소양호의 DOC와 POC의 분포

김범철,최광순,김철구,이유희,김동섭,박제철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Seasonal and vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon were investigated from May 1995 to March 1997 in n deep mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, POC contentrations at the dam site ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 mgC/L and DOC concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 mgC/L. POC concentrations in the surface layer were higher in the season of cyanobacterial bloom, July to September. High POC was observed at the depth of 30 to 60m after storm runoff in summer monsoon season. Turbid storm runoff formed intermediate current laden with much particulate materials from terrestrial sources. The vertical and seasonal variation of DOC was smaller than POC. Higher DOC was observed near the lake bottom which implies sedimentation and degradation of much organic detritus at the bottom. The ratio of DOC : POC varied from 2 to 60, and the ratio was lowest in September 1995 when algal density was highest. DOC : POC ratio of the main inflowing river, the Soyang River, varied from 1 to 10, and the ratio was low in storm runoff when the POC concentration was high.

부산 일광산 습지의 식물상

최철만,정은주,이인섭 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

To investigate the flora of wetland at Mt. Il-Kwang, the helophyte of the mountain was examined. The flora observed was classified into 2 phyla, 15 families, 27 genera, and 34 species. Representative species at the wetland were Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia racemosa, Utricularia bifida, Eriocaulon miquelianum, and Eleocharis attenuata var. laeviseta. In the lower part of the wetland, water was abundant and soil surface layer was thin, and Eriocaulon miquelianum-Carex canescens-Drosera rotundifolia community were developed. On the other hand, in the upper part of the wetland, water was not abundant and soil surface layer was thick, and Agrostis clavata-Phragmites japonica community were developed. Utricularia bifida and Utricularia yakusimensis were growing abundantly at this wetland, but Utricularia racemosa was few in number and narrow in the distribution area. Eriocaulon miquelianum, a Korean endemic plant, was observed, and Habenaria linearifolia, Spiranthes amoena, and Epipactis thunbergii, the CITES plant, were observed at this wetland. Insectivorous plant such as Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia racemosa, Utricularia bifida, and Utricularia yakusimensis were also observed.

水稻의 穗肥가 生育 및 穗首稻熱病 發生에 미치는 影響 : 第一報 穗肥時期를 달리하였을 때 水稻의 收量 및 穗首熱病 發生에 미치는 影響 1. The Effect of Nitrogen Application Days on the Yields and the Rate of the Neck Blast Desease's Appearance

金正洙,安元燮,李喆浩 진주산업대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

穗肥가 穗首稻熱病 發生에 미치는 影響을 調査하기 위하여 1980年 4月∼10月에 걸쳐서 穗肥時期를 달리하였을 때 水稻의 收量 및 稻熱病發生率을 調査한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 生穫重은 8월 2일 穗肥區에서 가장 많았고 7月 24日區에서 가장 낮았다. 2. 收量은 穗肥時期에 따라 큰 差異를 보이지 않아 7月 19日∼7月 29日區에서 공히 1474㎏로 같았고 7月 14日區에서 가장 낮았다. 3. 品種間에 있어서 收量이 가장 적은것은 來敬이였으며 가장 收量이 높게 나타난 品種은 密陽 23號였다. 4. 穗首稻熱病發生率은 8月 2日 穗肥區와 7月 29日 穗肥區에서 가장 높아 穗肥時期가 늦어지면 늦어 질수록 稻熱病發生率이 높은 경향을 보였다. This experiment was carried out to obtain the effect or yields and the rate of neck blast desease's appearnce in the 4 varieties of paddy rice applied nitrogen in the different days around the panicle initiation stage, and the results were as follows: 1. The fresh weights of paddy rice was the heaviest at the plot applied nitrogen on Aug 2nd, but that was the lightest in the plot applied nitrogen on July 24th. 2. The yields of paddy rice were not much difference depend on the application days of nitrogen. 3. The variety of Milyang 23 was the highest yield and Lageoung was the lowest yield variety. 4. In the rate of neck blast desease's appearance, the plot applied nitrogen on Aug. 2nd and July 29th were the highest, and the later the nitrogen was applied, the higher the neck blast desease was appeared.

