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Santana, M.C.A.,Euclides, V.B.P.,Mancio, A.B.,Medeiros, S.R.,Costa, J.A.R.,Oliveira, R.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.3
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of supplements containing different energy sources in relation to mineral supplementation of steers grazing guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv Tanz$\hat{a}$nia) pasture, during the dry season. The experimental design was a randomized block with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a mineral supplementation and two other supplements, one based on corn seed and the other based on soybean hulls, and provided at 0.8% of body weight. Forty-eight, 12 month-old crossbred steers with an average initial body weight of 267 kg, were assigned to twelve paddocks (1,125 ha) of guineagrass. The animals that were fed with soybean hulls and corn seed presented a greater average daily gain (0.982 and 0.937) when compared with the mineral supplementation. Soybean hulls can be used as a satisfactory food source, replacing corn as an energy source in the supplementation of beef cattle without compromising animal performance.
90-Day Oral Toxicity Assessment of Tropaeolum majus L. in Rodents and Lagomorphs
Valdinei de Oliveira Araujo,Carlos Eduardo Linhares Andreotti,Michelle de Paula Reis,Daniely Alves de Lima,Karoline Bach Pauli,Bruna Caroline Nunes,Caroline Gomes,Ricardo de Melo Germano,Euclides Lara 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.8
Tropaeolum majus L., popularly known as nasturtium, is a species widely used in the form of infusions and salads. In the last years, the antihypertensive, diuretic, and calcium and potassium sparing activities of T. majus preparations were shown. Moreover, no preclinical 90-day oral toxicity studies were conducted. Thus, this study evaluated the toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract obtained from T. majus (HETM) leaves in female and male mice, rats, and rabbits. Swiss mice and Wistar rats were treated with HETM (75, 375, and 750 mg/kg). The doses of rabbits (30, 150, and 300 mg/kg) were calculated by allometric extrapolation. The control groups received vehicle. The animals were orally treated, daily, for 90 days. At the end, the animals were anesthetized, and body weight gain, relative weight of liver, kidney, and spleen, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Serum hematological and biochemical parameters were also analyzed. No alterations were found in body and organ weights or in histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Hematological analyses revealed small changes in lymphocytes and neutrophil counts in rats after administration of 750 mg/kg of HETM. These results showed that 90-day use of T. majus is safe in rodents and lagomorphs.
Washington Rogerio de Sousa,Bruno Henrique Lopes Botelho Lourenc¸o,Michelle de Paula Reis,Guilherme Donadel,Marcia Alessandra Arantes Marques,Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior,Ezilda Jacomassi,Salviano Tra 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.1
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.; Aquifoliaceae) is a popular tonic and stimulant beverage that is widely consumed in different South American countries. Estimates indicate the consumption of >1 L per day in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Despite its relatively high consumption, data on reproductive toxicity during critical periods of gestation remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis leaves (“chimarrão” [IPC]) at two critical periods of gestation in Wistar rats: preimplantation embryonic stage and fetal organogenesis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with IPC (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) from days 1 to 7 or 8 to 21 of pregnancy. The respective control groups received vehicle. During treatment, clinical signs of maternal toxicity, maternal body weight, and food and water intake were monitored. The rats were killed on days 8 and 20 of pregnancy, and the following parameters were evaluated: weight of the maternal uterus, weight of the liver, weight of the kidneys, weight of the spleen, total embryo implantation, preimplantation loss, the mean of live fetuses, the percentage of dead fetuses, fetus weight, and fetal malformation. The aqueous extract of the leaves of I. paraguariensis L. did not present any deleterious effects on preimplantation embryos or the organogenesis of offspring from female Wistar rats. These safety data provide evidence that IPC may be safe for consumption during gestation.
Point Source effect on Overlay Accuracy in IBBI Aligning System
Lee, Jawoong,Moon, Euclid E.,Everett, Patrick N.,Smith, Henry I. 順天大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.1
In order to satisfy <130 nm ground rules, several nanometer (σ) overlay accuracy is required. Recently, IBBI(Interferometric Broad Band Imaging) system is being developed to obtain the nanometer overlay accuracy with the point X-ray source at the NSL(NanoStructures Lab.) of MIT. In this paper we theoretically analyzed the various error sources which affect the overlay accuracy and derived the comprehensive equations which represent the overlay accuracy between two adjacent exposure levels. The equations include gap, position of the source, slant angle, rotational angle, and electron-beam writing error as the independent variables. Some criteria to achieve 1 nm overlay accuracy within one-inch-square exposure field for IBBI system were prepared. To reduce the magnification error, we found that the control of gap, source position, slant angle should be to less than 10 nm, 30μm, 0.4 μrad respectively. The rotational angular uncertainty should be less than 0.04 μrad. The electron-beam writing error should be less than 0.5 nm.