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Arshad Ali,Farman Ullah,Irum Sabir Ali,Ahmad Faraz,Mumtaz Khan,Syed Tahir Ali Shah,Nawab Ali,Muhammad Saeed 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.2
Purpose: The promoter methylation status of cell cycle regulatory genes plays a crucial role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. CpG cytosines are actively subjected to methylation during tumorigenesis, resulting in gain/loss of function. E2F5 gene has growth repressive activities; various studies suggest its involvement in tumorigenesis. This study aims to investigate the epigenetic regulation of E2F5 in breast cancer to better understand tumor biology. Methods: The promoter methylation status of 50 breast tumor tissues and adjacent normal control tissues was analyzed. mRNA expression was determined using SYBR® green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and methylation- specific PCR was performed for bisulfite-modified genomic DNA using E2F5-specific primers to assess promoter methylation. Data was statistically analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.001) upregulation was observed in E2F5 expression among tumor tissues, relative to the control group. These samples were hypo-methylated at the E2F5 promoter region in the tumor tissues, compared to the control. Change in the methylation status (Δmeth) was significantly lower (p=0.022) in the tumor samples, indicating possible involvement in tumorigenesis. Patients at the postmenopausal stage showed higher methylation (75%) than those at the premenopausal stage (23.1%). Interestingly, methylation levels gradually increased from the early to the advanced stages of the disease (p<0.001), which suggests a putative role of E2F5 methylation in disease progression that can significantly modulate tumor biology at more advanced stage and at postmenopausal age (Pearson’s r=0.99 and 0.86, respectively). Among tissues with different histological status, methylation frequency was higher in invasive lobular carcinoma (80.0%), followed by invasive ductal carcinoma (46.7%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (20.0%). Conclusion: Methylation is an important epigenetic factor that might be involved in the upregulation of E2F5 gene in tumor tissues, which can be used as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Type-2 fuzzy ontology–aided recommendation systems for IoT–based healthcare
Ali, Farman,Islam, S.M. Riazul,Kwak, Daehan,Khan, Pervez,Ullah, Niamat,Yoo, Sang-jo,Kwak, K.S. Elsevier 2018 Journal of Computer Communications Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The number of people with a chronic disease is rapidly increasing, giving the healthcare industry more challenging problems. To date, there exist several ontology and IoT-based healthcare systems to intelligently supervise the chronic patients for long-term care. The central purposes of these systems are to reduce the volume of manual work in recommendation systems. However, due to the increase of risk and uncertain factors of the diabetes patients, these healthcare systems cannot be utilized to extract precise physiological information about patient. Further, the existing ontology-based approaches cannot extract optimal membership value of risk factors; thus, it provides poor results. In this regards, this paper presents a type-2 fuzzy ontology–aided recommendation systems for IoT-based healthcare to efficiently monitor the patient's body while recommending diets with specific foods and drugs. The proposed system extracts the values of patient risk factors, determines the patient's health condition via wearable sensors, and then recommends diabetes-specific prescriptions for a smart medicine box and food for a smart refrigerator. The combination of type-2 Fuzzy Logic (T2FL) and the fuzzy ontology significantly increases the prediction accuracy of a patient's condition and the precision rate for drug and food recommendations. Information about the patient's disease history, foods consumed, and drugs prescribed is designed in the ontology to deliver decision-making knowledge using Protégé Web Ontology Language (OWL)-2 tools. Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules and fuzzy logic are employed to automate the recommendation process. Moreover, Description Logic (DL) and Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) queries are used to evaluate the ontology. The experimental results show that the proposed system is efficient for patient risk factors extraction and diabetes prescriptions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The available healthcare systems are imperfect to extract precise physiological information of patients. </LI> <LI> The classical ontologies are unable to recommend diets without knowing the current condition of a patient. </LI> <LI> Wearable sensors with type-2 fuzzy logic efficiently monitor the patient's body. </LI> <LI> Fuzzy ontology-based knowledge precisely suggests diabetes-specific prescriptions. </LI> <LI> Type-2 fuzzy ontology significantly increases the prediction accuracy of a patient's condition. </LI> </UL> </P>
