Research on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Application for Aflatoxin Testing on Rice

( I-chun Tung ),( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Rice is one of the most important staple food in the world. In many countries, environments with high temperature/humidity may provide favorable conditions for fungal propagation and production of aflatoxins during rice storage. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), one of the secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is particularly carcinogenic to humans. People might very likely cause severe illness once rice is contaminated by aflatoxins. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a nondestructive method for rapid and accurate detection of the AFB₁ content in rice. In the present study, evaluation of AFB₁ contaminated rice were conducted by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique with chemometrics. NIR Spectra and the AFB₁ contents of the artificially contaminated rice samples were measured by FOSS NIRS 6500 spectrometer and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), a commonly used multivariate analysis method was then used to build calibration models. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics could provide a useful tool for rapid and accurate detection of AFB₁ content in rice.

Structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial Co₂FeAl films grown on MgO substrates for different growth temperatures

Chun, B.S.,Kim, K.H.,Leibing, N.,Serrano-Guisan, S.,Schumacher, H.W.,Abid, M.,Chu, I.C.,Mryasov, O.N.,Kim, D.K.,Wu, H.C.,Hwang, C.,Kim, Y.K. Elsevier Science 2012 ACTA MATERIALIA Vol.60 No.19

We report the correlation between the crystalline structure, electronic structure and magnetic properties of Co<SUB>2</SUB>FeAl films as a function of growing temperature both experimentally and theoretically. The Co<SUB>2</SUB>FeAl film grown at room temperature is initially in the partially disordered B2 state, but then it gains a much higher ordered structure with increasing growing temperature due to its transition from short-range to long-range crystallographic order by surface diffusion. Electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements reveals that the increase in the I(L3)/I(L2) ratio of Co can be attributed to the enhanced ferromagnetic exchange interaction between neighboring Co atoms and the fact that the Co contribution is more dominant than the Fe contribution. As the growing temperature increases, many more unoccupied 3d states in Co are observed, hence the Gilbert damping constant increases due to a strong spin-orbit interaction. We also present the results of highly accurate quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations and confirm that Co<SUB>2</SUB>FeAl in an ideal L2<SUB>1</SUB> structure is indeed a half-metal with a well-defined band gap in the minority spin channel.

The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan

Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6

A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.

Robust design on the arrangement of a sail and control planes for improvement of underwater Vehicle's maneuverability

Wu, Sheng-Ju,Lin, Chun-Cheng,Liu, Tsung-Lung,Su, I-Hsuan The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to discuss how to improve the maneuverability of lifting and diving for underwater vehicle's vertical motion. Therefore, to solve these problems, applied the 3-D numerical simulation, Taguchi's Design of Experiment (DOE), and intelligent parameter design methods, etc. We planned four steps as follows: firstly, we applied the 2-D flow simulation with NACA series, and then through the Taguchi's dynamic method to analyze the sensitivity (β). Secondly, take the data of pitching torque and total resistance from the Taguchi orthogonal array (L9), the ignal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and analysis each factorial contribution by ANOVA. Thirdly, used Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) method to train the non-linear meta-modeling and found out the best factorial combination by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Weighted Percentage Reduction of Quality Loss (WPRQL). Finally, the application of the above methods gives the global optimum for multi-quality characteristics and the robust design configuration, including L/D is 9.4:1, the foreplane on the hull (Bow-2), and position of the sail is 0.25 Ls from the bow. The result shows that the total quality is improved by 86.03% in comparison with the original design.

Ca2+ entry via alpha1G and TRPV4 channels differentially regulates surface expression of P-selectin and barrier integrity in pulmonary capillary endothelium.

