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Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumour : From Tumours to Therapies
Richardson, Elizabeth Anne,Ho, Ben,Huang, Annie The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2018 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.61 No.3
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs) are the most common malignant central nervous system tumours in children ${\leq}1year$ of age and represent approximately 1-2% of all pediatric brain tumours. ATRT is a primarily monogenic disease characterized by the bi-allelic loss of the SMARCB1 gene, which encodes the hSNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Though conventional dose chemotherapy is not effective in most ATRT patients, high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant, radiotherapy and/or intrathecal chemotherapy all show significant potential to improve patient survival. Recent epigenetic and transcriptional studies highlight three subgroups of ATRT, each with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics with corresponding therapeutic sensitivities, including epigenetic targeting, and inhibition of tyrosine kinases or growth/lineage specific pathways.
Won, Jong Ho,Humphrey, Elizabeth L,Yeager, Kelly R,Martinez, Alexis A,Robinson, Camryn H,Mills, Kristen E,Johnstone, Patti M,Moon, Il Joon,Woo, Jihwan American Institute of Physics for the Acoustical S 2014 JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA - Vol.136 No.5
<P>The hypothesis of this study was that broader patterns of physiological channel interactions in the local region of the cochlea are associated with poorer spectral resolution in the same region. Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) were measured for three to six probe electrodes per subject to examine the channel interactions in different regions across the electrode array. To evaluate spectral resolution at a confined location within the cochlea, spectral-ripple discrimination (SRD) was measured using narrowband ripple stimuli with the bandwidth spanning five electrodes: Two electrodes apical and basal to the ECAP probe electrode. The relationship between the physiological channel interactions, spectral resolution in the local cochlear region, and vowel identification was evaluated. Results showed that (1) there was within- and across-subject variability in the widths of ECAP channel interaction functions and in narrowband SRD performance, (2) significant correlations were found between the widths of the ECAP functions and narrowband SRD thresholds, and between mean bandwidths of ECAP functions averaged across multiple probe electrodes and broadband SRD performance across subjects, and (3) the global spectral resolution reflecting the entire electrode array, not the local region, predicts vowel identification.</P>
High School Students' Perceived Creativity Self-efficacy and Emotions in a Service Learning Context
Ai-Girl Tan,Valerie Ho,Elizabeth Ho,Steve Ow 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.2
Our study examined the relationship of creativity self-efficacy and emotions of high school students (n = 279) in Singapore before and after they attended a three to five-day international service learning program. Participants completed a creativity self efficacy scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). We found a positive, significant correlation between creativity efficacy and positive affect, life satisfaction and subjective happiness but negative correlation with negative mood affect. In addition, students whose creativity efficacy was moderately high were found to have reported higher ratings of life satisfaction after having participated in service learning. Our findings provide initial evidence suggesting that service learning with positive intervention is positively related to creativity self-efficacy and happiness of youth.
Modeling of Suspended Solids and Sea Surface Salinity in Hong Kong using Aqua/MODIS Satellite Images
Man Sing Wong,Kwon Ho Lee,Young Joon Kim,Janet Elizabeth Nichol,Zhang Qing Li,Nick Emerson 大韓遠隔探査學會 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.3
A study was conducted in the Hong Kong with the aim of deriving an algorithm for the retrieval of suspended sediment (SS) and sea surface salinity (SSS) concentrations from Aqua/MODIS level 1B reflectance data with 250m and 500m spatial resolutions. `In-situ` measurements of SS and SSS were also compared with coincident MODIS spectral reflectance measurements over the ocean surface. This is the first study of SSS modeling in Southeast Asia using earth observation satellite images. Three analysis techniques such as multiple regression, linear regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the MODIS data and the `in-situ` measurement datasets of the SS and SSS. Correlation coefficients by each analysis method shows that the best correlation results are multiple regression from the 500m spatial resolution MODIS images, R2=0.82 for SS and R2=0.81 for SSS. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between satellite and `in-situ` data are 0.92mg/L for SS and 1.63psu for SSS, respectively. These suggest that 500m spatial resolution MODIS data are suitable for water quality modeling in the study area. Furthermore, the application of these models to MODIS images of the Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region are able to accurately reproduce the spatial distribution map of the high turbidity with realistic SS concentrations.
Jun, Do-Youn,Jaffee, Elizabeth M,Kim, Young-Ho The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2005 Immune Network Vol.5 No.2
Background: As an attempt to develop a strategy to improve the protective immune response to GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (GM-CSF/CT26) tumor vaccine, we have investigated whether the apoptogenic treatment of GM-CSF/CT26 prior to vaccination enhances the induction of anti-tumor immune response in mouse model. Methods: A carcinogeninduced mouse colorectal tumor, CT26 was transfected with GM-CSF gene using a retroviral vector to generate GM-CSF-secreting CT26 (CT26/GM-CSF). The CT26/GM-CSF was treated with ${\gamma}$-irradiation or mitomycin C to induce apoptosis and vaccinated into BALB/c mice. After 7 days, the mice were injected with a lethal dose of challenge live CT26 cells to examine the protective effect of tumor vaccination in vivo. Results: Although both apoptotic and necrotic CT26/GM-CSF vaccines were able to enhance anti-tumor immune response, apoptotic CT26/GM-CSF induced by pretreatment with ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) was the most potent in generating the anti-tumor immunity, and thus 100% of mice vaccinated with the apoptotic cells remained tumor free for more than 60 days after tumor challenge. Conclusion: Apoptogenic pretreatment of GM-CSF-secreting CT26 tumor vaccine by ${\gamma}$-irradiation (50,000 rads) resulted in a significant enhancement in inducing the protective anti-tumor immunity. A rapid induction of apoptosis of CT26/GM-CSF tumor vaccine at the vaccine site might be critical for the enhancement in anti-tumor immune response to tumor vaccine.
The Role of Endoscopic Management in Afferent Loop Syndrome
Wu Clement Chun Ho,Brindise Elizabeth,Abiad Rami El,Khashab Mouen A. 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.3
Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a morbid complication that may occur after gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy reconstruction. The aim of this article is to review the different endoscopic treatment options of ALS. We describe the evolution of the endoscopic treatment of ALS and its limitations despite the overall propitious profile. We analyze the advantages of endoscopic ultrasound-guided entero-enterostomy (EUS EE) over enteroscopy-guided intervention, and the clinical outcomes of EUS EE. We expound on pre-procedural considerations, intra-procedural techniques and post-procedural care following EUS EE. We conclude that given the simplification of the technique and the ability to place a stent away from the tumor, EUS EE is a promising technique that will likely be established as the treatment of choice for ALS.