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Development of Phalaenopsis Flowering Quality Prediction Models
( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-huei Chang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Phalaenopsis is an important exported flower in Taiwan and its flowering quality was reported to be correlated to its leaves’ carbohydrate contents and external traits. Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' was used as the experimental samples in this research. A hand-held spectrometer and a hyperspectral system were used to build the carbohydrate content prediction models (CC model) respectively first, and then combined with leaves’ external traits obtained from hyperspectral imaging to build the flowering quality prediction model (FQ model). The advantage and application of FQ models built by both devices were compared. The results showed that the CC models built with MPLSR for glucose, fructose, sucrose, total soluble sugar, starch and total carbohydrates by hyperspectral system were all better than those by hand-held spectrometer. The results of FQ models with PLSDA and SVM also showed that the performance of hyperspectral system to discriminate quality levels was better. As for the ANN models’ results to predict the total number of flowers, the errors using both devices were all lower than 0.87. The research proved that using spectral technique to predict the interior contents in Phalaenopsis leaves or flowering quality were both feasible. Although the performance of hyperspectral imaging system is better than that of hand-held spectrometer, it was expensive and not as convenient as hand-held spectrometer. We can adopt some other ways such as using multispectral imaging system or optimize the performance of hand-held spectrometer if we want to apply the results to the Phalaenopsis industry.
Research on Near Infrared Spectroscopy Application for Aflatoxin Testing on Rice
( I-chun Tung ),( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Rice is one of the most important staple food in the world. In many countries, environments with high temperature/humidity may provide favorable conditions for fungal propagation and production of aflatoxins during rice storage. Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), one of the secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is particularly carcinogenic to humans. People might very likely cause severe illness once rice is contaminated by aflatoxins. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a nondestructive method for rapid and accurate detection of the AFB<sub>1</sub> content in rice. In the present study, evaluation of AFB<sub>1</sub> contaminated rice were conducted by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique with chemometrics. NIR Spectra and the AFB<sub>1</sub> contents of the artificially contaminated rice samples were measured by FOSS NIRS 6500 spectrometer and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), a commonly used multivariate analysis method was then used to build calibration models. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics could provide a useful tool for rapid and accurate detection of AFB<sub>1</sub> content in rice.
Threshold magnetoresistance in anistropic magnetic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Xu, Hongjun,Hsu, Ming-Chien,Fuh, Huei-Ru,Feng, Jiafeng,Han, Xiufeng,Zhao, Yanfeng,Zhang, Duan,Wang, Xinming,Liu, Fang,Liu, Huajun,Cho, Jiung,Choi, Miri,Chun, Byong Sun,Ó,Coileá,in, Cormac The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.6 No.12
<P>Recently many novel magnetoresistance (MR) phenomena have been reported from studies of two dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we report on the exotic transport behavior of VS2. A large negative and quadratic MR of −10% is observed for an in-plane magnetic field B up to 14 T. Remarkably, when the applied field deviates from the in-plane orientation there is a threshold field, Bc, and the MR shows a plateau of near zero MR. When B < Bc, only a single state exists and the transition between quantum spin states is forbidden. Our work sheds new light on the MR of magnetic 2D materials with localized states and may spur further investigations.</P>
GROUND OBSERVATIONS OF SPRITES AND OTHER TLES IN TAIWAN
WANG YUN-CHING,HSU RUE-RON,SU HAN-TZONG,CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,LEE YI-JEN,KUO CHENG-LING,TSAY WEAN-SHUN,CHANG CHAN-KAO,WANG SHI-CHUN,LEE LOU-CHUANG,LIU TIE-YUE The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Sprites, elves and blue jets are collectively denominated as the upper atmospheric transient luminous events (TLEs). They are recently discovered optical flashes between active thunderstorms and the ionosphere. In this report, a brief introduction to the most important characteristics of TLEs is given. Since 2001, scientists from the National Cheng Kung University have been performing yearly summer campaigns from various locations in Taiwan. The main achievements of their yearly campaign are presented.
Determination of Geographical Origin of Tea using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( I-chun Tung ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Yung-kun Chuang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Every tea has its own aroma and flavor characteristics due to geographic differences in environment and climate. Oolong tea, a very popular kind of partial fermentation tea in Taiwan, is generally more expensive and enjoyable. While tea leaves produced from the other countries are generally cheaper and not easily discernible, many stores mainly use cheaper tea leaves which are imported from Vietnam, India, and China, where adulteration and counterfeit may happen in tea market. To date, determination of geographical origin of tea is mainly depends on sensory evaluation, which lacks of objectivity in science. Therefore, determination of geographical origin of tea is necessary. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive analytical method which has become a powerful tool by associating with chemometrics for food industry. In the present study, the quality-related constituents of tea, including total polyphenols, total free amino acids, pH value, and water were evaluated by NIRS with modified partial least square regression (MPLSR). The calibration models built by MPLSR showed satisfied results. For total polyphenols, the results of the calibration model were Rc = 0.983 and SEC = 4.268 mg/g. The results of free amino acids were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.913 and SEC = 3.368 mg/g. The results of pH value were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.972 and SEC = 0.105. The results of moisture were R<sub>c</sub> = 0.969 and SEC = 0.470 %. To identify the geographical origin of tea, the qualitative method of support vector machine (SVM) will also be applied in this study. The SVM result of identify the partially fermented tea origins was achieved and the accuracies for calibration and prediction sets were both 100%. In summary, NIRS associated with chemometrics provides a useful tool for internal quality inspection and origin identification of tea.
( Yung-kun Chuang ),( Tsung-hsin Wu ),( I-chun Tung ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Tea is a widely consumed drink among elderly people in Chinese population. The consumption is growing in different ages because of the founding of many handy-tea-drink stores in Taiwan. However, determination of tea quality is still mainly based on sensory evaluation, which lacks of objectivity in science. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a rapid nondestructive inspection method, has been widely applied for evaluation of internal quality of agricultural products. Because an NIR spectrum of a mixture on first approximation is the linear addition of individual spectra of the constituents in the mixture, such a spectrum thus can be regarded as an assembly of ‘blind sources’ as the proportion of constituents in the samples remains unknown. Independent component analysis (ICA), a multiuse statistical approach originally used to implement ‘blind source separation’ in signal processing, is capable of disassembling the mixture’s signals with only a small loss of information and does not require any additional information from the source. To date, ICA has not been applied to analysis of the internal quality of tea. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine internal quality of tea in terms of quantitative approaches using NIR spectroscopy combined with ICA technique. The internal quality-related indices of tea, including tea polyphenols (TP), free amino acids (FAA), water, and pH value were evaluated simultaneously. The results show that ICA with NIR has the potential to be adopted as an effective method for evaluating internal quality of tea.
Predicting the Anthocyanin Content of Kyoho Grapes by Nir Spectroscopy
( Si-yun Wang ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Han-chun Hsu ),( Yung-huei Chang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Kyoho grapes are in dark purple color. Anthocyanin plays a major role on the colors of berries, and contains antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer substance. The method of inspecting Anthocyanins so far is by either visual or destructive technique of using chemicals, but these methods could not carry out real-time accurate inspection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of non-destructive inspection in predicting Anthocyanin content by near-infrared spectroscopy. This study used the NIRS 6500 spectrometer ranged from 400 to 2500 nm. The prediction model of Anthocyanin content of Kyoho grapes was established by near-infrared spectroscopy and concentration of Anthocyanin. The results of this study showed the reliability and feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy on predicting the Anthocyanin content of grapes. In the future, the Anthocyanin content can be quickly predicted by spectroscopic techniques.
ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD
CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.