中華人民 共和國 建國初期의 近代體育 發展過程 硏究

정동구 한국체육대학교 부속체육연구소 1995 체육연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.-

This study was to consider from historical records data on the modern physical education of the new-people's republic of China in the early days. There are results. In the beginning establishment of the people's republic of China, the purpose of physical education was on the basis of the thought of Marxism and Mo, Teak Dong. These are characters, as follows. The first, the modern sport of China was transmitted the new sport's methods and rules by the christian missionary group, and then, several students studying abroad extend them, and the former China selected the physical education in school by the new education system. etc The above can divided three route. The second, these sports activities of the China Soviet are prosperous things in a long way. We can know that a sporting event of the new peole's republic of China start from and epoch of revolution. These leaders do have coincide with the military affairs and the sports. Among leaders of a liberated area, Mo Teak Dong, Chu Duk, Chu En Rae etc, take a serious view of physical activities, because they thought that physical activities help to the physical strength and the revolutionary government education. They thought sports, a strong army and a wealthy country etc, equally. The third, we know that the sports development of the new people's republic of China promoted from the influence of the Soviet Union. At that time, the new China had received contents of the Soviet's sports. These are as follows, tell briefly ① The national management system ② The intentional training method of excellent players ③ A factory worker, the organizational management of sport association for factory workers. The new China has received the state amateurism, and then carry out it. These contents were received by Soviet Union's sport contribute to stronged the foundation of the new China. But, because of the one-sided receive, the new China has a lack of a characteristic and diversity of nation's culture. In the sports culture activities of new China, the central role was to school sports and sports associations. The school sports bring up the mass sports, in process of the physical education to emphasize certainly. The purpose of China's education is to nurture necessary men in socialistic construction. Through the organization and the role of sport's Association, we could examined these concrete practical items and results of the political measure on the sport activities of China. After establishment of the people's Republic of China, founded sport's associations are following three items. ① The All China Sports Federation founded in 1949 It was nationwide sports organization. Its main duties and works were to band together these sports enterprise association, to develop the mass sports association, to encourage sports project. Therefore, as the representative group of the China, it was endeavory group to modernize the China with invitation, competence detachment, control capability. ② The State Physical Education and Sports founded in 1952. Its chairman undertaked a cabinet minister. Its first minister was Ha Ryong. He was a person of merit of China revolution, and the vice prime minister of a minster of state. So, we could understand that the China government take a serious view of the sport. Its main duties is to regulate, direct and supervise sport culture enterprise. Besides, It has duties to support and supervise the All China Sports Federation and the China Olympic Committee. ③ The China Olympic Committee was a national organization to construct the China's sports development and Olympic movement promotion and ti promotes and propagates the sport objective of China Olympic and exchanges international Olympic committee. The International Olympic Committee recognized it to legitimate sports group, and then admissed in IOC. The IOC have authorized a power of representation of China, and then the China could participate in the Olympic and the Asian games in officially. The China encourages sports activities with the purpose of success of the anti-Japan revolution struggle. The sports project has the goal of the physical education to reinforcement the health and mental power of the people, strengthen the production growth and the power of national defense. The China also supports the international interchange with view of the struggle of diplomacy politics. Therefore, foundamental factors of the rapid development in china are in propel of the special policy of physical education. Because these political measures have propulsived with the people's own strength, the suffering inauguration of an enterprise, the strenuous exertion mental power. They have pushed ahead with continuance. Also, the sport development of the China was in the thought of actual truth pursuit, in the political philosophy on reconciliation of both extremities, in results of a mission and a subject of the times.

