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Structural Stability of Characteristic Interface for NiTi/Nb Nanowire: First-Principle Study
G. F. Li,H. Z. Zheng,X. Y. Shu,P. Peng 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.1
Compared with some other conventional interface models, the interface of NiTi(211)/Nb(220) in NiTiNb metal nanocomposite had been simulated and analyzed carefully. Results show that only several interface models, i.e., NiTi(100)/Nb(100)(Ni↔Nb), NiTi(110)/Nb(110) and NiTi(211)/Nb(220), can be formed accordingly with their negative formation enthalpy. Therein the cohesive energy ΔE and Griffith rupture work W of NiTi(211)/ Nb(220) interface model are the lowest among them. Density of states shows that there exists only one electronic bonding peak for NiTi(211)/Nb(220) interface model at -2.5 eV. Electron density difference of NiTi(211)/ Nb(220) shows that the Nb-Nb, Nb-Ti and Nb-Ni bonding characters seem like so peaceful as a fabric twisting every atom, which is different from conventional metallic bonding performance. Such appearance can be deduced that the metallic bonding between Nb-Nb, Nb-Ti and Nb-Ni in NiTi(211)/Nb(220) may be affected by its nanostructure called nanometer size effect. Thus, our findings open an avenue for detailed and comprehensive studies of nanocomposite.
SIMULATION OF UNIT CELL PERFORMANCE IN THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
H. G. KIM,Y. S. KIM,Z. SHU 한국자동차공학회 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.7
Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Owing to the high efficiency of the fuel cells, a large number of research work have been done during these years. Among many kinds of the fuel cells, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is such kind of thing which works under low temperature. Because of the specialty, it stimulated intense global R&D competition. Most of the major world automakers are racing to develop polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell passenger vehicles. Unfortunately, there are still many problems to be solved in order to make them into the commercial use, such as the thermal and water management in working process of PEMFCs. To solve the difficulites facing the researcher, the analysis of the inner mechanism of PEMFC should be implemented as much as possible and mathematical modeling is an important tool for the research of the fuel cell especially with the combination of experiment. By regarding some of the assumptions and simplifications, using the finite element technique, a two-dimensional electrochemical mode is presented in this paper for the further comparison with experimental data. Based on the principals of the problem, the equations of electronic charge conservation equation, gas-phase continuity equation, and mass balance equation are used in calculating. Finally, modeling results indicate some of the phenomenon in a unit cell, and the relationships between potential and current density.
Rijuta G. Saratale,Ganesh D. Saratale,Jo Shu Chang,Sanjay P. Govindwar 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4
Immobilized cells of Proteus vulgaris NCIM 2027 completely decolorized C.I. Reactive Blue 172 (50mg/L) within 8 h along with a nearly 80% reduction in TOC and COD. The dye degradation efficiency of the immobilized cells was further improved by optimizing the physicochemical conditions, including agitation, temperature,pH, dye concentration, and biomass loading. Microbial toxicity study revealed the non-toxic nature of the degraded products. Repeated-batch decolorization was conducted to evaluate the reusability of the immobilized cells. The immobilized cells were used for continuous dye decolorization in a fixed bed bioreactor under different volumetric flow rates and dye feeding concentrations. In addition, the immobilized cells were applied to decolorize a mixture of seven reactive dyes in batch and continuous modes, resulting in efficient decolorization (in terms of ADMI value) and significant reduction in TOC and COD. This suggests the potential of using immobilized cells to treat dye-containing wastewater.
SIMULATION OF UNIT CELL PERFORMANCE IN THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL
Kim, H.G.,Kim, Y.S.,Shu, Z. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.7
Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Owing to the high efficiency of the fuel cells, a large number of research work have been done during these years. Among many kinds of the fuel cells, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is such kind of thing which works under low temperature. Because of the specialty, it stimulated intense global R&D competition. Most of the major world automakers are racing to develop polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell passenger vehicles. Unfortunately, there are still many problems to be solved in order to make them into the commercial use, such as the thermal and water management in working process of PEMFCs. To solve the difficulites facing the researcher, the analysis of the inner mechanism of PEMFC should be implemented as much as possible and mathematical modeling is an important tool for the research of the fuel cell especially with the combination of experiment. By regarding some of the assumptions and simplifications, using the finite element technique, a two-dimensional electrochemical mode is presented in this paper for the further comparison with experimental data. Based on the principals of the problem, the equations of electronic charge conservation equation, gas-phase continuity equation, and mass balance equation are used in calculating. Finally, modeling results indicate some of the phenomenon in a unit cell, and the relationships between potential and current density.
