밤 脂質 成分의 分析 : 제1보. 內果肉 및 外果肉의 脂質組成 Part Ⅰ. Composition of lipid fraction of inner and outer part of chestnut

李鍾旭,김재욱(욱자한문지원안됨) 한국응용생명화학회 1982 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.25 No.4

銀寄, 鹿鳥, 霜被의 3가지 밤 品種을 試料로 하여 果肉을 內果肉과 外果肉으로 나눈 후에 遊離脂質 및 結合脂質을 抽出 하고 그의 脂質組成 및 構成脂肪酸을 column chromatography, gas chromatography에 의하여 分離, 定量하였다.밤의 總脂質의 평균함량(固刑物當)은 內果肉에 1.84%, 外果肉에 1.95%였으며 이 중에서 遊離脂質은 內果肉에 1.26%, 外果肉에 1.63%이나 結合脂質은 內果肉에 0.58%, 外果肉에 0.32%로서 유리지질이 결합 지질보다 2~5배 많았으며 外果肉에 특히 유리지질이 많았다.遊離脂質 중의 中性脂質은 평균 39.5%로 結合脂質의 4%보다 10배 정도 많았으나 外果肉에 있어서는 遊離脂質 중의 중성지질이 56.6%로서 더욱 많았다. 糖脂質의 평균함량은 유리지질에 22.0%, 결합지질에 17.0%였으며 燐脂質의 평균함량은 유리지질에는 6.9%였으나 결합지질에는 10.5%로써 그 含量이 많았다.밤의 遊離脂質을 구성하는 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid 및 linolenic acid이나 結合脂質에는 palmitic acid가 40.1%로 가장 많았고 linoleic acid, linolenic acid가 그 다음으로 적었다. 또한 결합지질에는 飽和脂肪酸이 유리지질에서 보다 2배 정도 많았다. Free and bound lipids of both inner and outer part in the edible portion of 3 varieties of chestnuts(Castanea crenata) were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipid, glycolipid and phoepholipid, by silicic acid column chromatography. Fatty acid composition of each fraction was examined with gas chromatography. Lipid contents in chestnut on dry weight basis were 1.84% in inner part(1.26%-free lipid and 0. 58% bound lipid) and 1.95% in outer part (1.63%-free lipid and 0.32%-bound lipid). Free lipid content was 2~5 times higher than bound lipid content and was more abundant in the outer part. Neutral lipid content of the free lipid in the inner part was 39.5%, approximately 10 times as much as that of the bound lipid, but in the outer part, the former was 56.6%. Glycolipid content was 22. 0% in the free lipid and 17.0% in the bound lipid. Phospholipid content was 6.9% in the free lipid and 10.5% in the bound lipid. The predominant fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid in the free lipid, and palmitic acid, linoleic arid and linolenic acid in the bound lipid, Therefore, saturated fatty acid content in the bound lipid was 2 times higher than in the free lipid.

한국산 양다래의 재배지역과 경도에 따른 품질 요인 분석

김동연,이종욱,정영민 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1991 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.26 No.-

한국산 양다래의 주요 품종인 Hayward, Abbott, Bruno를 재배지역별로 경도에 따른 품질분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 경도는 제주산 Abbott가 제일 높았으며 지역에 따른 차이에서도 위도가 낮은 제주 지역의 Hayward가 경도가 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 해남 읍산의 Hayward는 D 그룹(2.2kg/㎠ 이상)이 35.9%이었다. 과실 경도에 따른 적정산도는 1.93-2.47% 범위였으나 제주시산 Hayward가 비교적 산함량이 많앗고 서귀포산 Hayward가 비교적 낮은 경향을 보였다. Brix 당도를 보면 해남읍산 Hayward가 16.0% 내외로써 가장 높았고 서귀포산 Hayward가 평균 13.0%로써 가장 낮았다. 유리당은 주로 glucose와 fructose이었으며 과실에 원래 함유되어 있을 것으로 예상되는 sucrose는 숙성중 invertase에 의해 분해된 것으로 생각된다. 품종과 지역에 따라 유기산 함량은 상당히 다른 경향을 나타내고 있으나 전체적으로 citric acid의 함량이 가장 많았다. chlorophyll 함량은 지역과 품종에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있으나 chlorophyll a:b의 비율은 1.3~1.5 내외로써 거의 일정한 값을 보여주고 있다. Kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis Planch, cv. Hayward, cv. Bruno and cv. Abbott) were grouped into four groups based on its fruit hardness after storage at 2℃ for three months. Most of Hayward cultivars from the Che-ju area were belonged to C group (1.6-2.1kg/㎠) by hardness. It was shown that these fruits were suitable for the direct use as fresh state. Contents of various components prepared from the four fruit groups were determined. There was no significant difference in the contents of acidity, soluble solids, free sugars(glucose and fructose) and ascorbic acid. However the contents of organic acids (citric and malic acid) were closely associated with the degree of fruit hardness and the cultivating area.

