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<i>Euphausia pacifica</i> brood sizes: a North Pacific synthesis
Feinberg, L. R.,Shaw, C. T.,Peterson, W. T.,Dé,cima, M.,Okazaki, Y.,Ju, S.-J. Oxford University Press 2013 Journal of plankton research Vol.35 No.6
<P><I>Euphausia pacifica</I> occupy a remarkably wide range of ecosystems. We examined the differences in brood sizes from eight regions of the North Pacific to explore how variation in the brood size might contribute to their success over such a range. We show a compilation and analysis of short-term <I>E. pacifica</I> brood size incubations from around the North Pacific rim, ranging from the Yellow Sea (YS) (Korea) to southern California (SC), USA. Brood sizes for <I>E. pacifica</I> are highly variable in all regions and range from 5 to 697 eggs overall. Median brood sizes were largest in the YS and off Newport, Oregon and the maximum brood sizes were greatest in the regions off the coasts of Oregon and Washington, USA followed by the YS. Quantile regression analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between the female length and the maximum brood size (95% quantile) for broods from SC, Oregon, and Washington, USA as well as Toyama Bay, Japan, indicating that the maximum brood size is limited by the female length in these regions. This suggests that other factors, hydrographic conditions, food quantity/quality or physiological condition of females, may limit maximum brood sizes in the other regions examined here.</P>
Normal and Reconstructed Mandibular Condyle Mechanics
Hollister, S.J.,Feinberg, S.E. The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.7
One approach to reconstructing a damaged mandibular condyle is to replace it with a rib graft. This procedure requires removal of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The rib graft has significantly different shape and mechanical properties than the original condyle. These three factors can be expected to alter mandible (jaw) mechanics. We used voxel-based finite element methods to analysis both normal and a simulated reconstructed mandible using data from the US NIH Visible Human Female. Results demonstrated significant differences between normal and reconstructed mandible mechanics. The reconstructed mandible displaced more than the normal mandible. Stresses in the rib graft were 3 to 4 times higher than in a normal mandibular condyle. Stresses in the rest of the mandible were also higher in the reconstructed case. Further analyses are required to determine how each of the alterations in the reconstructed mandible contributes to the difference in reconstructed mandible mechanics.