Geo-spatial approach with frequency ratio method in landslide susceptibility mapping in the Busu River catchment, Papua New Guinea

Sujoy Kumar Jana,Tingneyuc Sekac,Dilip Kumar Pal 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.1

With the exacerbated kinetic energy of high volume of flowing water, the middle and lower catchment zones of a rugged terrain often become more prone to landslide. Almost half of Lae city, the second largest city in Papua New Guinea falling in the lower end of the catchment remains variably vulnerable to landslides. The study deliberates on the mapping of landslide sustainability, utilizing the geographical data sets such as terrain aspect and slope, land use land cover, site soil-geology, distance from river and distance from existing fault lines as input data for frequency ratio analysis culminating in delineation of susceptible landslide potential zones within the catchment area. The location of previous and recent landslide occurrence zones within the study region were identified and demarcated by dint of high resolution Google earth imagery complimented with the data gathered through field visit. All the thematic layers were prepared and organised for assignment of weights. The calculated frequency ratio values were assigned as weightage to each factor class. By using the weightage sum and raster calculator spatial analyst tool in ArcGIS 10.2.2 the results was generated. The result was then verified with known landslide occurrence and the cumulative % graph was constructed through calculated values. Furthermore the area under curve was calculated and validated with the ground truth information.

Geospatial modeling of solar radiation to explore solar energy potential in Papua New Guinea

Sailesh Samanta,Dilip Kumar Pal,Sammy Samun Aiau,Babita Palsamanta 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.5

Climatology and meteorology are essentially driven by the incoming solar radiation and the latter’s latitudinal distribution. The total amount of incoming solar radiation, duration or day-length and the seasonal distribution of radiation have also the leading implication in researches in agricultural sciences. With the reality of climate change looming large, with its plausible para- phernalia on the humankind, it is obvious that the rising demand for clean energy sources will swing the needle of research towards ‘the optimum harnessing of solar energy’ regime. In a specified latitudinal expanse, topography is a major factor that determines the spatial

Does quality of drinking water matter in kidney stone disease: A study in West Bengal, India

Pubali Mitra,Dilip Kumar Pal,Madhusudan Das 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.3

Purpose: The combined interaction of epidemiology, environmental exposure, dietary habits, and genetic factors causes kidney stone disease (KSD), a common public health problem worldwide. Because a high water intake (>3 L daily) is widely recommended by physicians to prevent KSD, the present study evaluated whether the quantity of water that people consume daily is associated with KSD and whether the quality of drinking water has any effect on disease prevalence. Materials and Methods: Information regarding residential address, daily volume of water consumption, and source of drinking water was collected from 1,266 patients with kidney stones in West Bengal, India. Drinking water was collected by use of proper methods from case (high stone prevalence) and control (zero stone prevalence) areas thrice yearly. Water samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solutes, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Average values of the studied parameters were compared to determine if there were any statistically significant differences between the case and control areas. Results: We observed that as many as 53.6% of the patients consumed <3 L of water daily. Analysis of drinking water samples from case and control areas, however, did not show any statistically significant alterations in the studied parameters. All water samples were found to be suitable for consumption. Conclusions: It is not the quality of water, rather the quantity of water consumed that matters most in the occurrence of KSD.

Penile Fracture: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Rajkumar Singha Mahapatra,Anup Kumar Kundu,Dilip Kumar Pal 대한남성과학회 2015 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.33 No.2

urpose: Penile fracture is rare, but it is a urological emergency that always requires immediate attention. Moreover, penile fracture has been reported more frequently in recent years. It may have devastating physical, functional, and psychological consequences if not properly managed in time.Materials and Methods: The objective of this study was to highlight the causes, clinical presentation, and outcomes of cases of penile fracture. This was a prospective observational study extending from November 2012 to November 2014. Each patient underwent a thorough clinical evaluation and received proper treatment.Results: Twenty patients with penile fracture, aged 19 to 56 years (mean, 28 years) were evaluated in this study. Vaginal intercourse was the most common mechanism of injury. Most of the patients (95%) were diagnosed clinically with a proper history and clinical examination. Nineteen patients were treated surgically. The patients underwent six months of follow-up, and were evaluated with local examinations, questionnaires, and colour Doppler ultrasonography as necessary.Conclusions: Although penile fracture is an under-reported urological emergency, its incidence is increasing. It is usually diagnosed based on a clinical examination, but ultrasonography can be very helpful in diagnosis. Especially in cases where treatment is delayed, surgery is preferable to conservative management, because it is associated with better outcomes and fewer long-term complications.

