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조숙희,추재욱 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 1999 人文學硏究 Vol.28 No.-
1980년 이후 핀터(Harold Pinter)의 작품들에서는 정치적인 색채가 짙어졌으며, 특히 시민들 을 탄압하는 독재자에 대한 풍자가 주요 쟁점으로 등장하였다. 핀터 자신은 자신의 모든 작 품을 정치적인 것이라고 주장하지 않지만, 그의 작품에는 '권력과 폭력이 어떻게 사용되고 있는가?', '한 인간이 다른 인간에게 어떻게 폭력을 가하고 또 상대편을 굴복시킬 수 있는가?' 하는 문제가 항상 등장한다. 또한 그의 대부분의 작품은 권력의 문제, 성의 문제, 언어와 폭력의 문제 등을 다루고 있는데, 이러한 것들은 모두 근본적으로 정치적인 문제와 관련이 있다. 후기의 대표적인 작품인 나 등에서는 조직의 개인에 대한 폭력과 억압의 문제가 여과 없이 다루어지고 있다. 특히 핀터가 이러한 주제들을 표현해내는 방법에 있어서는 언어의 문제가 깊게 결부되어 있다. 그가 구사하고 있는 독특한 극언어는 다양한 비평적인 접근을 가능하게 하므로, 그의 극 언어에 대한 비평이 활발하게 있다. 핀터의 언어관은 단어의 의미에 고정되어 있지 않으므로, 반드시 그 단어가 속한 구문 속에서 살펴보아야 한다는 비트겐쉬타인의 주장과도 일치한다. 예컨대, 핀터 극에서 침묵은 하나의 언어전략으로서, 이것은 단순히 지배에 대한 수동적인 회피가 아니라 오히려 적극적인 저항의 도구가 될 수도 있다.
崔淑卿,鄭世華 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1976 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.28 No.-
This paper attempts to trace the process of formation of Korean Women's "modern" consciousness and to indicate how it started to grow. Since the 17th century the voluntary modernization effort had been pursued by the followers of practical science. However, the effort had met with failure. The effort began to be realized in the 19th century when the Korean government partially perceived the necessity of modernization and opened her door to keep abreast with the other nations of the world. Korean women came to be enlightened by those who had the chance to be in contact with new knowledge and things, by the introduction of Christianity, and by modern education for women in so-called mission schools. The Kaap-O Reform in 1894 brought changes to all walks of life. The political and economic system of the country together with the social one began to be changed. Accordingly, the enlightenment penetrated the family system, people's social standing, government official's social privileges and so forth. The change was, more or less, an expected outcome of the social needs of the period. In the name of women's beauty and virtue, any remarriage of women was strictly forbidden. However, the custom was abolished with the reform. On the other hand, early marriage of women was forbidden. Although schools were open to common people at the time, no one paid any particular attention to the necessity of educating women. Women made a complaint against the government, and with men took part in the patriotic civil rights movement of the Manmin-Kongdong-Hoi)"All the people getting together society") and tried to oust the incompetent ministry and to establish a reform cabinet. Thereafter, as Japan expanded her aggressive forces, the women's rights movement together with the movement for restoring the sovereignty of Korea was developed. The women's consciousness in this crucial situation complemented the patriotic movement at this time. In 1905, when Korea was deprived of diplomatic rights by Japan, The women's patriotic consciousness was enhanced. They established women's organizations, schools for women, and actively participated in the Kukchae-Posaang Movement("National debt redemption movement") with men. The purpose of the above-mentioned movements was to save the country from crisis and to produce capable women who could do a big part in safeguarding the country. The Korean women's movement is quite different from its western counterpart in the sense that the women's movement in the West has been launched against men. The "enlightened" Korean men have supported and welcomed Korean women's "modern" consciousness, since the friction between the two sexes had to be dissolved in the face of the much bigger task loaded on their shoulders, the protection of the sovereignty of their country from the enemy outside.