Evaluation of antitumor activity of Artemisia capillaris extract against hepatocellular carcinoma through the inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis

Jang, Eungyeong,Kim, So-Young,Lee, Na-Rae,Yi, Chae-Min,Hong, Da-Rong,Lee, Woo Seok,Kim, Jong-Ho,Lee, Kyung-Tae,Kim, Bum-Joon,Lee, Jang-Hoon,Inn, Kyung-Soo NATIONAL HELLENIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION 2017 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.37 No.1

<P>Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays critical roles in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Artemisia capillaris (AC) has been widely used to treat various liver diseases including HCC as a herbal medicine. The effects of AC on IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in HCC cells and subsequent anticancer activity of AC against HCC were analyzed using HCC cell lines and HBV W4P-LHB-expressing NIH3T3 cell line, which has been shown to gain tumorigenicity by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling in our previous study. AC extract significantly suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cells. In addition, it inhibited the activation of STAT3 by IL-6 and subsequent synthesis of downstream molecules in HCC and W4P-NIH3T3 cells. Consequently, migration of cells was significantly suppressed by the AC extract. Collectively, the findings suggest that AC extract is capable of conferring various antitumor effects against HCC through the modulation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. The results provide a basis for the therapeutic use of AC in the treatment of HCC. Identification of the compound responsible for the effect may lead to the development of a novel anticancer agent against HCC.</P>

Tensile and Electrical Properties of Direct Aged Cu-Ni-Si-x%Ti Alloys

Eungyeong Lee,한승전,어광준,임성환,이재현,김상식 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the tensile and electrical properties of aged Cu-4Ni-Si-Ti (C4NS-Ti) alloys, with and without solution heat treatment (SHT) prior to aging, were examined. The C4NS specimens, without and with 0.09 and 0.18 wt% of Ti, were prepared and either SHT + aged or DAed (directly aged) at 450 °C for various durations ranging from 0 to 6 h, and the tensile and electrical properties were measured. It was demonstrated that the combined tensile strength/electrical conductivity was substantially greater for the DAed C4NS specimens as compared to the SHT + aged counterparts, and the addition of Ti provided further improvement. The aging responses of DAed C4NS specimens were also strongly affected by added Ti. The effect of SHT on the tensile and electrical properties of aged C4NS alloys and the change in aging behavior with the addition of a small amount of Ti were discussed as a function of aging time based on the micrographic and fractographic analyses.

Phytotherapeutic Activities of <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i> and its Chemical Constituents: A Review

Jang, Eungyeong,Inn, Kyung-Soo,Jang, Young Pyo,Lee, Kyung-Tae,Lee, Jang-Hoon Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2018 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.46 No.2

<P><I>Sanguisorba officinalis</I> Linne (<I>S. officinalis</I>, Rosaceae) has been used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of burns, hematemesis, melena, intestinal infections, and dermatitis for a long time in China, Korea, and Japan. The therapeutic efficacy of this herb is intimately associated with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hemostatic, and anticancer activities. Its root contains triterpenoid saponins (zigyuglycoside I: C<TEX>$ _{41}$</TEX>H<TEX>$ _{66}$</TEX>O<TEX>$ _{13}$</TEX> and ziyuglycoside II: C<TEX>$ _{35}$</TEX>H<TEX>$ _{56}$</TEX>O<SUB>8</SUB>) and tannins (sanguiin H-6: C<TEX>$ _{82}$</TEX>H<TEX>$ _{54}$</TEX>O<TEX>$ _{52}$</TEX>). It has been recently revealed that these active constituents of <I>S. officinalis</I> possess antiwrinkle properties without cytotoxicity. They also have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, they can inhibit proliferative tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism involved in the pharmacological actions of these active constituents is mainly related to p38 MAPK signaling. Although various studies have reported its therapeutic activities and major chemical components, review articles that extensively organize various properties of <I>S. officinalis</I> and its major constituents are still scarce. Taken together, the objective of this paper is to provide overall pharmacological and phytochemical profiles of <I>S. officinalis</I> and its constituents (including ziyuglycoside I, ziyuglycoside II, and sanguiin H-6), and their potential roles in clinical applications for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, bleeding disorders, and cancer.</P>

등가초기손상(EIDS) 분포에 따른 확률론적 균열성장 해석 방안

이은경(Eungyeong Lee),진승우(Seungwoo Jin),윤종호(Chongho Yoon) 한국항공우주학회 2018 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