Ketoprofen 첩포제(Ketotop : )의 경피적용에 따른 혈장농도 및 피부자극의6 검토

임동석,장인진,신상구,유재학,은희철 大韓臨床藥理學會 1994 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

휴대용 기체 크로마토그래픽/광이온화 검출기 시스템의 개발

金萬九,沈智姬,이용근 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

기체시료 채취기와 짧은 모세관 컬럼(내경 0.3mm, 길이 3m), 광이온화 검출기 및 진공림프로 구성되어, 컬럼의 출구 압력이 대기압보다 낮은 압력에서 조작되는 휴대용 기채 크로마토그래피 시스템을 개발하였다. 컬럼의 규격은 Golay식을 이용한 계산 결과를 기초로 선택하였으며, 조작압력비(컬럼입구와 출구압력비)는 1.03-1.2의 범위가 적절하였고, 이 조건에서 0.87-4.63 ㎖/min의 컬럼유량을 얻을 수 있었다. 구경이 다른 3개의 큐브로 구성된 기체시료 채취기는 자동으로 기체시료를 직접 컬럼에 빠른 속도로 반복하여 도입할 수 있으며 좋은 재현성율 나타내었다. 컬럼출구 압력이 대기압 이하에서 조작되며 짧은 모세관 컬럼을사용하는 기체 크로마토그래피는 최적 컬럼유량이 일반적인 크로마토그래피보다 커 신속한 분석이 가능하여, 40초 이내에 m-xylene과 o-xylene의 바탕선 분리가 가능하였다. 시스템의 분리능력에 영향을 주는 인자는 시료 채취시간, 컬럼의 길이와 내경 및 조작압력비였고, 벤젠 유도체들을 사용하여 이들의 영향을 검토하였다. The portable gas chromatography System was developed which was consisted of ambient vapor sampler(AVS), short capillary column(3m long, 032mm I.d. GC(SCCGC). photoionization detector(PID) and vacuum pump which was operated at subambient pressure. The seletion of capillary column was based on the theoretical calculation from Golay equation. The pressure ratio of column inlet and outlet appropriated between 1.03 and 1.2 in the system. The available column flow were 037-4.63㎖/min at the pressure ratios. The AVS consisted of three concentric tubes and enables rapid. repetitive introduction of vapor samples directly into capillary column and showed good reproducibility. The subambient column outlet pressure with PID resulted in a significant increase in the optimum column flow, permitting rapid analysis. The baseline separation of m-xylene and o-xylene was able to within 40 second with the system. Parameters affecting the column resolving power were sampling duration, column length and diameter, and the pressure ratio. Effects of these parameters were investigated using bezene derivative compounds

청소년과 여가 권태감

구창모,김동진 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.1

According to accelerating of the spread and population of leisure in recent days, the attentions on the leisure participation of modern people has been hightened, and the systematical and academic approach on the leisure has been going on actively. While the tendancy of the study on the leisure maintained the level of the survey on the actual condition and theme of the study was very limited, the creative and profound study reated to the leisure began to be introduced recently. This paper is to describe the forgoing discussions and the tendancy of study on the basis of national and international researches. The findings of this study suggest as follow; First, it's impossible that the carses of leisure boredom are proved by the certain variable , but it can be explained through the interrelation between the personality predispostion and the situational device. Second, the term, boredom in leisure was created only a few years ago and the reality of leisure boredom is not appeared obviously until now. Third, if the hypothesis that adolescent substance abusers are more likely to experience leisure as boredom than non-substance abuseres can be authorized, it is expected that the wolution in treating adolescent substance abusers will approached to the new onset.

무명정맥에서 상대정맥으로 이탈된 자가팽창형 stent의 경피적 제거

구동억 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Self expandable stents are being used increasingly in conjunction with balloon dilatation for trearment of innominate vein stenosis. Stent misplacement or migration is a complication of the procedure, and may be symptomatic and warrant repositioning or removal. We report the case of a patient whose innominate vein stenosis was managed with self expandable stent and was complicated by embolization of stent into the superior vena cava. This report illustrates percutaneous endovascular removal of a migrated stent from the superior vena cava using a Goose neck snare

정상인 및 신기능장애환자에서 Carumonam(AMA-1080)의 약동학

임동석,이경훈,엄재호,한진석,김성권,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1994 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

