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Deep Borehole Disposal of Nuclear Wastes: Opportunities and Challenges
Franklin W. Schwartz,김용제,채병곤 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.15 No.4
The concept of deep borehole disposal (DBD) for high-level nuclear wastes has been around for about 40 years. Now, the Department of Energy (DOE) in the United States (U.S.) is re-examining this concept through recent studies at Sandia National Laboratory and a field test. With DBD, nuclear waste will be emplaced in boreholes at depths of 3 to 5 km in crystalline basement rocks. Thinking is that these settings will provide nearly intact rock and fluid density stratification, which together should act as a robust geologic barrier, requiring only minimal performance from the engineered components. The Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB) has raised concerns that the deep subsurface is more complicated, leading to science, engineering, and safety issues. However, given time and resources, DBD will evolve substantially in the ability to drill deep holes and make measurements there. A leap forward in technology for drilling could lead to other exciting geological applications. Possible innovations might include deep robotic mining, deep energy production, or crustal sequestration of CO2, and new ideas for nuclear waste disposal. Novel technologies could be explored by Korean geologists through simple proof-of-concept experiments and technology demonstrations.
Deep Borehole Disposal of Nuclear Wastes: Opportunities and Challenges
Schwartz, Franklin W.,Kim, Yongje,Chae, Byung-Gon Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2017 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.15 No.4
The concept of deep borehole disposal (DBD) for high-level nuclear wastes has been around for about 40 years. Now, the Department of Energy (DOE) in the United States (U.S.) is re-examining this concept through recent studies at Sandia National Laboratory and a field test. With DBD, nuclear waste will be emplaced in boreholes at depths of 3 to 5 km in crystalline basement rocks. Thinking is that these settings will provide nearly intact rock and fluid density stratification, which together should act as a robust geologic barrier, requiring only minimal performance from the engineered components. The Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB) has raised concerns that the deep subsurface is more complicated, leading to science, engineering, and safety issues. However, given time and resources, DBD will evolve substantially in the ability to drill deep holes and make measurements there. A leap forward in technology for drilling could lead to other exciting geological applications. Possible innovations might include deep robotic mining, deep energy production, or crustal sequestration of $CO_2$, and new ideas for nuclear waste disposal. Novel technologies could be explored by Korean geologists through simple proof-of-concept experiments and technology demonstrations.
Lessons from practice in the assessment and remediation of contaminated ground water
Franklin W. Schwartz,Eung Seok Lee,Yongje Kim 한국지질과학협의회 2008 Geosciences Journal Vol.12 No.2
The famous American humorist Mark Twain once wrote “don’t let school interfere with your education”. This paper builds on this theme by examining important lessons that come from work on practical problems of ground-water contamination and remediation in Canada and the United States. We draw lessons from the interesting features of the studies, and mistakes in execution, which have had important consequences. The first case study from Edmonton, Alberta Canada examines a problem of ground-water contamination due to leakage of water contaminated by 2,4-D and other contaminants from a small storage pond. This study highlights the problems related to an inadequate geologic understanding of a site, misunderstandings concerning the advantages and limitations of key tools for site investigation, and how projects can benefit from early and ongoing peer reviews. The second case study examines a problem of sewage contamination related to a deep tunnel system in Milwaukee Wisconsin. This system is designed to store surface-water overflows from an old, combined sewer system. This case study highlights the difficulties in working on unique problems without an effective conceptual hydrogeologic model, the need to always be concerned about the quality of chemical data, and the necessity of being alert to behaviors beyond typical experience. The lessons coming from these case studies have important implications for remedial work being undertaken in Korea and regulatory agencies with oversight of the projects.
Magnetic chitosan composite for adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes in aqueous solution
조동완,전병훈,전철민,Franklin W. Schwartz,정유진,송호철 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.28 No.-
A magnetic composite material composed of nano-magnetite (NMT), heulandite (HE), and cross-linkedchitosan was prepared and used as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). Thecomposite was characterized for the morphology, magnetic and surface properties. The optimal massratio of chitosan:HE:NMT for the best removal of both dyes was determined to be 1:1:0.33. Theadsorption of MB and MO followed the pseudo-second order kinetics, and the maximum adsorptioncapacities were 45.1 and 149.2 mg g 1 at pH 5.5, respectively. The adsorption of MB increased with thepH increase, while MO adsorption showed an opposite trend.
Tracer transport test in simple fractured media
Jeongkon Kim,Andrew Duguid,Franklin W. Schwartz 한국지질과학협의회 2006 Geosciences Journal Vol.10 No.2
Scientific visualization is an important method forunderstanding complex hydrologic processes. A series of experi-ments was conducted using two-dimensional fracture networksbuilt of transparent plexiglass blocks as a new approach to processvisualization. A digital monitoring method was used to visualizetransport of a tracer in the fracture networks. The approach forvisualizing tracer transport in fractured networks provided bothducted it was found that tracer spreading in fractured media wascomplex even in simple networks consisting of equally spacedfinite fractures. The combined effects of fracture orientation andaperture variability resulted in the complex tracer spreading.