The Future of the EU`s Security Role in a Transformed East Asia

( Ohn Daewon ),( Mason Richey ) 한국국방연구원 2012 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.24 No.2

A fundamentally new security landscape is unfolding in East Asia due to the changing power structure among the great powers, particularly owing to the fast rise of China and the relative decline of the United States. This paper analyzes the dynamics of power transition in East Asia and assesses the possibility of the EU playing a meaningful role in the strengthening of security governance in the region. It begins by arguing that although the East Asian region is entering a transformation stage it will not likely lead to a major collision between the United States and China. This means the EU will have opportunities to become involved in East Asian security affairs, provided it further strengthens its multi-faceted, comprehensive engagement policies vis-a-vis the region. We focus particularly on the EU`s ability to promote the positive aspects of East Asian regionalism via deepened and expanded cooperative measures such as bilateral and multilateral framework agreements with regional countries and organizations. In addition to offering a reliable model for regional security governance, the EU will be able to contribute to regional security by cooperating with the United States and other East Asian countries and organizations in selected security issues, such as sea-lane protection, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD), humanitarian operations, etc. Internally, we show that after the Treaty of Lisbon the EU is approaching incrementally a position wherein it can make greater CFSP/CSDP engagements. particularly those associated with peacekeeping/peacemaking and humanitarian operations. in the wider world including East Asia.

유럽전략문화와 EU의 안보역할

온대원(Daewon Ohn) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2006 계명간호과학 Vol.10 No.1

지난 몇 년간 유럽연합 (EU: European Union) 내에서는 ‘유럽전략문화’(European strategic culture)에 대한 논의가 활발하게 전개되어왔다. ‘전략문화’는 국가 또는 다른 형태의 정치공동체에 속한 구성원들이 대내외적 안보환경의 성격을 규정하고, 공동체의 기본적인 가치와 목표를 설정하며, 대외정책의 방향과 방법을 선택함에 있어서 상호 공유, 또는 합의된 전략적 사고와 행위의 체계로 이해된다. 이 논문은 유럽전략문화의 개념적, 방법론적 측면과 더불어 그것이 공동외교안보정책 (CFSP: Common Foreign and Security Policy) 및 공동안보방위정책 (ESDP: European Security and Defence Policy)의 발전에 갖는 함의를 다루고 있다. 일반적으로 문화론적인 관점에서 전략문화는 반영구적인 지속성과 견고성을 갖고 있는 것으로 이해되어왔다. 그러나 지난 수년간 진행된 최신의 연구들에 의하면 전략문화는 상당한 정도의 가변성을 갖고 있으며, 일정한 조건 하에서는 단기간에 새로이 형성되거나 극적으로 변화될 수도 있는 것으로 간주되어진다. EU의 경우 여러 가지 대내외적인 제약요인으로 인하여 이른 시기 내에 단일한 전략문화의 성립가능성은 상당히 낮은 것으로 보이며, 국제정치적 행위자로서의 EU의 안보역할 또한 매우 서서히, 단계적으로 확대될 것으로 전망된다. The European Union (EU) has recently paid increasing attention to the issue of culture than ever. There have been not a few debates on whether culture exists in the context of the EU. And a further question is, if so, how to conceptualise it? This paper investigates the salient issue of the EU today. According to nationalism, culture cannot be debatable in the EU. As culture is defined as a ‘lifestyle’ which is shared by a group of people based on history, language, religion and ethnicity, the cultural discourse is available only at the national context. But, given the current salience of culture and cultural policy in the EU, as was represented by the profusion of EU cultural propgrammes today, the meaning of culture in the EU needs to be examined as well. The concept of culture has varied depending the period of the integration process. According to the EU official documents, the cultural discourse until the 1980s is characterised by two features. On the one hand, culture was utilised as a political tool in symbolising the Community as seen in the nation-building process. On the other, culture was regarded as an economic tool by which the single market project would be completed. The signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 recognised culture as an official policy area, which affected the concept of culture since then. The paradoxal position of EU officials also affected the conceptualisation of culture in this period as well. Since the EU officials who represent the EU were granted their representativity by their national electorate, EU cultural policy had to be shaped in a way to respect the diversity and uniqueness of cultures of each Member State. Accordingly, culture was conceptualised as a ‘practical’ policy area which is combined with practically most of other policy areas. Cultural programmes have been operated in a way to respect cultural diversity of each Member State. In this way, culture becomes an essential element in completing European integration in the networking governance of the EU polity.