유색미를 첨가하여 제조한 유과의 품질

이유석,정해옥,이종욱 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Yukwa was prepared with the glutinous rice by the addition of different ratio of pigmented rice (0, 3, 5, 7, 10%) and were steeped for 7 days at 20℃. No significant differences were found among the samples when the textural properties of Yukwa dough and base were measured using a texture analyzer. But the crispness was decreased with the increase of the addition level of pigmented rice. The redness (a value) and yellowness (b value) of the dough and Yukwa base were increased and the lightness (L value) was decreased as the addition levels increased. The expansion rate of Yukwa was decreased with the increase of addition levels. The overall acceptability of Yukwa prepared with the addition of 7% pigmented rice was the best in the sensory evaluation.

팜유로 튀긴 유과의 저장 중 품질 변화

이유석,정해옥,이종욱 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

콩기름과 팜유로 튀긴 유과를 20℃와 50℃에 저장하면서 분석한 결과 콩기름으로 튀겨 50℃에 저장한 유과의 산가는 2주에는 0.78mg/g에서 4주에 9.35mg/g으로 급격한 증가를 하였으나 팜유로 튀긴 유과는 저장 6주까지 변화가 없다가 저장 8주에서 2.08mg/g을 나타내었다. 과산화물가의 경우 콩기름으로 튀긴 유과를 50℃에서 저장하였을 때 저장 4주까지 급격한 증가를 보이다 4주 이후 감소하였다. 저장 기간에 따른 지방산의 변화는 20℃ 저장의 경우 저장 전과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 50℃ 저장의 경우 콩기름과 팜유 모두 palmitic acid, stearic acid 및 oleic acid는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였고 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid는 감소하였다. 또한 관능검사 결과 콩기름으로 튀긴 유과는 4주 이후 이취미가 발생하기 시작하여, 7주가 지난 후에는 이취미가 보다 강하게 발생하였지만 팜유로 튀긴 유과는 4주째에 이취미가 약간 발생하였으나, 그 정도가 미미하였고, 8주째에도 이취미가 강하게 발생하지 않았다. 따라서' 유과 튀김시 콩기름을 팜유로 대체한다면 종래 방법으로 제조된 유과에 비해 저장 기간이 증가할 것으로 사료된다. Yukwa is a popular Korean traditional fried rice snack. The high fat content and porous structure of Yukwa cause it to become rancid rapidly. For extending the shelf-life of Yukwa, the Bandegi was fried with palm oil and soybean oil. The stability of Yukwa in lipid oxidation was determined by acid value(AV), peroxide value(POV), composition of fatty acid and sensory evaluation during & weeks of storage at 20℃ and 50℃. As the storage time increased, the AVs of soybean oil and palm oil during storage at 50℃ were increased up to 42.64 and 2.09 mg/g, respectively. The POV of soybean oil during storage at 50℃ was increased up to 4 weeks and then decreased. And as the storage time increased, the contents of stearic and oleic acid were increased, while linoleic and linoleic acid were decreased.

Distribution of Lipoxygenase Activity Among Flours from Different Milling of Wheat

Chong-Ouk Rhee,Toshio Sugimoto,Yukio Kawamura 한국식품과학회 1993 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.2 No.1

창평쌀엿의 저장온도에 따른 품질특성의 변화

이종욱(Chong-Ouk Rhee),박근형(Keun-Hyung Park),석호문(Ho-Moon Seog) 한국식품과학회 1992 한국식품과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Clostridium botulinum 포자의 방사선저항과 NaCl 민감성과의 관계

이종욱(Chong - Ouk Rhee),김성기(Sung - Kih Kim) 한국미생물생명공학회 1976 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.4 No.1

한국산 야생다(野生茶)의 성분에 관한 연구 : 제1보 . 전질소(全窒素) , 회분(灰分) , 가용분(可溶分) , 탄닌 , 카페인 및 비타민 C 에 관하여 Part 1. Total nitrogen , Ash , Water extract , Tannin , Caffeine and Vitamin C

이종욱,김동연,은종방 한국농화학회 1985 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.28 No.3

The significant chemical constituents estimating the quality of green tea were compared and analyzed in the tea shoots of native Korean tea plants. The tea shoots of different varieties among native tea plants were plucked in Waun-ri, Yongjang-ri, others in eight tea-growing places, and Yabukita, for the comparison, which is excellent Japanese variety. The contents of Yongjang-ri tea shoots were 0.55% lower in total nitrogen, 41.14 ㎎% lower in vitamin C and 0.56% higher in tannin than the average of the other eight places. The contents of ash, caffeine and water extract showed no difference between the tea shoots. Tea shoots of Waunri had similar compositions compared with those of Yabukita and other eight places in the chemical constituents. It is considered that the tea leaves in Yongjang-ri would be different variety comparing with other eight places in the view of characters and constituents. And it is thought that tea leaves in Waun-ri would be the large leaf variety of same genealogy because tea leaves in Waun-ri was different from the other eight places in characters, but was similar to in constituents.

