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Analysis of Ginsenoside Composition of Ginseng Berry and Seed
Sung Kwon Ko,Hye Min Bae,Ok Sun Cho,Byung Ok Im,Sung Hyun Chung,Boo Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.6
This study was performed to provide basic information that can be used to differentiate Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) berry and seed from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed. Total ginsenoside contents of Korean ginseng berry, Korean ginseng seed, and American ginseng seed were 9.09, 3.30, and 4.06%, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of Korean ginseng berry was about 2.2 to 2.7 times higher than those of Korean ginseng seed and American ginseng seed. Particularly ginsenoside Re content of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng berry (5.99%) was about 3.6 to 5.4 times higher than that of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng seed (1.65%) and 4-year cultivated American ginseng seed (1.10%). The contents of total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Re of Korean ginseng berry were about 4.8 and 28 times higher, respectively, than those of 4-year cultivated Korean ginseng root. In general the contents of total ginsenoside and ginsenoside Re of Korean ginseng berry were significantly higher than those of Korean ginseng seed and American ginseng seed.
Chung, In Sik,Choi, Kyu Yong,Park, Soo Heon,Choi, Myung Gyu,Sun, Hee Sik,Park, Doo Ho,Kim, Boo Sung,Han, Jun Yul,Chung, Kyu Won,Kim, Doo Sung 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.4
Background: Bile reflux gastritis is known to be one of non-ulcer dyspepsia. Bile reflux occurs sporadically and duodenogastric reflux disease cannot be accurately diagnosed by endoscopy. The main pro- blem in diagnosis of bile reflux gastritis is the lack, of a gold standard for enterogastric reflux measurement. We performed ambulatory fiberoptic reflux monitoring(Bilitec 2000, Synetics) on bile reflux gastritis patients. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the role of ambulatory fiberoptic reflux monitoring in the diagnosis of bile reflux gastritis. 2) to evaluate the extent and pattern of duodenogastric reflux in bile reflux gastritis patients. 3) to know the interrelationship between the extent of bile reflux and severity of histologic changes in intact stomach. Materials and Methods: Eighteen endoscopically diagnosed bile reflux gastritis patients and 10 controls who had no endoscopic evidence of bile reflux underwent ambulatory fiberoptic reflux monitoring(Bilitec 2000, Synetics). Tissue specimens for histologic study were obtained endoscopically from antrum 2 ctn proximal to the pylorus from each patient. Results: In bile reflux gastritis, the bile reflux duration(percentages of total measured time above absorbance 0.14) was found to be significantly higher than the control group(33.6?13.3% vs 5.7?2.7%, p$lt;0.05). Bile reflux duration was longer in supineperiods than in upright periods(43.8?4.30% vs 23.3?4.0%, p$lt;0.05). The nighttime bile reflux was higher than daytime significantly(47.7?4.5% vs 17.1?4.5%) in bile reflux gastritis. There was no correlation between bile reflux duration and histologic changes in bile reflux gastritis(r=-0.47, p=0.09). Conclusions: Ambulatory fiberoptic reflux monitoring is useful in diagnosis of enterogastric reflux. Bi]e reflux occurs main)y in supine period of nighttime and the duration of bile reflux has no relationship with severity of histologic changes.
Correlation of Transfusion Hepatitis with or Without Hepatitis Associated Antigen in Donor Blood
Chung, Su Kil,Choe, Jae Ha,Chung, Whan Kook,Kim, Boo Sung,Chung, In Sik,Lee, Chong Moo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1973 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.1 No.1
Serum samples were obtained for determination of the hepatitis associated antigen(HAA) by the immunodiffusion method, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity from all of the donor as well as recipient blood prior to transfus-ion. We attempted to test the recipient blood for HAA, SGOT every two weeks for the next sixth month after transfusion. 5.4 per cent of the 1,666 donor blood was positive for HAA(Table 1). Of 621 recipients, 95 had adequate follow-up, while 526 were removed from the study because of death, inadequate follow-up, or history of transfusion or liver diseases before this study. The recipients containing HAA before transfusion were also withheld from the follow-up.
Changes in Ginsenoside Composition of White Ginseng by Fermentation
Sung Kwon Ko,Ok Sun Cho,Hye Min Bae,Byung Wook Yang,Byung-Ok Im,Young Tae Hahm,Kyung Nam Kim,Soon Hyun Cho,Jae Young Kim,Sung Hyun Chung,Boo Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1
The purpose of the study was to develop a new process to manufacture ginseng extract containing saponin aglycon of high concentration. The process to transform saponin glycosides to saponin aglycon was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GCK-1 (open cultured mixture for 1 day at 42℃) had the highest content of protopanaxadiol (0.662%). However, other mixtures (GCK-2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) had less than 0.152% in the content of protopanaxadiol. In case of fermentation by inoculation of Bacillus natto, BNG-5 (B. natto inoculated mixture for 5 days at 42℃) showed the highest content of protopanaxadiol (0.364%). Other mixtures (BNG-1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) also showed the high content of more than 0.2% in protopanaxadiol. B. natto inoculation or open culture fermentation with soybean transformed ginseng saponin glycosides into saponin aglycon.