말뭉치 자료에 근거한 ‘是…的’ 분열구문의 유형과 동사의 상황유형 고찰

이은경 ( Lee Eungyeong ) 한국중국언어학회 2022 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.102

Based on the corpus data, this paper analyzed various focus constructions of the cleft sentence ‘Shi…De’. The cleft sentences extracted from corpus data are classified into three major types as ‘O+Shi+XP+VP’, ‘S+Shi+XP+VP’, and ‘Shi+XP+VP’. According to the results of this analysis, the verbs with stronger feature of telicity and weaker feature of duration, can appear more freely in the cleft construction. In other words, the factors affecting the interpretation of the sentence with ‘Shi…De’ as a cleft construction are the two features, telicity and duration of the verbs. When a verb contains the feature of [+telic], it means that the internal structure of the verb necessarily includes a natural endpoint. The actions that these verbs mean are likely to be recognized as individual events. Therefore, when a telic verb appears in the form of ‘Shi…De’, it is always easily recognized as a single event that occurred in the past. On the other hand, when a verb contains the feature of [-telic], it does not include a natural endpoint, and except for non-durative active verbs that have no feature of duration, all include a certain duration section. The action that these verbs mean is not a single event, but is more likely to be recognized as a repetitive and habitual event. Therefore, the more durative feature a verb have, the more restricted the sentences is in its interpretation as a cleft construction.

A Survey of Therapeutic Effects of <i>Artemisia capillaris</i> in Liver Diseases

Jang, Eungyeong,Kim, Bum-Joon,Lee, Kyung-Tae,Inn, Kyung-Soo,Lee, Jang-Hoon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-

<P><I>Artemisia capillaris</I> has been recognized as an herb with therapeutic efficacy in liver diseases and widely used as an alternative therapy in Asia. Numerous studies have reported the antisteatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antiviral, antifibrotic, and antitumor activities of <I>A. capillaris</I>. These reports support its therapeutic potential in various liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, several properties of its various constituents, which provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects, have been studied. This review describes the scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of <I>A. capillaris</I> and its constituents in various liver diseases.</P>

현대중국어 ‘V的是O’와 ‘V的O’ 구문의 대조 분석

이은경 ( Lee¸ Eungyeong ) 한국중국언어학회 2023 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.108

This paper compared and analyzed the types of verbs and objects appearing in the construction ‘V+De(的)+Shi(是)+O’ and the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’. As a result of the analysis, the following differences were found in the situation types of verbs and the referentiality and thematic roles of objects appearing in the two constructions. First, all types of verbs can appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+Shi (是)+O’, but in the case of the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’, verbs with telic property and verbs with less durative property generally appear. In other words, state situation types and the activity situation types with strong durative property are generally cannot appear in the the construction ‘V+De+O’. Second, both definite and nonreferential noun phrases can appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+Shi(是)+O’ and the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’. However, in the case of an indefinite noun phrase, it can appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+Shi(是)+O’, but it cannot appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’. Third, if the object represents a patient, result, goal, location, it can appear in both constructions, and the object representing a instrument cannot generally appear in both constructions. In addition, in the case of the percept, agent and source argument, they can appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’, but cannot appear in the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’. Therefore, it can be seen that the more transitive the typical object, the easier it is to be used as an object in the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’. Based on the analysis results above, it is judged that the construction ‘V+De(的)+Shi(是)+O’ and the construction ‘V+De(的)+O’ are different each other.

전염병의 경로 추적 및 예측을 위한 통합 정보 시스템 구현

김은경 ( Eungyeong Kim ),이석 ( Seok Lee ),변영태 ( Young Tae Byun ),이혁재 ( Hyuk-jae Lee ),이택진 ( Taikjin Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.14 No.5

