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An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus
Sukhyun Ryu,Byung Chul Chun,Korean Society of Epidemiology 2019-nCoV Task Force Team 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-
OBJECTIVES: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) from Wuhan, China is currently recognized as a public health emergency of global concern. METHODS: We reviewed the currently available literature to provide up-to-date guidance on control measures to be implemented by public health authorities. RESULTS: Some of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV have been identified. However, there remain considerable uncertainties, which should be considered when providing guidance to public health authorities on control measures. CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies incorporating more detailed information from confirmed cases would be valuable.
Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health an,Katherine Bartley,Denise Paone,Ellenie Tuazon 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Previous research has found that greater income inequality is related to problematic alcohol use across a variety of geographical areas in the USA and New York City (NYC). Those studies used self-reported data to assess alcohol use. This study examined the relationship between within-neighborhood income inequality and alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS: The study outcome was the alcohol-related ED visit rate per 10,000 persons between 2010 and 2014, using data obtained from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. The main predictor of interest was income inequality, measured using the Gini coefficient from the American Community Survey (2010-2014) at the public use microdata area (PUMA) level (n=55) in NYC. Variables associated with alcohol-related ED visits in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in a multivariable model. RESULTS: There were 420,568 alcohol-related ED visits associated with a valid NYC address between 2010 and 2014. The overall annualized NYC alcohol-related ED visit rate was 100.7 visits per 10,000 persons. The median alcohol ED visit rate for NYC PUMAs was 88.0 visits per 10,000 persons (interquartile range [IQR], 64.5 to 133.5), and the median Gini coefficient was 0.48 (IQR, 0.45 to 0.51). In the multivariable model, a higher neighborhood Gini coefficient, a lower median age, and a lower percentage of male residents were independently associated with the alcohol-related ED visit rate. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that higher neighborhood income inequality was associated with higher neighborhood alcohol-related ED visit rates. The precise mechanism of this relationship is not understood, and further investigation is warranted to determine temporality and to assess whether the results are generalizable to other locales.
Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center,Epidemiology and Case Management Team,Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.1
Objectives The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. Methods The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. Results There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. Conclusion COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease.
Coronavirus Disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center,Epidemiology and Case Management Team,Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.2
We report the first 7,755 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Korea as of March 12th, 2020. A total of 66 deaths have been recorded, giving a case fatality proportion of 0.9%. Older people, and those with comorbidities were at a higher risk of a fatal outcome. The highest number of cases of COVID-19 were in Daegu, followed by Gyeongbuk. This summary may help to understand the disease dynamics in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreaks, and may therefore, guide future public health measures.
Korean Society of Infectious Diseases,Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,Korean Society of Epidemiology,Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy,Korean Society for Healthcare-associated I 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.10
Since the first case of coronavirus disease19 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China, as of March 2, 2020, the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 89,069 cases in 67 countries and regions. As of 0 AM, March 2, 2020, the Republic of Korea had the second-largest number of confirmed cases (n = 4,212) after China (n = 80,026). This report summarizes the epidemiologic features and the snapshots of the outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 and March 2, 2020.
Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center,Epidemiology and Case Management Team,Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.1
In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient’s route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient’s claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center,Epidemiology and Case Management Team,Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.3
In the above-mentioned article, the authors want to update the errors in Results and Table 3, specifically the errors in the percentages and the subheadings with clearer meaning. The authors regret this error and would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
이보영(Bo Young Lee),지동현(Donghyun Jee),대한안과학회 역학조사위원회(Epidemiology Survey Committee of the Korean Ophthalmology Society) 대한안과학회 2016 대한안과학회지 Vol.57 No.2
목적: 포도의 섭취와 당뇨망막증의 유병률과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 국민건강영양조사 2008‐2011 중에서 30세 이상이면서 당뇨병을 가지고 있는 1,555명을 대상으로 하였다. 포도 섭취 빈도는 식품 섭취 빈도 조사법을 기준으로 조사하여, 지난 1년간 평균 포도 섭취의 빈도를 10단계로 나누어 평가하였다. 당뇨망막증은산동 후에 7장의 표준망막사진을 얻어 분석하였다. 당뇨망막증을 Airlie House 분류체계에 따라서 전체 당뇨망막증, 증식 당뇨망막증,그리고 실명위험 당뇨망막증으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결과: 당뇨망막증은 16.9 ± 1.2%에서 발견되었다. 포도 섭취 빈도가 1단계 증가함에 따라 전체당뇨망막증은 14% 감소하였고(odds ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75‐0.98), 증식 당뇨망막증은 35% 감소하였으며(OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48‐0.88), 실명위험 당뇨망막증은 23% 감소하였다(OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60‐0.99). 포도 섭취 빈도가 한 달에 1회 미만일 경우에 비하여 한 달에 2‐3회섭취할 경우에, 전체 당뇨망막증은 46% 감소하였고(OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33‐0.89), 증식 당뇨망막증은 75% 감소하였으며(OR 0.25,95% CI 0.07‐0.81), 실명위험 당뇨망막증은 64% 감소하였다(OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13‐0.95). 결론: 포도 섭취가 증가할수록 당뇨망막증의 유병률이 감소하였다. Purpose: To evaluate the association between grape intake and diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study using a nation-wide, stratified, multistage, clustered sampling method included 1,555 subjects aged ≥30 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008-2011. All participants performed standardized interviews, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Grape intake was evaluated by an FFQ using 10 intervals of average frequency of grape intake during the past year. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was evaluated by 7 standard retinal fundus photographs after pharmacological pupil dilatation. DR was classified as any DR, proliferative DR, or vision-threatening DR by the modified Air House classification system. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 16.9 ± 1.2%. As the grape intake frequency increases in FFQ, the odds ratio (OR) for any DR, proliferative DR, and vision-threatening DR were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.98), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48-0.88), and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60-0.99) respectively. Compared to the group with a grape intake of less than once per month, the OR for any DR, proliferative DR, and vision-threatening DR in the group with a grape intake of more than 2-3 times per month were 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.89), 0.25 (95% CI 0.07-0.81), 0.36 (95% CI 0.13-0.95), respectively. Conclusions: The intake of grapes was inversely associated with the prevalence of DR.
나이관련황반변성 관련요인: 국민건강영양조사 2008-2012
Tyler Hyungtaek Rim,Se Woong Kang,Jae Pil Shin,Seung-Young Yu,Su Jeong Song,Christopher Seungkyu Lee,Sung Soo Kim,the Epidemiologic Survey Committee of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 한국망막학회 2018 Journal of Retina Vol.3 No.1
Purpose: To evaluate the associations between early/late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and systemic and ocular parameters using national population-based data. Methods: From 2008 to 2012, a total of 16,897 participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent ophthalmologic examinations by the Korean Ophthalmological Society. Cases of early and late (neovascular and geographic atrophy) AMD were identified using digital fundus images. Risk factors were identified using logistic regression. Results: Age-standardized prevalence of early and late AMD among subjects aged 40 years and older was 5.5% and 0.6%, respectively. Increasing age was the most significant risk factor for both early and late AMD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.07–1.10; aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10−1.19, respectively). Patients who slept, on average, more than nine hours per day (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47−1.00) and who were in the lowest quintile (≤ 38.21 g/dL) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51−0.92) were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of early AMD. Increasing spherical equivalent (SE) [aOR: 0.53 of the first quintile of SE ≤ -1.38 diopters (D), 95% CI: 0.35−0.78; aOR: 1.41 of the fifth quintile of SE ≥ +0.69 D, 95% CI: 1.07−1.86] was associated with a higher prevalence of early AMD. Lower quartile of systolic blood pressure (≤ 110.0 mmHg) was associated with a lower prevalence of neovascular AMD (aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09−0.67). Conclusions: Aging was the most significant risk factor for both early and late AMD. Lower level of HDL cholesterol, longer duration of sleep, and myopia had protective associations with early AMD, while lower systolic blood pressure had a protective association with neovascular AMD.