국내 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 투여한 Amphotericin B deoxycholate와 Itraconazole 주사제의 비용-확인분석 : 예비보고

이동건,송영구,유진홍,최수미,최정현,박선희,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 진균감염이 점차 증가되고 있고 이를 치료하기 위한 비용 역시 증가하고 있지만 국내에서는 비용분석에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 호중구감소성 발열 환자에게 경험적 항진균제로 amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV)혹은 정맥내 itraconazole (ITZA)을 투여할 때의 약물경제학적 측면을 후향적으로 비교해보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 같은 반응률을 보인다고 가정한 비용-확인분석 모델을 이용하여 가톨릭대학교 조혈모세포이식센터에서 혈액종양으로 항암치료 혹은 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 항진균제 투여에 대한 정보는 기존에 출판된 논문 및 학회 심포지움자료를 참고하였고, 논문에서 얻지 못한 정보는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원 의무기록실, 정보지원팀, 진료비관리팀의 협조를 받아 2003년 6월 1일부터 11월 30일까지의 자료를 분석하였다. ITZA에 대한 자료는 2003년 11월 제한적으로 1차 약제로 사용할 수 있게 되었던 때의 자료와 경험을 참조하였다. 결과 : 320명의 환자 중 149명(46.5%)에서 경험적 항진균제를 사용하였고 평균 투여일수는 ABV 17.0일, ITZA 9.8일이었다. 이상반응 발현율은 ABV 54%, ITZA 5%였다. ABV 투여환자 중 11명 (7.4%)에서 혈액투석을 평균 6.5일간 시행하였다. ITZA 투여시 간독성으로 혈장분리반출술, 인공간 등이 필요한 경우는 없었다. 경험적 항진균제를 ABV로 시작한 군(ABV군)은 1인당 1,229,495원, ITZA로 시작한 군(ITZA군)은 1인당 1,434,605원이 소요되어 ITZA군에서 205,110원 (16.7%)이 더 소요되었다. 평균 16일간 항진균제를 사용하여 1일 12,819.4원의 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 비용-확인 분석법에서 ITZA군이 ABV군 비해 하루 12,819.4원의 비용이 더 소요되었다. 비록 ITZA군에서 비용이 더 들었지만 1일 약가차이인 4.7배와 비교하여 많이 감소하여 항진균제의 비용을 1일 약가로 비교하는 것보다는 재원일수, 이상반응 발현율 등을 고려하는 총입원비용으로 약물경제학을 비교하는 것이 더 합당할 것으로 사료된다. 그 외에 환자의 예후, 삶의 질, 사회적 간접비용 등을 고려하는 전체적인 약물경제학을 비교하는 잘 계획된 전향적 연구가 추가로 필요하겠다. Background : The increasing incidence of systemic fungal infections and the rising medical cost have focused the need to determine the economic issues of antifungal agents. Nevertheless there have been only few reports about the cost analysis in Korea. We retrospectively investigated to compare the pharmacoeconomic aspects of amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABV) with those of intravenous itraconazole (ITZA) in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Materials and Methods : Through the cost-identification analysis model, on the presumption that two groups would show identical response, we collected data of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy in Catholic HSCT center from Jun 1, 2003 to Nov 30, 2003. The literatures about information on antifungal therapy were extensively reviewed. Other unpublished information was provided by information assistant team, cost management team, and medical record unit in the same hospital. Results : Empirical antifungals were given to 149 out of 320 patients (46.5%). The average duration of administration were 17.0 days for ABV and 9.8 days for ITZA. The rates of adverse events were 54% and 5% for ABV and ITZA, respectively. Eleven (7.4%) patients given ABV received hemodialysis for 6.5 days in average. Among patients given ITZA, none developed hepatotoxicity requiring plasmapheresis or artificial liver. It cost 1,229,495 won/patient for the ABV group (starting ABV as empirical antifungal agent) and 1,434,605 won/patient for the ITZA group (starting ITZA as empirical antifungal agent) which was 16.7% more expensive than ABV group. When we compare the average daily cost for 16 days, the ITZA group spent 12,819.4 won/patient/day more than the ABV group. Conclusion : The cost-identification model in this study revealed that ITZA group cost more than ABV group. However, the difference in expense decreased when 1 day-cost was compared (4.7 times greater than ABV). It would be more reasonable to consider the total cost of anti-fungals during the hospitalization rather than 1 day cost in considering pharmacoeconomics. Well designed prospective study considering prognosis of patients, quality of life, and indirect social cost should be warranted.