Channel dynamics associated with land use/cover change in Ganges river, India, 1989–2010

Gouri Sankar Bhunia,Pravat Kumar Shit,Dilip Kumar Pal 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.4

Shifting river courses and braiding in large rivers are part and parcel in fluvial morphology. The study aims at probing the changes of the Ganges river courses with accompanying land use/land cover characteristics. Here the changes that took place over a period ranging a couple of decades were recorded using multi-temporal Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper data. Meander geometry was precisely estimated. River course change pattern along with the changes in land use/land cover were studied over the period of 21 years (1989–2010). Results showed 0.14 km bank erosion and 0.85 km valley area was prone to erosion during the entire study period. The study exhibited the active channel area decreased by 22.88 km2 (0.33 % of the original river course) from 1989 to 2010. Land use characteristics showed settlement and plantation with settlement and crop lands were increased, whereas agricultural land was decreased in the study area. The overall kappa statistics were recorded as more than 0.84 during the study period. Rivers tend to maintain its high volume flow by eschewing additional silt load through bank overflow, called flash flooding; which is a natural process for any river to maintain the health of its thalweg.

Earthquake hazard assessment in the Momase region of Papua New Guinea

Tingneyuc Sekac,Sujoy Kumar Jana,Indrajit Pal,Dilip Kumar Pal 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.6

Tectonism induced Tsunami, fire, landslide along with the tremor-triggered-liquefaction are the common hazards experienced worldwide. Such hazards often lead to collapse of built-up infrastructures like roads, bridges, buildings apart from inflicting heavy toll on human life and properties. Momase region of Papua New Guinea is one such vulnerable stretch where the appropriate planning is paramount in safeguarding the life and infrastructures. The study sought evaluation and assessments of the level of vulnerability to earthquakes in Momase region. The output can be used as a tool to assist in appropriate site selection that will minimize the earthquake damage risk and also to assist in better and appropriate future construction design or planning at a site. For the present study, application potentials of GIS and remote sensing are utilized to evaluate and assess possible earthquake hazard in the study region. The influence of soil and geology as the media responsible for aggravating or mollifying earthquake waves are underlined as input. These are the media that influence ferocity of shaking intensity leading to the destructions during an earthquake episode. Therefore, the site-soil geology and geomorphology are assessed and integrated within GIS environment coupled with seismicity data layers to evaluate and prepare liquefaction potential zones, followed by earthquake hazard zonation of the study area. Multi-criteria evaluation with analytical hierarchy process are adopted for this study. The technology involves preparing and assessing several contributing factors (thematic layers) that are assigned weightage and rankings, and finally normalizing the assigned weights and ranking. The spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS 10, the raster calculator, reclassify and weightage overlay tools were mainly employed in the study. The final output of LPZ and earthquake hazard zones were reclassified to ‘very high’, ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’ and ‘very low’ to indicate levels of hazard within a study region.

Identifying potential sites for hydropower plant development in Busu catchment: Papua New Guinea

Tingneyuc Sekac,Sujoy Kumar Jana,Dilip Kumar Pal 대한공간정보학회 2017 Spatial Information Research Vol.25 No.6

Identification of potential sites and then switching to hydro power saves the earth from the menace of emissions from fossil fuel, triggering climate change the world is currently agog with. Quantitative knowledge of the topographical setting along with the stream network within a river catchment is the key to identification of potential sites for hydropower plant development. For the present study, GIS and remote sensing technology were adopted for identifying potential sites for hydropower plant development in the Busu river catchment area. The river discharge was calculated with the help of average rainfall, soil texture, and the land use land cover data. The head was calculated using the SRTM DEM data utilizing focal statistical analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.2. Potential power output was calculated with the density of water and gravitational pull, and then through necessary integration the levels of power output at each site were indicated. Busu river catchment was found to be the most potential site for producing power up to 24 MegaWatt which was the maximum that was identified during evaluation and calculation. This method is suitable for initial screening only. Further in-depth feasibility study is needed to develop hydropower plant sites.

