부산 지하철과 베이징 지하철의 장애인을 위한 시설 디자인 비교 연구

구팡(Gu, Fang),김명수(Kim, Myung-Soo) 한국디자인학회 2019 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

고령화 사회의 공공 공간 환경 디자인의 사고에 관한 연구

구팡(Gu Fang),조정형(Cho Joung Hyung),김철수(Kim Chul Soo) 한국디자인학회 2018 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

중국 공유주택 사유화에 따른 부의 불평등 문제 고찰

노현구(Roh, Hyun Gu),吳次芳(Wu, Ci Fang),方明(Fang, Ming),정재호(Chung, Jae Ho) 한국부동산학회 2011 不動産學報 Vol.47 No.-

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This paper aims to examine the privatization of Chinese public housing during commercial housing process after reform and open since 1978. Also, this study is to explore and analysis uneven wealth distribution caused by the privatization of Chinese public housing. (2) RESEARCH METHOD This study was performed through Chinese literature investigation and consultation with relevant experts. (3) RESEARCH RESULTS China started to sell public housing to their employees by very cheap price through private housing reform after 1982. As of 2007, Shanghai has been sold 1.73 million public housings to employees, ninety-six percent of public housings were privatized. However, relative to commercial housing, the price of public housing was 2.78 times cheaper than it in 2000. By 2009, it was 10 times cheaper than commercial housing. 2. RESULTS Throughout the welfare housing to the currency housing, the employees with workplace have continued to benefit from housing reform, which exacerbated rich-poor polarization.

Characterization and Resistance Mechanisms of A 5-fluorouracil-resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line

Gu, Wei,Fang, Fan-Fu,Li, Bai,Cheng, Bin-Bin,Ling, Chang-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Purpose: The chemoresistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to cytotoxic drugs, especially intrinsic or acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), still remains a major challenge in the management of HCC. In the present study, possible mechanisms involved in MDR of HCC were identified using a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human HCC cell line. Methods: BEL-7402/5-FU cells were established through continuous culturing parental BEL-7402 cells, imitating the pattern of chemotherapy clinically. Growth curves and chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs were determined by MTT assay. Doubling times, colony formation and adherence rates were calculated after cell counting. Morphological alteration, karyotype morphology, and untrastructure were assessed under optical and electron microscopes. The distribution in the cell cycle and drug efflux pump activity were measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of potential genes involved in MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: Compared to its parental cells, BEL-7402/5-FU cells had a prolonged doubling time, a lower mitotic index, colony efficiency and adhesive ability, and a decreased drug efflux pump activity. The resistant cells tended to grow in clusters and apparent changes of ultrastructures occurred. BEL-7402/5-FU cells presented with an increased proportion in S and G2/M phases with a concomitant decrease in G0/G1 phase. The MDR phenotype of BEL-7402/5-FU might be partly attributed to increased drug efflux pump activity via multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS), resistance to apoptosis by augmentation of the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio, and intracellular adhesion medicated by E-cadherin (E-cad). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might play a limited role in the MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU. Conclusion: Increased activity or expression of MRP1, Bcl-xl, TS, and E-cad appear to be involved in the MDR mechanism of BEL-7402/5-FU.

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON DIFFUSION SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF Ni-BASE ALLOY RIGID MESHES MATERIAL

Fang, Yucheng,Gu, Lin 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.2

Ni-base alloy(GH30) rigid sintering meshes is an impotant porus functional and structural material used for transpiration cooling. In this report, diffusionsintering characteristics of the meshes material have been studied by the different surface modification methods, such as electroless plating, ion sputtering, metal ion direct implantation and ion beam assisted deposition. The main resutls indicate that transitive liquid phase sintering induced by surface alloy depositions and surface activation produced by implantation of active ion B and Nb can effectively improve the sintering properties and the micro structure of the material. For surface modification treatment, cleaning by ion-beam sputtering in high vacuum befroe deposition or implantation plays an important rloe in impriving the interface micro structure. AES, XPS and SEA have been used investigate the distribution and the behavior of the active ion B and Nb. Changes of electron emission feature of surface atoms during heating appear to be mahor factor on the effect of surface modification. From these test evidences, the surface modification and activation mechanisms of diffusion sintering for Ni-base alloy rigid meshes material have been discussed.

<i>In Vivo</i> Clearance and Toxicity of Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanocrystals

Gu, Luo,Fang, Ronnie H.,Sailor, Michael J.,Park, Ji-Ho American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.6

