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Nazar, Maqsud E.,Sinha, S.N. Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.24 No.5
This paper describes a series of laboratory tests carried out to evaluate the influence of bed joint orientation on interlocking grouted stabilised mud-flyash brick masonry under uniaxial cyclic compressive loading. Five cases of loading at $0^{\circ}$, $22.5^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $67.5^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ with the bed joints were considered. The brick units and masonry system developed by Prof. S.N. Sinha were used in present investigation. Eighteen specimens of size $500mm{\times}100mm{\times}700mm$ and twenty seven specimens of size $500mm{\times}100mm{\times}500mm$ were tested. The envelope stress-strain curve, common point curve and stability point curve were established for all five cases of loading with respect to bed joints. A general analytical expression is proposed for these curves which fit reasonably well with the experimental data. Also, the stability point curve has been used to define the permissible stress level in the brick masonry.
Sinha, S.,Kim, D.I.,Fleury, E.,Suwas, S. Elsevier Sequoia 2015 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.626 No.-
The present investigation deals with grain boundary engineering of a modified austenitic stainless steel to obtain a material with enhanced properties. Three types of processing that are generally in agreement with the principles of grain boundary engineering were carried out. The parameters for each of the processing routes were fine-tuned and optimized. The as-processed samples were characterized for microstructure and texture. The influence of processing on properties was estimated by evaluating the room temperature mechanical properties through micro-tensile tests. It was possible to obtain remarkably high fractions of CSL boundaries in certain samples. The results of the micro-tensile tests indicate that the grain boundary engineered samples exhibited higher ductility than the conventionally processed samples. The investigation provides a detailed account of the approach to be adopted for GBE processing of this grade of steel.
Sinha, Jasmine,Lee, Stephen J.,Kong, Hoyoul,Swift, Thomas W.,Katz, Howard E. American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.3
<P>We report a synthesis route to a thiophene polymer where the repeat unit consists of 3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene (as in PQT12) plus an additional thiophene ring from which other functional groups may be projected. The hydroxymethyl form of this polymer, while only a poor semiconductor in its own right, serves as a vehicle for compatibilizing PQT12 itself with arbitrary functional groups. In this article, we focus on tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as the functionality. As expected, the TTF group acts as a hole trap, as shown by loss of hole mobility and a surprising negative Seebeck coefficient, but this enables a current-increase response to trinitrotoluene as an analyte and confirms a similar observation we recently reported for a dissolved TTF. Added dopants also fill the trap states, restoring hole mobility and the typical positive Seebeck coefficient.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-3/ma3019365/production/images/medium/ma-2012-019365_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma3019365'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
E. Fosso-Kankeu,Hemant Mittal,F. Waanders,Suprakas Sinha Ray 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.48 No.-
This research paper reports on the utilization of the hydrogel of gelatine (GL) and its hybridnanocomposite with clinoptilolite for the adsorption of Cd2+ ions from an aqueous solution and multimetalions from mine effluents. The hydrogel was synthesized using the graft co-polymerization ofacrylamide (AAm) onto GL and the hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by incorporatingclinoptilolite within the hydrogel matrix. The synthesized polymers were characterized using differentcharacterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. The adsorption behaviour of thesynthesized adsorbents for the adsorption of Cd2+ was studied using different adsorption parameterssuch as pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-orderrate equation, whereas, the adsorption isotherm followed both the Freundlich and Langmuir isothermmodels. The thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous andendothermic in nature. Moreover, the synthesized adsorbents were also successfully utilized for theadsorption of different metal ions from the mine effluents.