白鼠의 카드뮴中毒時 Diallyldisulfide가 카드뮴 排泄에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

沈贊燮,宋東彬,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.3

The garlic has been proved to have protective effect on the poisoning of cadmium and mercury in previous studies. Diallyldisulfide, the major substance of garlic extract, was expected to have the similar protective effect to the heavy metal poisoning. In this study the effect of diallyldisulfide on the excretion of cadmium from body and accumulation of cadmium in the target organs, liver, kidney and testis was studied and was also compared with the effect to 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). For the experiment, cadmium (1 mg/kg) was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats for 4 days and diallyldisulfide and DMSA were administered respectively per os with oral tube once a day for 11 days which was started 1 day before starting cadmium injection. The 24 hours feces and urine were collected seperately using metabolic cage for 10 days and studied the effect of diallyldisulfide and DMSA on the excretion of cadmium. The results of the experiment were as follows. 1. The simultaneously administered groups of cadmium and diallyldisulfide or cadmium and DMSA showed more excellent effect on the excretion of cadmium than the cadmium alone administered groups. Especially fecal excretion of cadmium was remarkable between at 2nd and 8th day of diallyldisulfide or DMSA administration. In comparison with the effect of two regimen, ratio of the total excretion to the total administration of cadmium in 10 days was higher in the diallyldisulfide administered group than in the DMSA administered group. The effect of urinary excretion in diallyldisulfide administred group was inferior to DMSA administered group and its excretion effect was weak comparing with the fecal excretion. 2. The accumulation of cadmium in testis and kidney was decreased markedly in diallyldisulfide or DMSA administered groups than cadmium alone administered group, but in liver and spleen it was not decreased markedly. Especially the treated with diallyldisulfide or DMSA groups showed the accumulation of cadmium in kidney 28-31% less than the cadmium alone administered group. Also in testis they showed 34% less accumulation of cadmium in diallyldisulfide administered group and 50% less accumulation in DMSA administered group than cadmium alone administered group respectively.

韓國農村의 近代化와 小作農에 관한 硏究 : 嶺南 地方을 中心으로

鄭喆洙,金種震,尹槿燮 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1978 東洋文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