대두의 수화속도에 미치는 침지온도의 영향

이종욱,김동연,서인숙 한국농화학회 1988 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.31 No.1

The effects of temperature on the water uptake rate of soybeans soaked in tap water and 0.5% NaHCO₃, solution were studied. The higher the soaking temperature, the faster the hydration rate, and among the three soybean varieties (Tanyob, Kwanggyo and Saeal), Tanyob(the smallest variety) showed faster rate than ocher varieties when soaking in tap water and 0.5% NaHCO₃, solution. Activation energy due to weight increase was calculated using Arrhenius equation. z-Values calculated from weight changes to reach different degrees of hydration during soaking showed the tendency to decrease with the increase of hydration degree when soaking in tap water and 0.5% NaHCO₃, solution.

생태적 축산폐수 처리 및 재활용 연못시스템의 폐수처리수준

이종욱,양홍모 한국환경농학회 1998 한국환경농학회지 Vol.17 No.1

실험결과 최종처리수의 BOD_5를 30㎎/ℓ이하로 유지하는 것이 충분히 가능하다. 최종처리수의 총질소와 총인은 축산폐수처리시설의 방류수 수질기준보다 월등히 낮다. 연못상층에서 조류(Algae)가 성장하면서 질소와 인을 흡수하기 때문이다. 연못시스템은 질소와 인을 동시에 제거하는 장점이 있다. 최종처리수의 평균 SS가 30㎎/ℓ 보다 다소 높아 2차처리 수준의 방류수 수질기준을 충족시키지 못하는 경우가 발생할 수 있으나 연못상층의 조류(Algae) 성장에 원인이 있어 문제가 되지 않는다. 2차연못과 3차연못의 SS는 거의 조류가 차지하고 있다. 조류를 회수하여 사료로 사용하거나 처리수를 유기농업 관수로 이용하여 조류를 비료로 이용하는 재활용 방법이 바람직하다. 실험 연못시스템의 모델은 연못의 수, 연못의 종류, 각 연못의 크기, 유입폐수의 BOD_5 부하량을 적절히 조절하면 액상폐수(뇨·오수)뿐아니라 분·뇨·오수를 동시에 처리할 수 있다. 국내 여건에서는 중소규모 축산시설의 폐수를 처리하는데 연못시스템이 적합하며, 토지확보가 가능하면 대형 축산폐수 공동처리시설로 사용할 수 있다. 대부분 축산농가에 설치되어 있는 간이정화조와 산화구를 연못시스템으로 대치하여 이들의 낮은 처리효율의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다고 사료된다. 다른 처리기법에 비해 연못시스템은 관리운영에 적은 인력과 경비가 소요하여 노동력이 부족한 농촌지역에 적합하다. A model of pond system is developed for treatment and recycling of excreta from twenty-five adult dairy cattle. It is composed of wastewater treatment ponds and small fish ponds. Those are three facultative ponds in series; primary-secondary-tertiary pond and these are designed to rear carps without feeding. A pit is constructed at the bottom of primary pond for efficient sludge sedimentation and effective methane fermentation. It is contrived to block into it the penetration of oxygen dissolved in the upper layer of pond water. The excreta from the cattle housed in stalls are diluted by water used for clearing them. The washed excreta flow into the pit. The average yearly BOD_5 concentration of influent is 398.7㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from primary, secondary and tertiary pond of the system is 49.18, 27.9, and 19.8㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 88, 93, and 95 % of BOD5 are removed in each pond. The mean yearly SS concentration of influent is 360.5㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from each pond is 53.4, 45.7, and 32.7㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 86, 88, and 91% of SS are removed in each pond. The BOD_5 concentration of secondary and tertiary pond can satisfy 30㎎/ℓ secondary treatment standard. The SS concentration of effluent from tertiary pond, however, is slightly greater than the standard, which results from activities of carps growing in the pond. The average yearly total nitrogen concentration of influent is 206.8㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 48.6, 30.8, and 21.0㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 74, 88, and 90% of total nitrogen are removed in each pond. The mean yearly total phosphorous concentration of influent is 20.7㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 5.3, 3.2, and 2.1㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 97, 98, and 99% of total phosphorous are removed in each pond. The high removal of nitrogen and phosphorous results from active growth of algae in the upper layer of pond water. Important pond design parameters for southern part of Korea -- areal loading of BOD5, liquid depth, hydraulic detention time, free board, and pond arrangement -- are taken up.