Chung, Kyu Won,Yoon, Seung Kew,Park, Young Min,Kim, Boo Sung CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1994 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.22 No.1
The authors investigated the distribution of HCV genotypes in the patients with various chronic liver diseases in Korea. Study population was 70 individuals, positive for second generation anti-HCV EIA, consisting of 37 cases with sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) chronic hepatitis (CH), 12 NANB hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 post-transfusion NANB hepatitis, 4 NANB blood donors, and I healthy family member of a patient with sporadic CH. Molecular typing was performed by RT-nested PCR with type-specific primer sets deduced from NS-5 region of HCV. The results are as follows; 1. The prevalence of HCV type Ⅱ was 75.0%, and HCV type Ⅲ was 25.0% in sera. 2. In liver tissues, type ㅈⅡ HCV was shown in 63.0%, type Ⅲ HCV in 3.7%, and mixed infection with type Ⅱ and Ⅲ HCV were observed in 18.5% of 27 samples biopsied. 3. In sera of patients with chronic hepatitis, typing results were relatively well correlated with those in tissues (75%), but type Ⅲ could not be observed. 4. Among 12 HCC patients, type Ⅲ HCV appeared only in tissues, not in sera. These results suggest that type Ⅱ HCV may be the major HCV type in Korea, and mixed infection with type Ⅱ and Ⅲ HCV may not be rare in chronic liver diseases pntients with HCV.
Ginsenoside Composition Changes in Ginseng Extracts by Different Ascorbic Acid Treatments
Sung Kwon Ko,Ok Sun Cho,Hye Min Bae,Uy Dong Sohn,Byung Ok Im,Soon Hyun Cho,Byung Wook Yang,Sung Hyun Chung,Wang Soo Shin,Boo Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.4
The purpose of this study was to develop a new preparation process for chemical transformation of ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenins. Ginseng and ginseng extracts were processed under several treatment conditions using ascorbic acid solution. Treating with ascorbic acid at pH 2-3 and above 80℃ increased the ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> content of samples to over 3% as compared to other pH levels and temperatures. In addition, ginseng and ginseng extracts that were processed under a high ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 2.0, 5 hr) contained more ginsenoside Rg3 (approximately 16 times) than those processed under a low ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 3.0, 5 hr). The highest quantity of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> (3.434%) occurred when a sample of fine ginseng root extract (AG2-9) was processed with the ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for 9 hr. However, there was no change in the amount of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> when fine ginseng root extracts were processed with ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for over 9 hr. In conclusion, the results indicated that ascorbic acid treatment of ginseng extracts can produce a level of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3<sub> that is over 90-fold the amount found in commercial red ginseng.
Boo, H.H.,Sung Won Chung,Dawson, J.L. IEEE 2009 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 2 E Vol.56 No.12
<P>This brief demonstrates a new adaptive digital predistortion architecture particularly suited to mobile handset applications. The central idea is to build a lookup table (LUT) that directly captures the static compressive nonlinearity of the power amplifier (PA) and then insert this LUT into the <I>feedback path</I> of a ΔΣ modulator. The oversampled ΔΣ modulator automatically performs both the inversion of the PA nonlinearity and the interpolation between LUT entries, permitting complex modulation strategies to be handled with an absolute minimum of LUT entries and with a dramatically simplified computational structure. The advantages of this architecture over previous methods include: 1) there is no need to explicitly invert the PA nonlinearity, reducing the complexity for the system designer; 2) the LUT training is done with an open-loop method, improving the training speed; 3) there is no need to explicitly employ numerical interpolation between LUT entries; and 4) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) nonlinearity is incorporated into the predistortion, allowing fast low-resolution DACs to be used in the final system. We built a proof-of-concept prototype for a 900-MHz, 27-dBm PA transmitting a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal with a bandwidth of 3.4 MHz. The predistortion system reduced out-of-band distortion products by 10 dB and improved the error vector magnitude from 3.5% to 2.0%.</P>
( Boo Kyoung Kang ),( Tae In Kim ),( Myong Il Bae ),( Sung Hyuk Moon ),( Ki Heon Jeong ),( Su Kang Kim ),( Joo Ho Chung ),( Min Kyung Shin ),( Mu Hyoung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2
Background: Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterized by the chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassic, major histocompatibility complex class I molecule that plays an important role in suppression of the immune response. Several recent studies have provided evidence that a 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene might be associated with autoimmune disease. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene contributes to the risk of developing non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) in the Korean population. Methods: We conducted a case-control association study of 192 NSV patients and 491 matched, unaffected controls. The HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism was analyzed by gene scan after amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Genotypes for the 14-bp indel were different between the vitiligo group and Korean control group. The proportion of subjects with a homozygote 224 bp/224 bp genotype was significantly higher in the vitiligo group than the control group (7.1% vs. 3.5%, OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.06-4.76, P=0.039 in the recessive model). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with the development of NSV in the Korean population.