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Fida Hussain,Heonseop Eom,Umair Ali Toor,Chang Soo Lee,Sang-Eun Oh 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6
Toxicity assessment using microalgae adopted various endpoint measurements like mortality rate, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, enzymatic activity, cell density, <SUP>14</SUP>C assimilation, and phosphate uptake. These algal toxicity tests usually require 3-4 days of exposure time and laborious work to measure these endpoints parameters. In the present study, we described a simple and rapid toxicity assessment procedure using photosynthetic oxygen evolution as an endpoint measurement to determine heavy metal-induced toxicity. Oxygen evolution in gaseous phase was measured over a 12 h exposure time. The toxicity of six selected heavy metals was assessed. Concentrations of 1.02, 1.91, 0.46, 3.2, 7.5, and 65.6 mg/L were obtained as EC50 values for mercury, silver, cyanide, copper, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium, respectively, for microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). Our results demonstrated that hexavalent chromium is less sensitive depending on the conditions (low exposure time, pH 6, and high initial biomass). Toxicities in decreasing order of strength were cyanide > mercury > silver > copper > cadmium > hexavalent chromium. Results obtained in the current and earlier studies demonstrate that photosynthetic oxygen evolution offers an alternative endpoint measurement to assess toxicity since it allows sensitive and rapid detection of heavy metal-induced toxicity in water.
Fida Hussain,엄헌섭,Umair Ali Toor,이창수,Sang-Eun Oh 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6
Toxicity assessment using microalgae adopted various endpoint measurements like mortality rate, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, enzymatic activity, cell density, 14C assimilation, and phosphate uptake. These algal toxicity tests usually require 3–4 days of exposure time and laborious work to measure these endpoints parameters. In the present study, we described a simple and rapid toxicity assessment procedure using photosynthetic oxygen evolution as an endpoint measurement to determine heavy metal-induced toxicity. Oxygen evolution in gaseous phase was measured over a 12 h exposure time. The toxicity of six selected heavy metals was assessed. Concentrations of 1.02, 1.91, 0.46, 3.2, 7.5, and 65.6 mg/L were obtained as EC50 values for mercury, silver, cyanide, copper, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium, respectively, for microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). Our results demonstrated that hexavalent chromium is less sensitive depending on the conditions (low exposure time, pH 6, and high initial biomass). Toxicities in decreasing order of strength were cyanide > mercury > silver > copper > cadmium > hexavalent chromium. Results obtained in the current and earlier studies demonstrate that photosynthetic oxygen evolution offers an alternative endpoint measurement to assess toxicity since it allows sensitive and rapid detection of heavy metal-induced toxicity in water.
Hussain, Fida,Hussain, Imran,Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali,Muhammad, Yousaf Shad,Iqbal, Mazhar,Soja, Gerhard,Reichenauer, Thomas Gerhard,Zeshan, Thomas Gerhard,Yousaf, Sohail Elsevier 2018 Environmental and experimental botany Vol.153 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Petroleum hydrocarbons are extensively utilized in petrochemical industries and cause soil deterioration during exploration, transportation, refining and making petroleum products. We hypothesized that the combined use of compost, biochar and bacterial consortia as soil amendments may enhance the rhizoremediation potential of ryegrass by strengthening the plant rhizospheric effect for efficient total petroleum hydrocarbon removal. The present study focused on phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in spiked contaminated soil amended with biochar (5% v/v), and compost (5% v/v). Spiked soil was inoculated with consortia of four hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains (<I>Pseudomonas poae, Actinobacter bouvetii, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila</I> and <I>Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae</I>). The spiked soil was prepared by spiking agricultural soil with 3.4% (w/w) of crude oil. Italian ryegrass (60 seeds pot<SUP>−1</SUP>) were sown and plants were harvested after 75 days.</P> <P>The highest hydrocarbon removal (85%) was observed in spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. Bacterial inoculation with biochar and compost showed significantly higher hydrocarbon degradation as compared to all other treatments. Highest TPHs degrading bacteria (5.74 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cells g<SUP>−1</SUP> of soil) were observed in rhizosphere of spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere which resulted in higher removal of hydrocarbons. We concluded that plant-microbe interactions together with the organic soil amendments offer an emerging trend for remediation of hydrocarbons. Rhizoremediation is a green solution to overcome the quandary of total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar and compost amendment enhanced rhizosphere effect. </LI> <LI> TPHs Rhizoremediation is improved by bacterial consortia and organic amendments. </LI> <LI> The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere. </LI> <LI> Compost is a rich source of bacteria in the rhizosphere. </LI> </UL> </P>
Groundwater status in Pakistan: A review of contamination, health risks, and potential needs
Raza, Maimoona,Hussain, Fida,Lee, Jin-Yong,Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal,Kwon, Kideok D. Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Critical reviews in environmental science and tech Vol.47 No.18
<P>We examined the current groundwater (used for drinking) quality in Pakistan after implementation of Millennium Development Goals, including contaminants, their sources, and relevant health impacts. The drinking water quality parameters of most of the reported results exceeded the guidelines suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Natural sources of groundwater contamination have been activated due to anthropogenic activities like mining, and open dumping of industrial and domestic wastes which lead to poor groundwater quality. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to unsafe water sources. Therefore, this review demonstrates the potential needs to achieve the safe drinking water goal of the Agenda 2030. The development of a proper monitoring network, installation of treatment plants, and implementation of legislations are recommended in this review.</P>