </LI> <LI> Fabrication process is eco-friendly, less time consuming, and high reproducibility. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>