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The Social and Linguistic Turns in Literacy Theory A Retrospective and Prospective View
David Bloome,김민영 서울대학교 국어교육연구소 2015 국어교육연구 Vol.36 No.-
The study of literacy and language education has undergone two major philosophic shifts in its evolution: the social turn in the study of literacy and the linguistic turn in the social sciences. These shifts have changed not only what counts as literacy – from a set of decontextualized cognitive and linguistic skills to social practices in which the use of written language is non-trivial –, but also what the nature of language, literacy, and even personhood is. These turns also have revealed that the work of teaching and researching of language and literacy does not exist as culturally and politically neutral, separable from local and global social, economic, and political contexts. In this manuscript, we briefly review the philosophical discussions of the linguistic turn in the social sciences and the social turn in the study of literacy. To illustrate how close analysis of classroom events reflects and refracts the linguistic turn and the social turn, we focus on analysis of a seventh grade classroom language arts lesson. Analysis of the classroom lesson reveals how students are doing literacy by using the text as a tool and prop for deconstructing and reconstructing the world in which they live.
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Lambrechts Mark James,Heard Jeremy,D’Antonio Nicholas,Bodnar John,Schneider Gregory,Bloom Evan,Canseco Jose,Woods Barrett,Kaye Ian David,Kurd Mark Faisal,Rihn Jeffrey,Hilibrand Alan,Schroeder Gregory 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To compare radiographic outcomes between unilateral and bilateral cage placement in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIF) and to determine if the rate of fusion at the 1-year postoperative point was different in patients who received bilateral versus unilateral cages.Overview of Literature: There is no clear evidence to dictate whether bilateral or unilateral cages promote superior radiographic or surgical outcomes in TLIF.Methods: Patients >18 years old who underwent primary one- or two-level TLIFs at our institution were identified and propensitymatched in a 3:1 fashion (unilateral:bilateral). Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and radiographic outcomes, including vertebral endplate obliquity, segmental lordosis, subsidence, and fusion status, were compared between groups.Results: Of the 184 patients included, 46 received bilateral cages. Bilateral cage placement was associated with greater subsidence (1.06±1.25 mm vs. 0.59±1.16 mm, <i>p</i>=0.028) and enhanced restoration of segmental lordosis (5.74°±14.1° vs. −1.57°±10.9°, <i>p</i>=0.002) at the 1-year postoperative point, while unilateral cage placement was associated with an increased correction of endplate obliquity (−2.02°±4.42° vs. 0.24°±2.81°, <i>p</i><0.001). Bilateral cage placement was significantly associated with radiographic fusion on bivariate analysis (89.1% vs. 70.3%, <i>p</i>=0.018) and significantly predicted radiographic fusion on multivariable regression analysis (estimate, 1.35; odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–12.05; <i>p</i>=0.010).Conclusions: Bilateral interbody cage placement in TLIF procedures was associated with restoration of lumbar lordosis and increased fusion rates. However, endplate obliquity correction was significantly greater for patients who received a unilateral cage.
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