혼성경기선수의 선행종목이 경기력에 미치는 영향

김응식,안재오 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of the winning points in different sporting events of mixture athletes and found out how the preceding items experienced by them influenced competitive performance. The results are used as basic data for the selection of mixture athlete and improvement of their competitive performance. For the study, performance of 49 players(man-29. women-30) who won over 5500 - 3600 points in total were sampled from Athletic Sports Records from 1999 to 2002 published by the Korea Athletics Federation. Through research from the book, we could obtain the following results : averaging, correlative analysis, multi-regression analysis and covariance analysis. 1) It showed that for Korean mixture athletes, competitive performance in Short Distance was relatively stronger compared with that of jumping and throwing, but the competitive performance of throwing needing specialty technique is relatively very low. 2) It showed that an individual item that had a greatest influence on the competitive performance of the Korean Mixture athletes was discus throwing, height, and weight, each, but stature and weight did not influence on the competitive performance. 3) Items that have a significant difference of competitive performance according to preceding athletic items performance were 110mH, long jump, pole vault and discus throwing for the man, but the woman was high jump. 4) For Decathlon event, a good record was found when a preceding item was jump. And a good record was found when a preceeding item was the mixture in Heptathlon

맨손무예의 변천사를 통한 태권도의 미래발전에 관한 연구

김응식,송용성 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

"Taekwondo" was originated from "Soo Bakh", a sport widely prevalent in the period of the Three States. It was called Taekkyon in the Chosun Dynasty, then only after the independence of the nation it has named as "Taekwondo." And after the modern, this traditional martial art has divided into Taekwondo and Taekkyon but this separation brought about some historical errors. Now, they are very crucial cultural assets that conveys the historical traces of our ancestors This research is so written as to provide some light to the direction for future development. The conclusion is followings: First, in philosophy, Taekwondo has been influenced by a diversity of religions and they are "Idea Han"(harmony and union), "Hongikingan"(Humanism), Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Thus, these stand on the basis of nature accommodation Second, in the principle, it's the nature accommodation which is achieving spiritual enlightenment by special breathing and motion training. Taekkyon has a intangible principle, while Taekwondo has tangible. Third, in the history and characteristic, Both has similar history but a little differences. Taekkyon is martial arts and kind of light dancing, which has unique characters. On the other hand, Taekwondo has functions of both martial arts and sports ,which is linear and shapely. It's almost the national sport. Fourth, in a match, they usually use feet rather than hands. However Taekkyon use the method of knocking someone down without a protection belt, while Taekwondo use the way of kicking quickly with a protection belt. Finally I think Taekwondo should be developed in the programs : showing an excellent example, curing diseases of adult people etc at the same time. Now, I think Taekwondo of acquiring arts in Korea should change into what everybody can feel, see, and be touched. After all this will make Korea culture spread widely and help the national image and tourism marketing advance.

태권도 수련 프로그램 적용에 따른 정신력 효과

김응식,윤오남,선석령,구희성 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2003 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

