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Preparation of the Transparent Conductive ZnO Nano Material by Means of Pulsed Spray Pyrolysis
Pham Hoang Ngan,Nguyen Quang Tien,Do Thanh Dat,Pham Van Nho 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5
Transparent conductive ZnO lms play an important role in nano science and nanotechnology. Many methods have had various successes in preparing ZnO. In this contribution, we present some results from using a pulsed spray method and subsequent annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere for the preparation of transparent conductive ZnO films. The performances of ZnO produced by using various precursors and in various technology conditions were investigated. We attained ZnO films with sheet resistances below 100 and an average transparency of about 80 % in the visible region of the light spectrum. Those values are of the same magnitude as ones prepared by using other methods. The mechanism of annealing effect in a hydrogen environment is discussed. Transparent conductive ZnO lms play an important role in nano science and nanotechnology. Many methods have had various successes in preparing ZnO. In this contribution, we present some results from using a pulsed spray method and subsequent annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere for the preparation of transparent conductive ZnO films. The performances of ZnO produced by using various precursors and in various technology conditions were investigated. We attained ZnO films with sheet resistances below 100 and an average transparency of about 80 % in the visible region of the light spectrum. Those values are of the same magnitude as ones prepared by using other methods. The mechanism of annealing effect in a hydrogen environment is discussed.
Van Chien NGUYEN,Duc Binh VU,Thi Hoang Yen NGUYEN,Cong Do PHAM,Tuyet Ngan HUYNH 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
In recent years, there has been a substantial theoretical and empirical study on the role that financial market development has significantly played in promoting economic growth and development in the world. The development of an economy requires the financial industry to be developed. In the context of rapid economic development, global warming has become a serious problem with issues such as rising average temperatures, climate change, rising sea level, and increasing carbon dioxide emissions. This study aims to examine the influence of economic growth, financial development, transportation capacity, and environmental degradation. Using time-series data from 1986 to 2019 and environmental degradation being measured by CO2 emissions, the study employs a quantity of ample unit root tests, the structural break unit root tests, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and cointegration bounds test. The results show that there is a significant long-term cointegration among study variables. Empirical findings also indicate that an increase in per capita GDP and financial development worsens environmental quality whereas transportation capacity and foreign investment can improve environmental quality.