Comparative analysis of outcome between laparoscopic versus open surgical repair for vesico-vaginal fistula

( Bastab Ghosh ),( Varun Wats ),( Dilip Kumar Pal ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.59 No.6

Objective Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) causes detrimental psychosomatic effects on a woman. It is repaired using open abdominal as well as laparoscopic approach. Here we compare a series of open versus laparoscopic VVF repairs done at a single centre. Methods Retrospectively data of patients undergoing VVF repair in our department between January 2011 to December 2014 was analyzed. Patients who had a single, primary, simple VVF following a gynaecological surgery were included in the study. 26 patients met all the criteria. Out of these, thirteen patients had undergone a laparoscopic VVF repair (group 1) while thirteen had undergone an open transabdominal VVF repair (group 2). Results Mean fistula size was 2.14±0.23 cm in group 1 and 2.18±0.30 cm in group 2, which was comparable. Mean blood loss was 58.69±6.48 mL in group 1 and 147.30±19.24 mL in group 2, which is statistically significant (P<0.0001). Mean hospital stay was 4 days in group 1 and 13 days in group 2 which is statistically significant (P<0.0001). The analgesic requirement (diclofenac) was 261.53±29.95 mg in group 1 and 617.30±34.43 mg in group 2, which is statistically significant (P<0.0001). Fistula repair was successful in all the patients in both the groups. Conclusion The present study shows that laparoscopic VVF repair results in reduced patient morbidity and shorter hospital stay without compromising the results. So laparoscopic repair may be a more attractive treatment option for patients with post gynecology surgery VVF.

Electronic structure of the PLD grown mixed phase MoS2/GaN interface and its thermal annealing effect

Arun Barvat,Nisha Prakash,Gaurav Kumar,Dilip K. Singh,Anjana Dogra,Suraj P. Khanna,Prabir Pal 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.2

We report the electronic structure of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) ultrathin 2D films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on top of GaN/c-Al2O3 (0001) substrates annealed up to 550 C in an ultrahigh vacuum. Our X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) study shows that the grown films are mixed phase character with semiconducting 2H and metallic 1T phases. After ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealing, the 1T/2H phase ratio is significantly modified and film-substrate bonding becomes the leading factor influencing variation of mixed phase compositions. The semiconducting phase is partially transformed to metallic phase by thermal annealing; suggesting that the metallic phase observed here may indeed have more stability compared to the semiconducting phase. The notable enhancement of the 1T/2H ratio induces significant changes in Ga 3d core level spectra taken from bare GaN and MoS2/GaN sample. The impact of S and/or Mo atoms on the Ga core level spectra is further pronounced with the thermal annealing of grown films. The analysis shows that an enhancement of 1T metallic phase with thermal annealing in MoS2 layers is manifested by the occurrence of new spectral component in the Ga 3d core level spectra with the formation of Ga-S adlayer interaction through the Ga bonding in defect assisted GaN structure.

In vitro anti oxidant activity of methanol extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn

Sannigrahi, Santanu,Mazumder, Upal Kanti,Pal, Dilip Kumar,Parida, Sambit Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2009 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.9 No.2

The antioxidant potency of methanolic extract Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (MECI), which are widely used in the Indian indigenous system of medicine for different purposes, was studied. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using different established in vitro antioxidant tests viz. determination of total amount of polyphenolics compounds, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and reductive power assay. It was found that MECI contain a high amount of polyphenolics and possesses significant free radical scavenging activity in all the assay. The higher activity was may be due to presence of richest amount of polyphenolics and flavonoids in it.