This study had a purpose to define an effect of mental strength according to the application of Taekwondo Training Programs. In order to achieve this study objective, the Delphi Technique Analysis and the Quantitative Research were carried out. For this purpose, firstly, experts' opinions about the programs which were practiced in the Taekwondo gym was analyzed. Secondly, the background variable and training level, the training programs, and the difference of Taekwondo mental strength were analyzed. And thirdly, the relations between the Taekwondo training level, the training program, and the Taekwondo mental strength, etc. were analyzed. The analysis of Taekwondo training programs by the DeIphi Technique was performed by means of the 3rd analysis with 30 experts. And as for the Quantitative Research, the study subjects were targeted for the total 265 pupils composed of 224 boys and 41 girls who were selected by the Group Random Sampling. This study took the primary school students in 4-6 years as the population who were training Taekwondo in the gym which was located in Gwangju. The measurement instrument for research survey consisted of five (5) question items for background variables, three (3) question items for training level, three (3) question items for training programs, and twenty-five (25) question items for Taekwondo mental strength, that is, which totaled thirty-six (36) question items in all. As for the relationship model settings between the related variables, gender, school year, income level, academic records, training motive variables were established. As for the independent variables, the medium variables for Taekwondo training level were set up by the training programs. And, the Taekwondo mental strength variables were established for the dependent variables. The data which were collected by using questionnaires were dealt with according to the research objectives. As for the statistical techniques for analysing the treated data, skill statistics, unitary variance analysis, multiple regression analysis were employed. As for the relation of mental strength according to the application of Taekwondo training programs based on the method and procedure of this study, the following results were obtained in accordance with the basis of the Delphi Technique Analysis and result of the Quantitative Research. First, in the program analysis through the Delphi Technique, it was investigated that the following factors were achieved. In the body-centered programs, factors such as curiosity, creative power, interest, etc. were achieved. In the mind-centered programs, factors such as social nature, character, etiquette. sense of cooperation, creative power, and interest etc. were achieved. In the play-centered programs, factors such as meditation, personal relations, creative power, self-esteem, and reliance etc. were achieved. Second, in the differences of Taekwondo programs on the basis of the background variables, school year and income level showed the statistically significant differences in the body-centered and the mind-centered programs among the types of Taekwondo training programs. And the statistically significant difference was shown about the income level in the play-centered programs. This result showed the fact that, in training Taekwondo, pupils showed differences for adapting themselves to the contents of body-, mind-, and play-centered programs according to the contents of programs based on school year and income level which were parts of the background variables. Third, in the relations between the Taekwondo training level and the programs, for the great influence which they had on the body-centered programs about the period, frequency, and the intensity. pupils could adapt themselves well to the training as the period became longer in the body-centered programs. They could also adapt themselves well to the high-intensity training when they were not absent and trained more frequently. As for the period, about the thing which it influenced the mind-centered programs, as they were trained longer in the mind-centered programs, the training period became longer. Also, as for the period and frequency. it was considered that what influenced the play-centered programs was the fact that, as pupils were trained longer, the training period became longer in the play-centered programs. And they seemed to feel more pleasure and interest as the training period became longer and when they were not absent, and when they were trained more frequently. Fourth in the relation between the Taekwondo training level and the mental strength, for the period and the frequency which belongs to the training level, the thing which had significant impact on the sub-factors of the mental strength such as patience, courage, and etiquette was the fact that patience, courage and etiquette which were the sub-factors of mental strength were improved as the Taekwondo training period was longer, and they were trained more frequently. Fifth, in the relation between the type of Taekwondo program and the mental strength, patience, courage, and etiquette was highly improved in the body-centered programs. And courage was highly improved in the mind-centered programs. Also, what had significant impact on patience, courage and etiquette was the body of the Taekwondo program type in the play-centered programs. Likewise, for the mind- and play-centered programs, the mental strength such as patience, courage and etiquette was highly improved as they were trained more frequently.

운동종목별 좌우다리 특성비교

김응식 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1997 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The results which found Pearson's correlation coefficients of basic physical strengths(muscular strength, power and coordination) and exercise abilities among ordinary students and athletic players(soccer, handball, field hockey, wrestling, volleyball, weight lifting, kendo and taekwondo) are as follows. 1. Ordinary students. The students who have good muscular strength and coordination showed a higher performance rate in boomerang run, that is, ball control ability and shooting which was used to test accuracy of exercise ability. 2. Weight lifting players They had higher correlation with muscular strength of right and left legs, ball control ability, kicking a soccer ball long and shooting ability which was an accuracy factor. And also there was higher correlation with sargent jump, ball control ability and the accuracy factor. 3. Kendo players They had higher correlation with standing long jump, kicking a soccer ball long and shooting which was an accuracy factor and there was correlation to some degree with boomerang run. 4. Wrestling players They had higher correlation with right and left muscular strength, ball control, kicking ball long and shooting which was an accuracy factor. But there was lesser correlation among right muscular strength, kinking a soccer ball long with left leg and left leg shooting. 5. Field hockey They had higher correlation with standing with one foot and eyes shut, ball control ability, kicking a soccer ball long, shooting which was an accuracy factor. and there was higher correlation between sargent and kicking a soccer ball long, and between sargent jump with right leg and kicking a soccer ball long. 6. Teakwondo players They had higher correlation with sargent jump ball control, kicking a soccer ball long, and shooting. And There was correlation to some degree between standing with one foot and eyes shut and ball control with right foot. 7. Handball players They had higher correlation with sargent jump, ball control, shooting ball long, shooting. There was higher correlation between standing with one foot and eyes shut which was used to test coordination ability and all exercise ability tests. And There was correlation to some degree between kicking a soccer ball long and shooting. 8. Volleyball players They had higher correlation with sargent, ball control, kicking a soccer ball long and shooting ability. And there was higher correlation between muscular strength of right leg and ball control ability. 9. Soccer players They had higher correlation with 4 basic physical fitness tests and 3 exercise ability tests. I think it is because they improve their performance skills with the exercise ability tests.