1. Duration of the Project: fron June 1977 to July 1978 2. Objectives of the Project: 1) An empirical survey on the real state and practices of the tenancy in rural community. 2) An analysis of the mobility of tenants and the relationships which exist between tenants and landlords. 3) Determining the orientation of the tenants' pattern of thought. 4) Examination of socio-economic factors related to the retardation of agricultural modernization under farm tenancy. 3. Methodology: Fourty rural villages, of these three types-villages near a city, in a plain and in a mountainous remote areas-have been selected for this research in Kyungsangbuk-do and Kyungsangnam-do areas. A tota1 of 3166 households were doing farming as their main occupations. Out of these 3166 farm households, there were 878 small tenant farm households (27.7%) which iuclude pure tenants, tenant farmers with their own farms, own farmers with tenant farms, ancestor worship farm tenants and others. Two thirds of these 878 tenant farmers (585 household heads) were selected for this research. However, a total of 514 tenants (responding rate:88%) out of 585 tenants were possible for interview. These 514 tenant farmers were subjects of analysis for this research. The findings are summarized in the following: (1) To see the ratio of tenant farm households to the total farm in suburban willages which are located near a city (48.5%); the next remote villages located in remote mountainous areas (23.1%) and plain villages located in a plain (20.6%). The reason for these differential ratio of tenant farmers in different types of villages may be explained in terms of rich urban residents' capability to buy farmlands near their living cities and then to rent those farms to the vi11age tenant farmers. (2) Around 90% of 514 respondents are males and they are mainly in their 40s and 50s(65%). 82% of them had less than elementary school education. There are 6.5 persons per household on the average. This number of average household members exceeds average number of Korean household members by 1.4 persons (1975). (3) 68% of all respondents farm less than one jongbo of arable land per house hold. Extremely poor farmers who farm less than 5 danbo are 22% of all respondents. Among these figures, pure tenant farmers are almost half of these extremely poor farmers(47%). As a whole, the size of tenant farmlands per household is: less than one jongbo(93%), less than five danbo(97%). The ratio of tenant farm area to the total average arable land per household is 57%. (4) Annual average income per household is: less than 700,000 won (55%), more than 1,000,000 won(24%). 87% of those pure tenant farmers, on the average, record an annual average income of less than 700,000 won. Compared with an annual average income of 1,430,000 won of Korean rural residents per household(1977), A majority of tenant farmers are earning less than half of the Korean farm household annual income in general. (5) 88% of all respondent farmers live in their own houses. However, only 65% of pure tenant farmers live in their own houses. Cultural conveniences include radio and TV (16% respectively), newspaper subscription (16%), and use of toothpasts(2.5%). (6) 65% of respondents have lived in their present villages since before August 15th(1945) Korean Liberation Day (i.e. for more than 30 years they have lived in the villages); These farmers born in their village comprise 31% while immigrants from other places are 69%. Out of these 69% of tenant farmers who moved in the present villages, a majority of them(90%) are from rural areas of their province of origin. (7) Social mobility of tenant farmers: 68% of respondents were farmers as thier previous occupations, and about 18% of respondents were front non-agricultural backgrounds (mannual laborers, agricultural laborers, salers, and tne non-employed). Around 23% of respondents who were landlords before the Land Reform showed downward social mobility by becoming tenant farmers after the Land Reform. About 21% of respondents showed reverse social mobility trend, i.e. upward social mobility from farm laborers or farm servants. Those tenant farmers whose fathers were own farmers or landlords were about 40% of all respondents while those who showed intergenerational upward mobility from employed laborer status to tenant farming covers only six per cent of all respondents. (8) Practice of tenancy has a long history in Korea, and the three different types of tenancy in general practice are: 1) fix ground rent (Jongdo-bob) which tenant farmer pays a certain amount of rent to the landlord regardless of good of bad harvest, 2) after-harvest rent (Tajak-bob) in which a certain amount of tenant rate is predetermined in advance, however, the actual amount of crops may vary depending upon the amount of crops well or illharvested, 3) before-harvest rent (Doji-bob) in which tenant rent is decided upon just before the harvest mainly by the estimates of the crops by tenant farmers and landlords. In this research we find that 49% of respondents are in after-harvest rent practice 42% in fix ground rent practice and 6% in before-harvest rent practice. Eighty-two percent of tenant farmers pay their rents by way of rice crops and only 13% of them pay the rent in cash. In the case of the after-harvest rent practice, 88% of the tenant farmers divide the harvest crops in half with the landlords. A total of 79 tenant farmers (15%) out of 514 tenant farmers pay some part of between-rice crops as their tenant rents in addition to the heavy main rents. In varying degrees, the tenant farmers pay land taxes(52%), and water tax or seed expenses and fertilizer cost (85%). Almost 47% of tenant farmers bear half of the lenses of carrying the rent crop to the landlord's house. 