Pareto-optimization of complex system architecture for structural complexity and modularity
Sinha, K.,Suh, E. S. SPRINGER VERLAG KG 2018 Research in engineering design Vol.29 No.1
<P>Due to ever-increasing complexity of cutting-edge engineering systems, the need for managing structural complexity and modularity of such systems is becoming important. The complexity of the overall system architecture is mostly decided during the initial concept generation stage, when configurations of major modules within the system are determined. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework for (1) minimizing the variation in complexity allocation to individual modules, while (2) maximizing for the degree of modularity. The optimization framework was applied to a case study, where a trailing bogie system for railroad train was optimized for structural complexity allocation among individual modules and overall system modularity. The modularity maximizing decomposition is shown to induce a large variation in module-level complexity distribution with a small fraction of modules sharing a disproportionately large chunk of overall system complexity, while equitable distribution of module-level complexity leads to erosion in the degree of modularity achieved for the resulting system decomposition.</P>
Solution processable organic p-n junction bilayer vertical photodiodes
Kong, H.,Sinha, J.,Hoeft, D.,Kirschner, S.B.,Reich, D.H.,Katz, H.E. Elsevier Science 2013 Organic electronics Vol.14 No.3
Organic p-n bilayer photodiodes were produced by solution casting poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) from chlorobenzene and phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM):poly(4-chlorostyrene) (PClS) blends from the nearly orthogonal solvent dichloromethane onto flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)/polyester as a substrate. This is the first demonstration of PCBM-inert polymer blends for such a device. The electron mobility of a 90% PCBM-10% PClS blend was 3.5x10<SUP>-3</SUP>cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs in a field-effect transistor. The diodes showed a rectification ratio of 2.0x10<SUP>3</SUP> at +/-2.0V with a forward bias current density as high as 340μA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 2.0V in the dark. Irradiation with various light sources (0.013-291mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) under ambient atmosphere generated a linear increase in photocurrent. Photodiodes with thinner active layers showed larger photocurrent and relative photoresponse, probably because of lower series resistance and lower recombination probability. The reverse bias response was less dependent on device area than the forward bias response. Photocurrents from multiple devices in parallel were additive as expected. The results demonstrate a simple fabrication route to light detectors compatible with solution processes and flexible substrates.
Templated Crosslinked Imidazolyl Acrylate for Electronic Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Kong, Hoyoul,Sinha, Jasmine,Sun, Jia,Katz, Howard E. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A low‐voltage operable, highly sensitive, and selectively responsive polymer for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives is investigated. Resistive devices are fabricated by simple spin‐coating on flexible and transparent substrates in addition to silicon substrates and are stable under ambient temperature and oxygen levels before exposure to the nitroaromatics. After exposure to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), the devices show increased conductance, even with picogram (pg) quantities of TNT, accompanied by a confirming color change from colorless to deep red. The relative conductance increase per unit exposure is the highest yet reported for TNT. Aromatic anion salts, on the other hand, do not induce any electronic responses. <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR and microscopic analyses show chemical interactions and morphological changes correlated with the electronic responses, some of which are specific to TNT in relation to other nitroaromatics. The binding constant for the imidazole rings and TNT is on the order of tens of <SMALL>M</SMALL><SUP>−1</SUP>. The materials are promising for rapid indication of exposure to nitroaromatic compounds.</P>
S.K. Rout,S. Parida,E. Sinha,P.K. Barhai,I.W. Kim 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
Polycrystalline CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramic has been prepared through a modified chemical reaction technique. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the formation of a single phase orthorhombic perovskite structure. Simultaneous analysis of the complex impedance (Z*), and electric modulus (M*)spectroscopy was carried in the temperature range of 100–850 ℃. The dielectric relaxation is found to be of non-Debye type. The Nyquist plot shows the negative temperature coefficient of resistance type behavior. Two different conduction mechanisms are may be due to: (a) the dielectric relaxation processes due to localized conduction associated with oxygen vacancy; and (b) the non-localized conduction corresponding to long range conductivity associated with extrinsic mechanisms fundamentally associated due to the chemical inhomogeneity caused due to the difference in the ionic environment of Ca2+ and Bi3+ and their sharing in the A site of perovskite and [Bi2O2]2+ slabs. Different conductivity components are recognized inside the grain: long range dc conductivity at low frequency region, a capacitive behavior at higher frequencies, and a universal power law behavior in an intermediate-frequency region where grain boundary contributions are neglected.