Wu, Songwei,Jian, Ming-Yuan,Xu, Yan-Chun,Zhou, Chun,Al-Mehdi, Abu-Bakr,Liedtke, Wolfgang,Shin, Hee-Sup,Townsley, Mary I American Physiological Society 2009 American Journal of Physiology: Lung cellular and Vol.297 No.4

<P>Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells express a variety of ion channels that mediate Ca(2+) influx in response to diverse environmental stimuli. However, it is not clear whether Ca(2+) influx from discrete ion channels is functionally coupled to specific outcomes. Thus we conducted a systematic study in mouse lung to address whether the alpha(1G) T-type Ca(2+) channel and the transient receptor potential channel TRPV4 have discrete functional roles in pulmonary capillary endothelium. We used real-time fluorescence imaging for endothelial cytosolic Ca(2+), immunohistochemistry to probe for surface expression of P-selectin, and the filtration coefficient to specifically measure lung endothelial permeability. We demonstrate that membrane depolarization via exposure of pulmonary vascular endothelium to a high-K(+) perfusate induces Ca(2+) entry into alveolar septal endothelial cells and exclusively leads to the surface expression of P-selectin. In contrast, Ca(2+) entry in septal endothelium evoked by the selective TRPV4 activator 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD) specifically increases lung endothelial permeability without effect on P-selectin expression. Pharmacological blockade or knockout of alpha(1G) abolishes depolarization-induced Ca(2+) entry and surface expression of P-selectin but does not prevent 4alpha-PDD-activated Ca(2+) entry and the resultant increase in permeability. Conversely, blockade or knockout of TRPV4 specifically abolishes 4alpha-PDD-activated Ca(2+) entry and the increase in permeability, while not impacting depolarization-induced Ca(2+) entry and surface expression of P-selectin. We conclude that in alveolar septal capillaries Ca(2+) entry through alpha(1G) and TRPV4 channels differentially and specifically regulates the transition of endothelial procoagulant phenotype and barrier integrity, respectively.</P>

Robust design on the arrangement of a sail and control planes for improvement of underwater Vehicle's maneuverability

Wu, Sheng-Ju,Lin, Chun-Cheng,Liu, Tsung-Lung,Su, I-Hsuan The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to discuss how to improve the maneuverability of lifting and diving for underwater vehicle's vertical motion. Therefore, to solve these problems, applied the 3-D numerical simulation, Taguchi's Design of Experiment (DOE), and intelligent parameter design methods, etc. We planned four steps as follows: firstly, we applied the 2-D flow simulation with NACA series, and then through the Taguchi's dynamic method to analyze the sensitivity (β). Secondly, take the data of pitching torque and total resistance from the Taguchi orthogonal array (L9), the ignal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and analysis each factorial contribution by ANOVA. Thirdly, used Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) method to train the non-linear meta-modeling and found out the best factorial combination by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Weighted Percentage Reduction of Quality Loss (WPRQL). Finally, the application of the above methods gives the global optimum for multi-quality characteristics and the robust design configuration, including L/D is 9.4:1, the foreplane on the hull (Bow-2), and position of the sail is 0.25 Ls from the bow. The result shows that the total quality is improved by 86.03% in comparison with the original design.

Determination of Geographical Origin of Tea using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( I-chun Tung ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Every tea has its own aroma and flavor characteristics due to geographic differences in environment and climate. Oolong tea, a very popular kind of partial fermentation tea in Taiwan, is generally more expensive and enjoyable. While tea leaves produced from the other countries are generally cheaper and not easily discernible, many stores mainly use cheaper tea leaves which are imported from Vietnam, India, and China, where adulteration and counterfeit may happen in tea market. To date, determination of geographical origin of tea is mainly depends on sensory evaluation, which lacks of objectivity in science. Therefore, determination of geographical origin of tea is necessary. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive analytical method which has become a powerful tool by associating with chemometrics for food industry. In the present study, the quality-related constituents of tea, including total polyphenols, total free amino acids, pH value, and water were evaluated by NIRS with modified partial least square regression (MPLSR). The calibration models built by MPLSR showed satisfied results. For total polyphenols, the results of the calibration model were Rc = 0.983 and SEC = 4.268 mg/g. The results of free amino acids were R_c = 0.913 and SEC = 3.368 mg/g. The results of pH value were R_c = 0.972 and SEC = 0.105. The results of moisture were R_c = 0.969 and SEC = 0.470 %. To identify the geographical origin of tea, the qualitative method of support vector machine (SVM) will also be applied in this study. The SVM result of identify the partially fermented tea origins was achieved and the accuracies for calibration and prediction sets were both 100%. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics provides a useful tool for internal quality inspection and origin identification of tea.

