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Garcí,a-Iglesias, Miguel,Yum, Jun-Ho,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Pé,chy, Peter,Vá,zquez, Purificació,n,Palomares, Emilio,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Moham Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical science Vol.2 No.6
<P>We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “<I>push</I>” and “<I>pull</I>”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Phthalocyanine TT9 (red) grafts onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability compared to TT1 (black). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sc00602e'> </P>
Recent introduction of Gracilaria parvispora (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Baja California, Mexico
Garcí,a-Rodrí,guez, Luis Daniel,Riosmena-Rodrí,guez, Rafael,Kim, Su Yeon,Ló,pez-Meyer, Melina,Orduñ,a-Rojas, Javier,Ló,pez-Vivas, Juan Manuel,Boo, Sung Min Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2013 Botanica marina Vol.56 No.2
Red alga <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> (Halymeniaceae), a species introduced into the Canary Islands
Garcí,a-Jimé,nez, Pilar,Geraldino, Paul John L.,Boo, Sung Ming,Robaina, Rafael R. Blackwell Publishing Asia 2008 Phycological research Vol.56 No.3
<P>SUMMARY</P><P>Specimens of <I>Grateloupia</I> from Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands were used to molecularly ascertain which of the species has been used in physiological and bio-technological experiments. The <I>rbc</I>L sequence analysis revealed that four out of five analyzed specimens (i.e. those commonly collected for physiological research) formed a monophyletic clade with <I>G. imbricata</I> from Korea, Japan, and China, and were quite different from any other species of the genus. Another sample, which was associated with cage nets used for fish aquaculture, was grouped with <I>G. lanceolata</I> from Japan, though it appears too early as yet to identify it as such. This is, thus, proof of a new introduction of a marine macroalga, since <I>G. imbricata</I> is an Asian species, native to Japan and Korea, in the Canary Islands. The role of international shipping in the introduction of the species is discussed.</P>
A note on semiextensions of stable circuits
Garcí,a Moreno, E. Enrique,Jensen, Tommy R. Elsevier 2009 Discrete mathematics Vol.309 No.15
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A semiextension of a circuit C in a graph G provides a possible means of finding a cycle double cover of G with C as a prescribed circuit. Recently we conjectured [E.E. García Moreno, T.R. Jensen, On semiextensions and circuit double covers, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 97 (2007) 474–482] that if G is cubic and 2-edge-connected, then a semiextension of C in G exists. If true, this would imply several long-standing conjectures.</P><P>If there is a circuit <SUP>C′</SUP> in G with <SUP>C′</SUP>≠C and V(C)⊆V(<SUP>C′</SUP>), then <SUP>C′</SUP> is called an extension of C, a special case of a semiextension. If there is no such circuit, then C is said to be stable in G. Hence the existence question for semiextensions is easy except for stable circuits. Not many examples of graphs with stable circuits have been published. In this note we show that the members of a particular class of stable circuits described by M. Kochol have semiextensions.</P>
Garcí,a, Arturo,Leal, Mariel,Lee, Sang-Ho Elsevier 2018 International review of economics and finance Vol.58 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study considers the timing of environmental policies with a consumer-friendly firm having abatement technology and compares two market-based regulatory instruments, tradable permits and emission tax regulations. When the government can credibly commit its policy, we show that the equilibrium outcomes under both policies are equivalent in terms of permits price and tax rate. Under the non-committed policy, however, the equivalence breaks down because firms have opposite incentives to induce time-consistent policy to be adjusted ex post. In particular, compared to pre-committed government, firms abate less emission to induce higher emission quotas under the permits policy while a consumer-friendly firm abates more emissions to reduce tax rate under the tax policy. Finally, we show that tax policy will result in higher welfare and lower environmental damage unless the concern on consumer surplus is large.</P>
Optical Properties of a Quantum Dot-Ring System Grown Using Droplet Epitaxy
Linares-Garcí,a, Gabriel,Meza-Montes, Lilia,Stinaff, Eric,Alsolamy, S. M.,Ware, M. E.,Mazur, Y. I.,Wang, Z. M.,Lee, Jihoon,Salamo, G. J. Springer US 2016 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.11 No.1
<P>Electronic and optical properties of InAs/GaAs nanostructures grown by the droplet epitaxy method are studied. Carrier states were determined by <B>k</B><B>·</B><B>p</B> theory including effects of strain and In gradient concentration for a model geometry. Wavefunctions are highly localized in the dots. Coulomb and exchange interactions are studied and we found the system is in the strong confinement regime. Microphotoluminescence spectra and lifetimes were calculated and compared with measurements performed on a set of quantum rings in a single sample. Some features of spectra are in good agreement.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1518-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
Biological imaging with coherent Raman scattering microscopy: a tutorial
Alfonso-Garcí,a, Alba,Mittal, Richa,Lee, Eun Seong,Potma, Eric O. SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS 2014 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS Vol.19 No.7
<P>Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is gaining acceptance as a valuable addition to the imaging toolset of biological researchers. Optimal use of this label-free imaging technique benefits from a basic understanding of the physical principles and technical merits of the CRS microscope. This tutorial offers qualitative explanations of the principles behind CRS microscopy and provides information about the applicability of this nonlinear optical imaging approach for biological research.</P>