Reflexive Manufacturing : Taiwan's Integration in the Global Economy
Kao, Cheng Shu,Hamilton, Gary G . Institute for International Trade and Cooperation 2000 Asian International Studies Review Vol.3 No.1
Drawing on extensive interviews with the owner and mangers of Taiwanese firms that we have done during the last twelve years, we offer an alternative interpretation of Taiwanese industrialization. In contrast with economists and strong state theorists, we argue that the organization of Taiwan's economy has been powerfully shaped by networks of export manufacturers whose moneymaking activities have been only indirectly influenced by macro-economic incentives and the state's policy directives. These export producers have created a system of production that is highly responsive to global demand. We call this system of production "reflexive manufacturing in Taiwan and demonstrates the limited role the state played in shaping the organization of the Taiwanese economy.
Pan C.B.,Zhao G.C.,Li S.M.,Shu M.F.,Wu J.,Wang J.M.Z.,Yin L.H.,Song W.H.,Zhu X.B,Yang J.,Sun Y.P. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.34 No.-
Among Aurivillius layer-structured materials, CaBi2Nb2O9 is a best potential candidate for ultrahigh-temperature applications because of its highest Curie temperature of about 940 ◦C. In this paper, (1-x)CaBi2Nb2O9- xBaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 composite ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state sintering method. The dielectric results show that the introduction of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 not only increases the permittivity of the material, but also reduces its dielectric loss. The optimum electrical properties were obtained in the x = 0.01 sample with piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 15.1 pC/N and high ferroelectric remnant polarization (Pr) of 9.9 μC/cm2. Furthermore, the composite samples show good thermal depoling performance, the d33 of the x = 0.01 sample is 13.8 pC/N, which is about 91% of the initial value after depoling at 800 ◦C. Therefore, (1-x)CaBi2Nb2O9- xBaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 is one of the candidates for high temperature piezoelectric materials.
Butt, Julia,Varga, Matthew G.,Wang, Tianyi,Tsugane, Shoichiro,Shimazu, Taichi,Zheng, Wei,Abnet, Christian C.,Yoo, Keun-Young,Park, Sue K.,Kim, Jeongseon,Jee, Sun Ha,Qiao, You-lin,Shu, Xiao-Ou,Waterboe AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH INC 2019 CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH Vol.12 No.10
<P>Smoking is an established risk factor for gastric cancer development. In this study, we aimed to assess prospectively the association of smoking with gastric cancer risk in 1,446 non-cardia gastric cancer cases and 1,796 controls from China, Japan, and Korea with consideration of <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection as a potential effect modifier. Applying logistic regression models stratified by study and adjusted for age and sex we found that current, but not former, smoking was significantly associated with gastric cancer risk [OR = 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.65]. However, the association was significant only in <I>H. pylori</I> sero-positive individuals determined by 3 different sero-markers: overall sero-positivity, sero-positivity to the onco-protein CagA, and sero-positivity to the gastric cancer associated sero-marker HP0305 and HP1564. Specifically, a significant interaction was found when stratifying by HP0305/HP1564 (<I>P</I><SUB>interaction</SUB> = 0.01) with a 46% increased risk of gastric cancer among HP0305/HP1564 sero-positive current smokers (95% CI, 1.10–1.93) as opposed to no increased gastric cancer risk among HP0305/HP1564 sero-negative current smokers (OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.65–1.33). We confirmed that current smoking is associated with an increased gastric cancer risk, however, only among individuals that are simultaneously sero-positive for the leading causal factor for gastric cancer, <I>H. pylori</I>.</P>