세계적으로 전파력과 병원성이 높은 신종인플루엔자, 조류독감 등과 같은 전염병이 증가하고 있다. 전염병이란 특정 병원체(pathogen)로 인하여 발생하는 질병으로 감염된 사람으로부터 감수성이 있는 숙주(사람)에게 감염되는 질환을 의미한다. 전염병의 병원체는 세균, 스피로헤타, 리케차, 바이러스, 진균, 기생충 등이 있으며, 호흡기계 질환, 위장관 질환, 간질환, 급성 열성 질환 등을 일으킨다. 전파 방법은 식품이나 식수, 곤충 매개, 호흡에 의한 병원체의 흡입, 다른 사람과의 접촉 등 다양한 경로를 통해 발생한다. 전 세계의 대부분 국가들은 전염병의 전파를 예측하고 대비하기 위해서 수학적 모델을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 과거와 달리 현대 사회는 지상과 지하 교통수단의 발달로 전염병의 전파 속도가 매우 복잡하고 빨라졌기 때문에 우리는 이를 예방하기 위한 대책 마련의 시간이 부족하다. 그러므로 전염병의 확산을 막기 위해서는 전염병의 전파 경로를 예측할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하다. 우리는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 전염병의 실시간 감시 및 관리를 위한 전염병의 감염 경로 추적 및 예측이 가능한 통합정보 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 논문에서는 전염병의 전파경로 예측에 관한 부분을 다루며, 이 시스템은 기존의 수학적 모델인Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) 모델을 기반으로 하였다. 이 모델의 특징은 교통수단인 버스, 기차, 승용차, 비행기를 포함시킴으로써, 도시내 뿐만 아니라 도시간의 교통수단을 이용한 이동으로 사람간의 접촉을 표현할 수 있다. 그리고 한국의 지리적 특성에 맞도록 실제 자료를 수정하였기 때문에 한국의 현실을 잘 반영할 수 있다. 또한 백신은 시간에 따라서 투여 지역과 양을 조절할 수 있기 때문에 사용자가 시뮬레이션을 통해서 어느 시점에서 어느 지역에 우선적으로 투여할지 백신을 컨트롤할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션은 몇가지 가정과 시나리오를 기반으로 한다. 그리고 통계청의 자료를 이용해서 인구 이동이 많은 주요 5개 도시인서울, 인천국제공항, 강릉, 평창, 원주를 선정했다. 상기 도시들은 네트워크로 연결되어있으며 4가지의 교통수단들만 이용하여 전파된다고 가정하였다. 교통량은 국가통계포털에서 일일 교통량 자료를 입수하였으며, 각도시의 인구수는 통계청에서 통계자료를 입수하였다. 그리고 질병관리본부에서는 신종인플루엔자 A의 자료를 입수하였으며, 항공포털시스템에서는 항공 통계자료를 입수하였다. 이처럼 일일 교통량, 인구 통계, 신종인플루엔자 A 그리고 항공 통계자료는 한국의 지리적 특성에 맞도록 수정하여 현실에 가까운 가정과 시나리오를 바탕으로 하였다. 시뮬레이션은 신종인플루엔자 A가 인천공항에 발생하였을 때, 백신이 투여되지 않은 경우, 서울과 평창에 각각 백신이 투여된 경우의 3가지 시나리오에 대해서, 감염자가 피크인 날짜와 I (infectious)의 비율을 비교하였다. 그 결과 백신이 투여되지 않은 경우, 감염자가 피크인 날짜는 교통량이 가장 많은 서울에서 37일로 가장 빠르고, 교통량이 가장 적은 평창에서 43일로 가장 느렸다. I의 비율은 서울에서 가장 높았고, 평창에서 가장 낮았다. 서울에 백신이 투여된 경우, 감염자가 피크인 날짜는 서울이 37일로 가장 빨랐으며, 평창은 43일로 가장 느렸다. 그리고 I의 비율은 강릉에서 가장 높으며, 평창에서 가장 낮았다. 평창에 백신을 투여한 경우, 감염자가 피크인 날짜는 37일로 서울이 가장 빠르고 평창은 43일로 가장 느렸다. I의 비율은 강릉에서 가장 높았고, 평창에서는 가장 낮았다. 이 결과로부터 신종인플루엔자 A가 발생하면 각 도시는 교통량에 의해 영향을 받아 확산된다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 전염병 발생시 전파 경로는 각 도시의 교통량에 따라서 달라지므로, 교통량의 분석을 통해서 전염병의 전파 경로를 추적하고 예측함으로써 전염병에 대한 대책이 가능할 것이다. The incidence of globally infectious and pathogenic diseases such as H1N1 (swine flu) and Avian Influenza (AI) has recently increased. An infectious disease is a pathogen-caused disease, which can be passed from the infected person to the susceptible host. Pathogens of infectious diseases, which are bacillus, spirochaeta, rickettsia, virus, fungus, and parasite, etc., cause various symptoms such as respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, and acute febrile illness. They can be spread through various means such as food, water, insect, breathing and contact with other persons. Recently, most countries around the world use a mathematical model to predict and prepare for the spread of infectious diseases. In a modern society, however, infectious diseases are spread in a fast and complicated manner because of rapid development of transportation (both ground and underground). Therefore, we do not have enough time to predict the fast spreading and complicated infectious diseases. Therefore, new system, which can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by predicting its pathway, needs to be developed. In this study, to solve this kind of problem, an integrated monitoring system, which can track and predict the pathway of infectious diseases for its realtime monitoring and control, is developed. This system is implemented based on the conventional mathematical model called by `Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model.` The proposed model has characteristics that both inter- and intra-city modes of transportation to express interpersonal contact (i.e., migration flow) are considered. They include the means of transportation such as bus, train, car and airplane. Also, modified real data according to the geographical characteristics of Korea are employed to reflect realistic circumstances of possible disease spreading in Korea. We can predict where and when vaccination needs to be performed by parameters control in this model. The simulation includes several assumptions and scenarios. Using the data of Statistics Korea, five major cities, which are assumed to have the most population migration have been chosen; Seoul, Incheon (Incheon International Airport), Gangneung, Pyeongchang and Wonju. It was assumed that the cities were connected in one network, and infectious disease was spread through denoted transportation methods only. In terms of traffic volume, daily traffic volume was obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). In addition, the population of each city was acquired from Statistics Korea. Moreover, data on H1N1 (swine flu) were provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and air transport statistics were obtained from Aeronautical Information Portal System. As mentioned above, daily traffic volume, population statistics, H1N1 (swine flu) and air transport statistics data have been adjusted in consideration of the current conditions in Korea and several realistic assumptions and scenarios. Three scenarios (occurrence of H1N1 in Incheon International Airport, not-vaccinated in all cities and vaccinated in Seoul and Pyeongchang respectively) were simulated, and the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach its peak and proportion of Infectious (I) were compared. According to the simulation, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days when vaccination was not considered. In terms of the proportion of I, Seoul was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Seoul, the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach at its peak was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Pyeongchang, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that H1N1, upon the first occurrence, is proportionally spread by the traffic volume in each city. Because the infection pathway is different by the traffic volume in each city, therefore, it is possible to come up with a preventive measurement against infectious disease by tracking and predicting its pathway through the analysis of traffic volume.

