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Resonance of a flexible plate immersed in a von Kármán vortex street
Erika Sandoval Hernández,Stefan G. Llewellyn Smith,Anne Cros 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.4
This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of a flexible plate immersed in a von Kármán vortex street. The wake is generated in a water flow using a cylindrical obstacle with a Reynolds number lower than 200. The vortices provoke oscillations of a flexible plate whose leading edge is clamped a few cylinder diameters downstream of the obstacle. The oscillation amplitude of the free edge is examined experimentally as the plate length is varied with respect to the wavelength. The value of the peak of the amplitude and the phase shift between the forcing vortices and the plate deflection are consistent with theoretical predictions. These predictions use an Euler-Bernoulli model for the motion of the plate produced by the pressure difference over the plate due to the combined effect of the vortex street and the deflection of the plate. The ratio between the plate length and the wake wavelength for which resonance occurs is fixed by the condition that the natural frequency of the plate is equal to the vortex frequency.
Use of Reverse Genetics to Enhance the Oncolytic Properties of Newcastle Disease Virus
Vigil, Adam,Park, Man-Seong,Martinez, Osvaldo,Chua, Mark A.,Xiao, Sa,Cros, Jerome F.,Martí,nez-Sobrido, Luis,Woo, Savio L.C.,Garcí,a-Sastre, Adolfo American Association for Cancer Research 2007 Cancer research Vol.67 No.17
<P>Naturally occurring strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have shown oncolytic therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies and are currently in clinical trials. Here, we have evaluated the possibility to enhance the cancer therapeutic potential of NDV by means of reverse genetics. Mice bearing s.c. implanted CT26 tumors were treated with intratumoral (i.t.) injections of a recombinant NDV modified to contain a highly fusogenic F protein. These treated mice exhibited significant reduction in tumor development compared with mice treated with the unmodified virus. Furthermore, mice in a CT26 metastatic tumor model treated with an i.v. injection of the genetically engineered NDV exhibited prolonged survival compared with wild-type control virus. In addition, we examined whether the oncolytic properties of NDV could be improved by expression of immunostimulatory molecules. In this regard, we engineered several NDVs to express granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-gamma, interleukin 2 (IL-2), or tumor necrosis factor alpha, and evaluated their therapeutic potential in an immunocompetent colon carcinoma tumor model. Mice bearing s.c. CT26 tumors treated with i.t. injections of recombinant NDV expressing IL-2 showed dramatic reductions in tumor growth, with a majority of the mice undergoing complete and long-lasting remission. Our data show the use of reverse genetics to develop enhanced recombinant NDV vectors as effective therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.</P>