<P>Thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors has been found to generate highly crystalline iron oxide (IO) nanocrystals that display superior MR contrast and lower polydispersity than IO nanocrystals synthesized by aqueous precipitation. In the present study, the <I>in vivo</I> characteristics of IO nanocrystals prepared by the thermal decomposition route and then coated with a phospholipid containing a pendant poly(ethylene glycol) chain are examined. The size and surface chemistry of the IO nanocrystal influence the biodistibution, the rate of biodegradation and bioclearance, and the biodegradation products. We conclude that the <I>in vivo</I> fate of PEGylated monodisperse IO nanocrystals and the iron, phospholipid, and oleic acid biodegradation products may influence the cellular environments in the organs and blood that can determine their safety in the body.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-6/nn300456z/production/images/medium/nn-2012-00456z_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn300456z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Prognostic Significance of Desmoglein 2 and Desmoglein 3 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Fang, Wang-Kai,Gu, Wei,Liao, Lian-Di,Chen, Bo,Wu, Zhi-Yong,Wu, Jian-Yi,Shen, Jian,Xu, Li-Yan,Li, En-Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objective: Desmogleins (DSGs) are major members among the desmosomal cadherins critically involved in cell-cell adhesion and the maintenance of normal tissue architecture in epithelia. Reports exploring links of DSG family member expression with cancers are few and vary. The aim of this study was to investigate the ratio of DSG2 and DSG3 mRNA expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue to normal tissue (T/N ratio) and evaluate correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: The mRNA expression of DSGs, as well as ${\gamma}$-catenin and desmoplakin, was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 85 cases of ESCC tissue specimens. Results: The expression level of DSG3 mRNA was significantly higher than that of DSG2 in ESCC specimens (p=0.000). DSG3 mRNA expression highly correlated with histological grade (p=0.009), whereas that of DSG2 did not significantly relate to any clinicopathologic parameter. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that only DSG3 expression had an impact on the survival curve, with negative DSG3 expression indicating worse survival (p=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated DSG3 to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated the mRNA level of DSG3 to highly correlate with those of ${\gamma}$-catenin and desmoplakin in ESCC samples (p=0.000), implying that the expression of desmosomal components might be regulated by the same upstream regulatory molecules. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DSG3 may be involved in the progression of ESCC and serve as a prognostic marker, while expression of DSG2 cannot be used as a predictor of ESCC patient outcome.

Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-I in four parts of the red deer antler

Gu, Lijuan,Mo, Eunkyoung,Yang, Zhihong,Zhu, Xuemei,Fang, Zheming,Sun, Baishen,Wang, Chunyan,Bao, Jianfeng,Sung, Changkeun Informa Healthcare 2007 Growth factors Vol.25 No.4

<P> The expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the four parts (tip, upper, mid and base) of the red deer antler has been extensively investigated. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques to localize IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and IGF-I peptide in the four parts of the antler. The specific sequence encoding IGF-I was detected by RT-PCR in all of the four specimens, and the 395 bp IGF-I sequence from the red deer antler was shown to have very high homology with human, goat and mouse IGF-I. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expression of IGF-I occurred in chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the tip and upper parts of the antler. However, IGF-I was only detectable in osteoblasts around the bone in the mid and base parts. There were significant differences in the intensity of the signal obtained with the IGF-I probe in the tip, upper, mid and base tissues. The Western blot analysis also provided evidence that IGF-I expression was localized differentially in the four parts of the deer antler. This study indicates that antler tissue is an essential part of the IGF system, which is involved in the regulation of the growth of red deer antlers. The specific expression of IGF-I in the four parts of the deer antler suggests that the IGF-I molecule is present at significantly different levels throughout the deer antler development and regeneration processes. Localization of IGF-I in chondrocytes and osteoblasts suggests that IGF-I may play an important role in cartilage and bone formation. In addition, it may have a variety of biophysical effects that influence the rapid growth of deer antlers.</P>

Computational design towards energy efficient optimization in overconstrained robotic limbs

Gu Yuping,Wang Ziqian,Feng Shihao,Sun Haoran,Lu Haibo,Pan Jia,Wan Fang,Song Chaoyang 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.5

Legged robots are constantly evolving, and energy efficiency is a major driving factor in their design. However, combining mechanism efficiency and trajectory planning can be challenging. This work proposes a computational optimization framework for optimizing leg design during basic walking while maximizing energy efficiency. We generalize the robotic limb design as a four-bar linkage-based design pool and optimize the leg using an evolutionary algorithm. The leg configuration and design parameters are optimized based on user-defined objective functions. Our framework was validated by comparing it to measured data on our prototype quadruped robot for forward trotting. The Bennett robotic leg was advantageous for omni-directional locomotion with enhanced energy efficiency.

A numerical solution to fluid-structure interaction of membrane structures under wind action

Fang-jin Sun,Ming Gu 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.1

A numerical simultaneous solution involving a linear elastic model was applied to study the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of membrane structures under wind actions, i.e., formulating the fluid-structure system with a single equation system and solving it simultaneously. The linear elastic model was applied to managing the data transfer at the fluid and structure interface. The monolithic equation of the FSI system was formulated by means of variational forms of equations for the fluid, structure and linear elastic model, and was solved by the Newton-Raphson method. Computation procedures of the proposed simultaneous solution are presented. It was applied to computation of flow around an elastic cylinder and a typical FSI problem to verify the validity and accuracy of the method. Then fluid-structure interaction analyses of a saddle membrane structure under wind actions for three typical cases were performed with the method. Wind pressure, wind-induced responses, displacement power spectra, aerodynamic damping and added mass of the membrane structure were computed and analyzed.