Magnetotransport and Trapping of Magnetic Domain Walls in Spin Valves With Nanoconstrictions

Noh, S. J.,Chun, B. S.,Wu, H. C.,Shvets, I. V.,Chu, I. C.,Abid, M.,Serrano-Guisan, S.,Kim, Y. K. IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.47 No.10

<P>In a magnetic nanowire, a magnetic domain wall (DW) can move along the wire when an applied magnetic field or a spin-polarized current is applied. A magnetic spin-valve device composed of two nanowires connected by a nanosized constriction was prepared, on which the presence of a pinned DW by nanoconstriction was detected by giant magnetoresistance effect. When the magnetic wire has a nanoconstriction, the DW configuration and width were largely affected by the shape of nanoconstriction. An asymmetric magnetotransport behavior observed in the experiments was interpreted by a micromagnetic modeling study.</P>

Lipopolysaccharide-induced Autophagy Increases SOX2-positive Astrocytes While Decreasing Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Hippocampus

Liu Wen-Chung,Wu Chih-Wei,Fu Mu-Hui,Tain You-Lin,Liang Chih-Kuang,Chen I-Chun,Hung Chun-Ying,Lee Yu-Chi,Wu Kay L.H. 한국뇌신경과학회 2022 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.5

Inflammation alters the neural stem cell (NSC) lineage from neuronal to astrogliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Autophagy contributes to the decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis under E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. SRY-box transcription Factor 2 (SOX2) is critical for NSC self-renewal and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the role of SOX2 in induced autophagy and hippocampal adult neurogenesis under LPS stimulation. LPS (5 ng•100 g-1•hour-1 for 7 days) was intraperitoneally infused into male Sprague–Dawley rats (8 weeks old) to induce mild systemic inflammation. Beclin 1 and autophagy protein 12 (Atg12) were significantly upregulated concurrent with decreased numbers of Ki67- and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Synchronically, the levels of phospho(p)-mTOR, the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, p-P85s6k, and the p-P85s6k/P85s6k ratio were suppressed. In contrast, SOX2 expression was increased. The fluorescence micrographs indicated that the colocalization of Beclin 1 and SOX2 was increased in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus. Moreover, increased S100β-positive astrocytes were colocalized with SOX2 in the SGZ. Intracerebroventricular infusion of 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) effectively prevented the increases in Beclin 1, Atg12, and SOX2. The SOX2+-Beclin 1+ and SOX2+-S100β+ cells were reduced. The levels of p-mTOR and p-P85s6k were enhanced. Most importantly, the number of DCX-positive cells was preserved. Altogether, these data suggest that LPS induced autophagy to inactivate the mTOR/P85s6k pathway, resulting in a decline in neural differentiation. SOX2 was upregulated to facilitate the NSC lineage, while the autophagy milieu could switch the SOX2-induced NSC lineage from neurogenesis to astrogliogenesis.

Adaptive Distributed Fault-tolerant Formation Control for Multi-robot Systems under Partial Loss of Actuator Effectiveness

Yeong-Hwa Chang,Chun-I Wu,Hung-Wei Lin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.5

This paper presents an adaptive distributed fault-tolerant formation control for multi-robot systems. Both the kinematics and dynamics of differential wheeled mobile robots are considered. In particular, the problem caused by actuator faults is investigated. Based on dynamic surface control techniques, adaptive formation controllers can be obtained under a directed communication network. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed by using Lyapunov stability analysis such that all followers can exponentially converge to a leader-follower formation pattern. Simulation and experimental results illustrate that the desired formation pattern can be preserved for a group of wheeled robots subject to unknown uncertainties and actuator faults.