Priority-Based Cloud Computing Architecture for Multimedia-Enabled Heterogeneous Vehicular Users
Ali, Amjad,Liu, Hongwu,Bashir, Ali Kashif,El-Sappagh, Shaker,Ali, Farman,Baig, Adeel,Park, Daeyoung,Kwak, Kyung Sup Hindawi Limited 2018 Journal of advanced transportation Vol.2018 No.-
<P>In recent days, vehicles have been equipped with smart devices that offer various multimedia-related applications and services, such as smart driving assistance, traffic congestions, weather forecasting, road safety alarms, and many entertainment and comfort applications. Thus, these smart vehicles produce a large amount of multimedia-related data that require fast and real-time processing. However, due to constrained computing and storage capacities, such huge amounts of multimedia-related data cannot be processed in on-board standalone devices. Thus, multimedia cloud computing (MCC) has emerged as an economical and scalable computing technology that can process multimedia-related data efficiently while providing improved Quality of Service (QoS) to vehicular users from anywhere, at any time and on any device, at reduced costs. However, there are certain challenges, such as fast service response time and resource cost optimization, that can severely affect the performance of the MCC. Therefore, to tackle these issues, in this paper, we propose a dynamic priority-based architecture for the MCC. In the proposed scheme, we divide multimedia processing into four different subphases, while computing resources to each computing server are assigned dynamically, according to the workload, in order to process multimedia tasks according to the multimedia user Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of service response time and resource cost optimization using the CloudSim simulator.</P>
Aizaz Ali Farman,Muhammad Irfan,Noor Ul Amin,Zaib Jahan,Xiangju Song,Heqing Jiang,Saeed Gul 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.11
The selection of an appropriate draw solution is decisive to augment the performance of the forward osmosis (FO) process with maximal permeate flux and minimal reverse solute flux. Inorganic salts provide higher permeate flux in FO, but high reverse salt flux (RSF) associated with greater diffusivity limits their potential application. Herein, the incorporation of organic compounds including sodium acetate (NaAce) and glucose in CaCl2 provides draw solutions with constant osmotic pressure for boosting FO performance. The PRO mode (active layer facing draw solution) is examined with 0.18m/s of cross-flow velocity using a polyamide membrane associated with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) interlayer on a NaOH treated polyacrylonitrile substrate. The 5% NaAce with CaCl2 as a draw solution (DS) delivers better performance against deionized water compared to glucose, resulting in lower RSF (6.64 g/m2 h) and higher water flux (23.9 L/m2 h). The NaAce with CaCl2 suppresses RSF up to 41% without a significant reduction in permeate flux compared to single salt DS. The optimized draw solution concentrates the orange juice, resulting in 2.13 L/m2 h of average water flux and 3.6 g/m2 h of RSF for 72 h, thus concentrating the orange juice from the initial concentration of 13 oBrix to 24 oBrix.
Jadoon Aniqa,Ali Zarshad,Farooq W.A.,Ali Farman,Price Gareth J.,Taimur Shaista,Atif M.,AlMutairi Mona A.,Yaqub Nafeesah,Bibi Saira 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.40 No.-
In this investigation, the practicability of utilizing 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APTES) crosslinked chitosan (Ch)/graphene oxide (GO) membranes were explored for adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous medium. Membranes were successfully fabricated through solution casting technique. Strong interactions amongst matrix (chitosan), 3-APTES, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and GO were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the chitosan was improved by adding graphene oxide and results were verified via thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Swelling and hydrolytic results confirmed that 2 %-Ch/PVP was a stable membrane while increasing the amount of 3-APTES in the chitosan nanocomposites membrane decreased its stability in aqueous medium. The adsorption characteristics of the membranes were evaluated by the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous medium. The adsorbent can remove 80% of CR from aqueous medium and follows second order kinetics. This study outlines the possibility of exploring green membranes which can be easily fit in various flow systems.