CDMA 모듈을 이용한 로봇 원격제어기 개발

김우식,윤수정,김응석 한라대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

In this paper, we study the robot controller design using the voice and data communication via CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) mobile communication network We design the robot remote controller using the three methods, telephone call speech recognition, DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) realization, SMS(Short Message Service) transmission/reception way via CDMA mobile communication network We investigate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed remote controller which applied to the mobile robot

초등학생의 태권도 수련 프로그램과 정신력과의 관계

김옥주,김응식 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

This study had a purpose to define The Relations Between Taekwondo Training Programs and Mental Strength of Elementary School Students. In order to achieve this study objective, the Delphi Technique Analysis and the Quantitative Research were carried out. The analysis of Taekwondo training programs by the Delphi Technique was performed by means of the 3rd analysis with 30 experts. And as for the Quantitative Research, the study subjects were targeted for the total 265 pupils composed of 224 boys and 41 girls who were selected by the Group Random Sampling. This study took the primary school students in 4~6 years as the population who were training Taekwondo in the gym which was located in Gwangju. The results of this study that based on the methods and procedures summarized as follows: Taekwondo programs on the basis of the background variables, school year and income level showed the statistically significant differences in the body-centered and the mind-centered programs among the types of Taekwondo training programs. And the statistically significant difference was shown about the income level in the play-centered programs. This result showed the fact that, in training Taekwonclo, pupils showed differences for adapting themselves to the contents of body-, mind-, and play-centered programs according to the contents of programs based on school year and income level which were parts of the background variables.

10종 경기에서 선수의 선행 종목이 경기력에 미치는 영향

김응식,안재오 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

This study made a comparative analysis of the winning points in different sporting events of decathletes and positively identified how the preceding items experienced by them influenced competitive performance. The results are to be used as basic data for the selection of decathletes and improvement of their competitive performance. For the study, performance of 29 players who won 5500 points in total were sampled from athletic sports records from 1999 to 2002 published by the Korea Athletics Federation. After that, the following results were obtained through averaging, correlation analysis, multi-regression analysis and covariance analysis. 1) It was demonstrated that for Korean decathletes, competitive performance in Short put is relatively stronger compared with that of jumping and throwing, but that of throwing is relatively very low. 2) It was demonstrated that an individual item that has the greatest influence on performance was discus Throw and weight do not influence performance. 3) Items that have a significant difference of performance according to preceding athletic items performance were 110mH, long jump, pole vault and discus Throw. For 110mH, long jump, and pole vault, a good record was found when a preceding item was jump. For throwing, the best record was found in discus Throw.