32% of tenants carry the rent crop to the landlord's house with tenant's expenses. (9) Tenant period tends not to be definite in terms of contracts (68%). About 89% of tenants rent the farms from the landlords by oral contracts. Around 87% of the tenants pay their rent after the harvest is completed. (10) Half of the tenant farmers have no kinship relations with their landlords. Around one third of the tenant farmers rent farms from close kinsmen including parent-child relations. Around 68% of landlords live in the villages, while 29% of landlords live in the cities. The landlords control the tenant frmers directly without brokers between them. (11) On the questions of their attitudes toward farming occupation, around 60% of tenant farmers expressed dissatisfaction of their farming occupation. About 40% of them satisfied themselves with their occupation, and equally about 40% of them cited farming or agriculature as their desired occupation. Asked what occupation they want their children to work on, they cited govern ment offices, teaching, sales. Agriculture or farming found the lowest scale of the desire. Judging from these phenomena, the tenant farmers do not like farming inside their heart. Therefore, those tenant farmers who really like working on the farm are not many. (12) Around over one third of tenant farmers think there are some differences in the harvest amount between their own lands and their related lands. The main reason for this pattern of thought seems to be in their attachment to their lands. Around 38% of those respondents answered in the positive when asked whether they could produce more harvest if their tenanted lands were their own lands. The majority of tenant farmers responded favorably to the Land Reform. In the above we reviewed the real state of tenancy in Korea. Although around 30 years have passed since the Land Reform in 1949, we have unfortunately found the actual existence of landlord-tenant relations which are forbidden by law. The existence of tenancy impedes the modernization of rural Korean community. Those tenant farmers who have only less than 24,506 acre of lands to cultivate are 70% of all respondents. These tenant farmers who pay 50% of their harvest as their rent to the landlords are around 90% of all the farmers interviewed. In addition, may of those tenants should bear the expenses of land taxes, water tax, seed purchase, fertilizer, other rents and the burden of carrying the crop rent to the landlords. Thus the majority of their annual average income are lower that half of that of Korean rural community in general. That is, their annual average income is only meager 700,000 won, forming lower income strata. However, these tenant families have 1.4 persons more members per family compared with the number of persons per family of the rural Korean community average in general. Thus, their subsistance faces further difficulty. These tenants, economically in difficult conditions, are also insulated from the cultural benefits of modernization. Their educational level shows that 80% of them had only less than 6 years of formal education. The fact that 16% of them posess radios and only 2.5% of them use toothpastes for brushing the teeth demonstrates their cultural deprivation. On the other hand, concerning the landlord tenant relationships, the oral contact dominate between the two parties, and no period of tenancy is decided in the beginning. Therefore we can safely see the practice of pre-modern patterns of practices. We think that the tenants still maintain the pre-modernization patterns of thought which can be seen in an answer by tenants to question on, what amount of rent would be desirable; around 58% of tenants said the proper amount of rent would be more than 40% of crops harvested. In short, for the rapid realization of Korean modernization and democratization, it is necessary to destroy the landlord-tenant relations according to the principle of "land to the tiller." In case of its difficulty to carry it out soon, at least we should see to it that the high rate of rent should be reduced to the level which may ease heavy burden of tenant farmers. These, measures should be taken steps soon so that the tenant farmers may enhance their level of life as well as enjoy the cultural benefits. These measures will help change some pattern of thought of tenant farmers.