브렉시트와 EU의 공동안보방위정책(CSDP)

온대원(Daewon Ohn) 한국유럽학회 2017 유럽연구 Vol.35 No.3

이 논문은 영국의 EU탈퇴결정(브렉시트)과 공동안보방위정책(CSDP) 간 상호관계 및 향후 브렉시트가 CSDP에 미칠 영향에 대해 고찰한다. 상당수의 학자와 전문가들은 EU의 공동외교안보정책(CFSP)과 CSDP는 지금까지 거의 전적으로 `정부간주의` 방식으로 운영되어 왔으며, 특히 CSDP는 회원국간 협력과 정책통합이 아직 매우 낮은 단계에 머물러 있기 때문에 브렉시트의 영향이 별로 없을 것이란 견해를 제시해왔다. 반면 일부 다른 전문가들은 1990년대말 CSDP의 탄생과 이후의 발전이 영국-프랑스 축을 중심으로 진행되어왔고 유럽국가들의 안보방위 또한 이미 긴밀하게 상호 연계되고 결합되어 있기 때문에 브렉시트는 매우 광범위하고 복잡한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측했다. 또한 지금까지 CSDP발전의 상당부분이 영국에 의해 지연되고 저지되었기 때문에 브렉시트는 일반적인 예상을 뛰어넘는 수준의 커다란 변화를 초래할 가능성이 있다는 것이다. 아직 영국-EU간 본격적인 탈퇴협상이 진행되지 않았고, 협상과정 및 탈퇴 이후의 유럽질서는 많은 불확실성과 가변성을 갖고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 영국의 브렉시트 결정 이후 1년 남짓의 짧은 기간 동안 CSDP에는 과거에 상상할 수도 없었던 커다란 변화가 발생해왔다. CSDP가 브렉시트 결정으로 인해 어떤 영향을 받아왔는지, 또한 향후 어떤 방향으로 발전할 것이지 하는 문제는 단지 이 분야에 국한된 이슈가 아닌, 영국과 EU, 그리고 유럽통합의 미래가 걸린 중요한 사안으로 간주된다. 본 논문은 먼저 CSDP를 중심으로 영국과 EU간 관계의 변화양상을 살펴보고, 2016년 6월의 브렉시트 결정이 EU의 CSDP에 어떤 변화를 초래했는지를 검토할 것이다. 또한 브렉시트결정 이후에 EU 내에서 논의되기 시작한 유럽방위동맹(EDU) 구상의 내용과 향후 전망, 그리고 그것이 CSDP와 유럽통합의 미래에 갖는 함의를 조망할 것이다. This research is aimed at examining the interacting aspects of Brexit and the EU`s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and the effects of the former on the latter in the coming years. Many scholars and experts have presented a view that Brexit would not affect the CSDP in significant ways as the CSDP has been administered essentially by an inter-governmental method and as the level of cooperation and integration among the EU Member States (MS) has remained still very low. A group of other experts, however, insist that Brexit would affect the CSDP greatly than expected when we look at the central role played by the UK along with France ever since the creation of the CSDP in the late 1990s. They understand that the trends of cooperation and competition between these two countries have always shaped much of the course of CSDP development and that the field of security and defence has also been integrated deeply than thought among the MS. In addition, in view of the negative role played by the UK in inhibiting the progress in the CSDP from time to time, the UK`s withdrawal from the EU would highly likely induce far greater changes than most people could foresee. To know exactly the extent to which Brexit would impact upon the CSDP and the ways in which the CSDP would evolve in the coming years is an arduous task, but it is very important to know about it as it would determine the course of European integration as a whole as well as the evolution of the CSDP in the coming years. This paper explores first the changing relationships between the UK and the EU`s CSDP, then investigates the impacts of Brexit on the CSDP. It will be followed by the discussions on the recent proposals for the creation of the European Defence Union (EDU) and other initiatives for European defence integration.

중국-유럽관계와 동북아 국제질서

온대원(Ohn, Daewon) 동아시아국제정치학회 2007 국제정치연구 Vol.10 No.2

Can You Get There from Here? Difficulties in Generating EU Strategic Culture

Mason Richey,Daewon Ohn 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2022 Asian International Studies Review Vol.23 No.2

Despite conceptual and methodological ambiguities, strategic culture has become a useful notion in international politics. An extension of this is the emergence of debates concerning the EU’s endeavors to cultivate a strategic culture at a supranational level. The EU has functioned as a constructivist laboratory insofar as its integration has been synonymous with the formation of institutional identity and decision-making processes that are building blocks of strategic culture. Employing the definition of strategic culture as the interplay of discourse and practice arrived at through an elite-negotiated reality, we undertake a document analysis that addresses an often neglected issue: what are some of the mechanisms that have led EU strategic culture to advance or stagnate? Beyond simple constructivist accounts, we investigate EU strategic culture formation through lessons gleaned from political and organizational/institutional psychology’s understanding of how biased reasoning affects decision-making. We claim that groupthink bias and other biases within the decision-making apparatuses of EU institutions have shaped EU strategic culture formation. This approach enables us to better understand the specific nature of the EU’s efforts to solidify its strategic culture, as well as the prospects for the EU to coherently execute grand strategy addressing challenges in the EU neighborhood and the Indo-Pacific.