고등학교 인공지능 기초 교과서 속 인공지능 윤리 딜레마 분석

김은경(Eungyeong Kim),이은경(Eunkyoung Lee),이영준(Youngjun Lee) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2023 한국컴퓨터교육학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

현대중국어 ‘S是V的O’와 ‘S是VO的’ 구문의 대조 분석

이은경 ( Lee Eungyeong ),공범련 ( Kong Fanlian ) 한국중국언어학회 2023 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.106

This paper analyzed the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’ and the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De(的)’. The analysis results are as follows. First, the state situation type verbs cannot appear in the construction ‘S+Shi (是)+V+De(的)+O’, but can appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De (的)’. When the state verb appears in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De (的)’, it functions as a verum-focus structure. Second, activity situation type verbs with strong durative property cannot appear in the construction ‘S+Shi (是)+V+De(的)+O’, but can appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De (的)’. When a strong durative verb appears in the construction ‘S+Shi (是)+V+O+De(的)’, it is interpreted as a nominalized sentence and functions as a predicate-focus structure. Next, when a less durative verb appears in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’, the tense of the sentence is interpreted as the past and functions as an argument-focus structure. And, a less durative verb generally cannot appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De(的)’, but can appear when S is a generic noun phrase, and in this case, the tense of the sentence is interpreted as the present and functions as a predicate-focus structure. In the case of semelfactive situation type verbs, they can appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’, but cannot appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De(的)’. In addition, when the semelfactive verbs appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’, the tense of the sentence is interpreted as the past and functions as an argument-focus structure. Third, acomplishment and achievment situation type verbs can appear in construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’, but cannot appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+O+De(的)’. And, when two types of verbs appear in the construction ‘S+Shi(是)+V+De(的)+O’, the tense of the sentence is always interpreted as the past and functions as an argument-focus structure.