유연 다물체 동역학 모델에 의한 트럭 프레임의 내구 해석

이철훈,김상섭 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 공학기술논문집 Vol.26 No.-

This paper presents a method to predict durability of truck frame. A full vehicle model of the truck was constructed using ADAMS program. The truck model includes front and rear suspensions, tires, steering system, cab/cargo, and the flexible frame of the truck. Through the modal analysis of the FEA model of the truck frame, the appropriate vibration modes and static correction modes are selected. The dynamic stress of the truck was calculated by modal stress recovery method while the truck is running over durability road. The fatigue analysis was performed to predict the durability of the truck frame. The analysis results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

韓國 中小企業 情報化의 實態

朴哲浩,盧春燮 순천대학 중소기업경영연구소 1991 기업경영연구 Vol.- No.2

水稻의 穗肥가 生育 및 穗首稻熱病 發生에 미치는 影響 : 第二報 穗肥水準이 水稻의 收量 및 穗首稻熱病 發生에 미치는 影響 2. The Effect of the Nitrogen level on the Yields and the Rate of ths Neck Blast Deseas's Appearance

安元燮,李喆浩,崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

統一系 水稻 品種의 穗首稻熱病에 대한 發生原因을 調査하기 위하여 種肥量을 10α當 無施區에서 4㎏區까지 N8個 水準으로 分割하고 4品種을 供試하였으며 그 試驗結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 地上部 生育은 施肥量의 增加에 따라서 多少 增加하는 傾向이었으나 有意性은 認定되지 않았다. 2) 收量은 穗肥量 1.5㎏區에서 가장 많았으며 株當收量은 平均 48g을 나타냈다. 3) 穗首稻熱病은 10α當 穗肥基準量 3㎏에서 來敬과 魯豊이 가장 많이 發生하였다. 4) 收量과 穗首稻熱病의 發生率間에는 큰 相關을 나타내지 않았으며 이러한 原因은 이들 處理穗肥水準의 幅이크지 않았던 점에 起因된 것으로 思料된다. This experiment was carried out to obtain the effect of yields and the rate of neck blast desease's appearance in the 4 varieties of paddy rice applied the differant levels of nitrogen from o to 4㎏ per 10a, and the results were as follows; 1. The growth weight was increased by adding nitrogen, but it was not signifcantly difference. 2. The yield was the highest at the plot of 1.5㎏ treatment, and the average yield per 1 plant was 122g. 3. In the rate of neck blast desease's appearence, the variety of Nopung treated 3㎏ per 10 a was the highest in all varieties with 12.8%. 4. In the relation between the yield and the rate of neck blast desease's appearance, highly positive correlation was not found, and it was considered because of the short ranged treatment.

外國人 直接投資에 대한 硏究 : 對外經濟證屬이 經濟成長과 所得分配에 미치는 影響에 관한 實증硏究

徐東錫,金洙槿,宋燮瑋,金喆煥 亞洲大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Dependency theory claims that economic dependency retards economic development and increases income inequlity within peripheral countries. On the other hand, neoclassical development theory predicts that economic linkage to the world economy facilitates economic growth and improves the income distribution. This paper aimes to test the general validity of dependency theory by using a cross section data over 1970s and time series data over the period 1962-1984 of Korea. The time series data allow us to observe the dynamics of dependency theory which emphasizes the "historical process". Four measures of economic dependency or external linkage are used to regress the economic growth rate and Gini coefficients. The control variables additionally employed in our empirical analysis are exports and domestic capital formation. The research design employed is a regression analysis incorporating lag structure. The results indicate that economic dependency has no significant negative effects on growth and income distribution. Thus we conclude that the denpendency theory is not substantiated by our empirical data. The data rather supports the neoclassical development theory.

水稻의 分施效果가 稻熱病發生에 미치는 影響

安元燮,李喆浩,崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

1978年 우리나라에서 新統一系品種에 大發生한 穗首稻熱病의 發病要因에 대한 問題點을 보완하고 栽培法上의 技術確立을 위하여 品種 및 施肥種類에 따른 稻熱病發生程度와 벼의 生育 및 收量을 調査分析한 바 몇가지 結果를 얻었기에 要約하고져 한다. 1. 草長과 稈長은 無施肥區나 單獨施肥區보다 兼用施肥區 및 完全施肥區에서 길었으며 穗長은 一定한 傾向을 보이지 않았다. 2. 株當粒數는 三期完全施肥區에서 增加되었고 株當穗數는 基肥兼用區에서 많았다. 3. 生體重과 正租重(收量)은 相互 높은 相關을 보였으며 基肥兼用施肥區 및 完全施肥區에서 가장 높았다. 4. 稻熱病은 無肥區에서 거의 發生하지 않았으며 完全施肥區로 갈수록 많았다. There was a epidemic outbreak of disease in rice varieties, especially semi-dwarf varieties (Tongil Type varieties) which were damaged severely by neck blast disease in Korea 1978. Studies on outbreak of riceblast disease in 1978. in respect of cultural practive-methods of fertilizing application for established technical cultivation. The results are as follow; 1. The height per plant and culm length were longest in plot of combinative fertilization included with basal fertilizer. 2. Number of panicles per hill increased in plot of combinative fertilization with basal and number of spikelets per panicle were reduced by non-fertilization but increased in plot of standard fertilization. 3. Highly positive correlations were fond between fresh weight and brown rice(yield) weight in all applied treatments. The yield were highest in plot of combintive fertilization stage with basal fertilizer. 4. In cultural practice, heavy fertilizer application might have cuased the result of neck blast disease.