연극놀이를 활용한 희곡 지도 방안 연구

신동구 서울교육대학교 국어교육과초등 국어 교육 연구소 2001 초등 국어교육 Vol.- No.11

GIS 및 QUAL2E 모델을 이용한 안양천 유역의 수질관리

윤동구,김경섭 한경대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

Anyang stream is a representative urban stream to be located in the middle of Korea. The water quality of this stream is improving, but the water quality standard in this drainage area can not be achieved by the several factors. The QUAL2E running for water quality control and management using GIS was conducted in this study. Sensitivity analysis was done to find the impact of parameters on each water quality constituent. The running results of BOD and DO were revealed that Kl was the most sensitive to these items and p and u were the most sensitive to Chl-a. Org-P and Dis-P were influenced by β₄ and σ_(5). The model parameter was calibrated with the water quality and flow measuring data of September 2002 by the optimization model incorporated with the influence factor, which is fast and objective approach.

敎育課程의 構成要因에 關한 一硏究 : 師範大學의 敎育課程을 中心으로

金東球 西原大學校 1977 西原大學 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The Primary purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the development of the teachers college curriculum and to examine critically the degree of impact of each selected independent variable in determining techers college curriculum. General factors, in teaching and in teacher education, occur in a time sequence and have degrees of proximity to the actual task. Logically and psychologically some elements in the preparation of teachers precede others. Some are remote from teaching, in the sense that there are many intervening variables, while others are close. Mitzel(1960) deal with teaching in terms forecast, process and output factors. Applying this terminology to teacher education, it is proposed to deal with forecast factors or decision which must be made before developing a program. of teacher education, process factors or the treatments propsed, and output factors or act6ual behavior produced. Microeconomic factors suggest that if teachers college district wishesto maximize student learning, there may exist an optimal professors salary level it should pay, given the student abilities in the population of teachers currently in the market, and certain other condition of demand and supply. Macrosocial factors suggest possible relationship among teachers college curricum, economic and technological change and social change. In the study, the above three variables selected:1)General Factors, 2)Microeconomic Factors and 3)Macrosocial Factors. This variables can be put into the form of simple mathemtical equation. TCC=f(GEF,MIF,MAF)……(0) The model then states that the teachers college curriulum is decided by a function of the general factors, microeconomic factors and macrosocial factors. In the general factors the three variables selected:(1)Forecast Factors, (2)Process Factors and (3)Output Factors. This bariables can be put into the form of simple mathematical equation. GEF=f(FCF,PRF,OPF)……(1) The submodel then states that the general factor is decided by a function of the forecast factors which are composed of context, cybernation, extend of lead, decision maker, bounbaries and selection factor, process factors which are composed of dimensions, extent of individualization, graduated conceptualization-practice, support systems and task centered curriculum factors, and output factors which are composed of feedback and valadity factors. In the microeconomic factors, the two variables selected:(1)Teaching Time per Unit and (2)Learning time per Unit. These Variables can be put into the form of simple mathematical equation. MIF=f(TTU,LTU)……(2) The submodel then state that the microeconomic factor is decided by a function of the teaching time per unit which is determened by demand supply conditions, wage level and selection function, and learning time per unit which is determined by the student's environment and abilities. In the macrosocial factors, a variable: (1)cocial change factors This Variable can be put into the form of simple mathematical equation. MAF=f(SCF)……(3) The submodel then states that the macrosocial factor is decided by a function of social change factor which is decided by the technological change factors.