Sports Massage에 따른 혈액성분 변화에 관한 연구

김관진,유응식 공주영상정보대학 1999 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

인천소재 재학중인 고등학교 태권도 선수 10명을 대상으로 Massage요법 시술 전후의 안정시와, 운동후의 RBC, WBC, HCT, Hb, ALB, T-Chol의 변화에 대해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 적혈구(RBD)는 Massage 시술전의 안정시의 평균치는 487(만)에서 운동후에는 528(만)으로 0.84% 증가치클 보였으며, 시술후의 안정시의 평균치는 500(만)으로 나타났으며, 운동후에는 563(만)으로 0.8% 증가치를 보였다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우 시술전보다 시술후가 0.96%증가치를 나타냈으며, 운동후의 경우에는 시술전보다 시술 후가 0.91% 증가치를 보였다. 2) 백혈구(WBC)는 Massage시술전의 안정시의 평균치는 7,619㎎/dl로 나타났으며, 운동후에는 8,574㎎/dl로서 0.89% 증가치를 보였으며, 시술후의 안정시의 평균치는 8,718㎎/dl로 나타났으며, 운동후에는 9,717㎎/dl로서 0.9% 증가치를 보였다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우 시술전보다 시술후가 0.87% 증가치를 나타냈으며, 운동후의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.92% 증가치를 보였다. 3) Hematocrit(Hct) Hematocrit는 Massage 시술전의 안정시의 평균치는 44.11g/dl로 나타났으며, 운동후는 47.1g/dl로 안정시보다 0,93증가치를 보였으며, 시술후의 안정시 평균치는 46㎎/dl, 운동후는 51.7g/dl 증가하였으며 안정시보다 0.89%의 증가치를 나타냈다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우 시술전보다 시술 후가 0.96%의 증가치를 보였으며, 운동후의 경우 시술전보다 시술 후가 0.91% 증가치를 보였다. 4) Hemoglobin(Hb)은 Massage 시술전의 안정시의 평균치는 14.4㎎/dl에서 운동후에는 15㎎/dl로서 0.94% 증가치를 보였으며, 시술후의 안정시의 평균치는 15.4㎎/dl, 운동후는 16.5㎎/dl로서 0.93% 증가치를 보였다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.94%로 증가치를 보였다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우 시술전보다 시술후가 0.94%로 증가치를 나타냈으며, 운동후의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.92%증가치를 보였다. 5) Albumin(ALB)은 Massage 시술전의 안정시 평균치는 4.5g/dl, 운동후는 4.8g/dl로 0.93% 증가치를 보였으며, 시술후의 안정시의 평균치는 4.7g/dl, 운동후의 평균치는 5.1g/dl로서 0.92% 증가치를 보였다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.96% 증가치를 보였으며, 운동후의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.94% 증가치를 보였다. 6) Cholesterol은 Massage 시술전의 안정시 평균치는 129mmg/이, 운동후의 평균치는 140mg/dl로 0,92% 증가치를 나타내었으며, 시술후의 경우에는 안정시의 평균치가 141mg/dl, 운동후의 평균치가 152mg/dl로서 0.9% 증가치를 보여주었다. 시술전후의 안정시의 경우, 시술전보다 시술후가 0.91% 증가치를 나타내었으며, 운동후의 경우 시술전보다 시술후가 0.92% 증가치를 보였다.

한국 전통무예와 태권도의 변천 과정

김응식,선석령 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2001 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

The history of naming as Military Arts originated in about the 2nd century when the competition had been embodied and the classical scholars had trained themselves in the Military Arts basically, and in the Koguryo Dynasty when the Military Arts had been educated in the Tae-hak Institute where Confucianism had been taught. The thought of Korean Military Arts is to accomplish the completion of character which possesses both "courtesy" and "morality" through cultivating one's moral sense. The thought of Military Arts in the Kochosun Dynasty was "Morality through wisdom" where the goal of morality or discipline existed in maintaining the ethical public order of the nation. The Military Arts of Koryo Dynasty was based on the Confucian ideology respecting loyalty, filial piety and righteousness And in the Koryo Dynasty, "Su-bak", "Keung-sa" and "Kyuk-gu" were very popular Especially, "Su-bak" was most popular as an individual Military Arts and became the origin of spirit of our nationality. The Military Arts of Yi Dynasty has a thought of Military Arts which aimed at wiping out the fighting under the six kinds of virtue such as filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, sincerity, reverence and holiness. With these influences of thought of the Korean Military Arts, Taekwondo, the Korean art of self-defense, which is based on the spirit of Military Arts of Su-bak and Taek-gyun resulted. The remains which can prove the historic fact about the birth of Taekwondo of our nation are found in many spots. One of them is wall paintings in the tomb of a crown prince which can be found at the ancient tombs of Koguryo Gak-jo-chong and Sam-sil-chong, etc. in the Kug-nae-song which was the capital of Koguryo that had placed at Tong-man, Jip-an-hyun, Tong-hwa-song of Manchuria in current China. These wall paintings still show the original form of Taekwondo. After Taekwondo occurred, it was called as Taek-gyun, Tok-go-ri, Taek-go-ni, Su-bak, Tae-kyun, Tak-grun, etc. and changed into Taekwondo until now. Kogurye, Baekje and Silla in the Three Kingdom Period strugg1ed with one another for territorial dispute for enlarging the sphere of influence and unification of the nations internally. And externally, the sports activities centered on the Military Arts to promote the spiritual awakening of national consciousness against the foreign enemy were done actively. Therefore, this study selected the approach by means of the idea for the changing process of phenomena laying great emphasis on Taek-gyun, Su-bak and Taekwondo to infer how the spiritual function and principle of Taekwondo of our nation has been changed emphasizing the thought of Military Arts.

濟州觀光開發과 民資誘致 促進戰略摸索

金應植 濟州大學校 社會發展硏究所 1989 社會發展硏究 Vol.5 No.-