서울대학교치과병원 소아치과를 내원한 교정환자의 분포양상에 대한 연구

구용한,현홍근,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

과거에 비해 소아 및 청소년기에 교정치료를 시작하는 경우가 증가하고 있으며 따라서 소아치과에서 교정치료가 차지하는 비율 역시 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 변화에 맞추어 소아치과에 내원하는 교정환자의 분포 양상을 파악하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 2006년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 서울대학교 치과병원 소아치과를 내원한 환자 중 교정 진단 받은 792명을 대상으로 조사를 진행하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교정 진단을 받은 환자의 연령 분포는 8세가 22%로 가장 많았고 7세(19%), 9세(16%) 순서로 나타났다. 2. 골격 분포는 골격성 1급 부정교합이 52%로 가장 많았고 3급(29%), 2급(19%)순서로 나타났으며 연령이 낮은 경우 3급 부정교합 환자의 비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 총 792명의 환자 중 28%인 218명에서 전치부 반대교합을 보였으며 연령이 낮은 경우 그 비율이 높은 경향을 보였다. Distribution of orthodontic patients in pediatric dental clinics has increased recently. So it is worth to study about the present status of orthodontic patients in pediatric dental clinics. The purpose of this study was to recognize the characteristics and orthodontic patterns of orthodontic patients in pediatric dental clinics. The material consisted of distribution and orthodontic analysis records of 792 new patients in the department of pediatric dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, from 2006 to 2008. Results were as follows 1. In age distribution, 8-year-olds group comprised 22%, 7-year-olds 19%, 9-year-olds 16%, 10-year olds 15%, 11-year-olds 11%, and other age groups comprised 18%. 2. In skeletal patterns, skeletal class Ⅰ patients comprised 52%, class Ⅱ 29%, and class Ⅲ 19%. 3. In vertical facial types mesofacial comprised 41%, brachyfacial 35%, and dolichofacial 24%. 4. Out of 792 patients 218 patients(28%) showed anterior cross-bite, and the occurrence ratio of anterior cross-bite increased as the age decreased.

일본의 지방분권과 주민생활

이종구 서울대학교 국제지역원 2000 국제지역연구 Vol.9 No.4

지방분권 계획은 작은 정부의 실현을 지향하는 신자유주의에 입각한 행정개혁의 일환이다. 주민생활의 질적 개선을 이룩하기 위해서는 지자체가 정책 결정의 주체가 될 필요가 있다는 현실적 필요가 있었다. 행정서비스를 민영화하고 지역을 단위로 하는 사회적 연대의식을 강화하려는 정책이 모색되고 있다. 지방분권 추진위원회는 핵심인 권한이양과 세재원 문제에 본격적으로 개입하지 못하였고 권고에 나타난 사무 구분에서도 법정수학사무가 지나치게 많다는 지적을 받고 있다. 중앙정부에서 지자체로 넘어오는 업무가 늘어나고 있지만 예산은 증가되지 않아 지방의 재정난과 공무원의 동조건 악화라는 문제가 발생하고 있다 지자체의 재정 상황이 서로 다르므로 앞으로는 사회복지 서비스의 지역별 격차가 발생할 수 있다. 거품 경기의 후퇴와 규제완화로 지역의 이익공동체 내부에 균열이 발생하기 시작하고 있다. 하드웨어 중심의 사회자본 건설에 대한 투자 수요의 확대가 한계를 보이고 재정적자 문제가 심각해지면서 지역의 이익연합을 유지하는데 필요한 자원 조달에도 문제가 생기기 시작했다. 고령화 시대를 맞아 복지 서비스의 공급을 위주로 하는 공공사업이 요청되고 있다.노동시간의 단축과 함께 생활양식이 바뀌어 「지역」에 회사인간으로 지내던 남자가 돌아와 주민참가의 활성화가 촉진될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 마치즈쿠리 운동을 통해 주민 스스로 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 주민과 행정당국 사이의 동반자 관계를 형성하는 과정이 중시되어야 하며 행정정보의 공개가 충분하게 이루어질 필요가 있다. This study analyzes the impact of decentralization in the Japanese administrative structure. In the midst of globalization, Japan has adopted the policy of deregulation and opened the domestic market to foreign enterprises. Deregulation has precipitated the disintegration of urban old middle class supporting conservative politicians. Japanese big government with its centralized decision making process has been criticized as the root of corruption and ineffectiveness, which cannot deal with the task of providing new kinds of social overhead capital that might enhance quality of life. Reducing the size of the state, they transfer a large portion of functions and responsibilities from central government to local authorities. Japanese local governments are also obliged to reduce expenditures. Thus, privatization of the services provided by public authorities has been emphasized. In this context, Japanese policy makers try to encourage the participation of local residents in the management of affairs especially those concerned with quality of life. Non-profit organizations are also expected to share the burden of providing welfare services.Reduction of working hours and change of life style have made the Japanese new middle class, strongly integrated in the enterprises, spend more time and energy in their neighborhoods. They have begun to show interest and eagerness in participating in 'town-making club' (machizukuri club) activities.It can be said that the new policy mix constituted of privatization and volunteerism has been introduced in the Japanese local area to fill the gap caused by decentralization. We can understand this kind of change to show one of the features of structural reform based on neo-liberalism.

대전지역 소아 야뇨증에 관한 역학 조사

이재현,하용원,임재성,윤율로,설종구 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: Nocturnal enuresis is defined as at least one wet night per month in children older than five years of age. Despite being a common disorder in children, not many reports about prevalence of enuresis in Korea have been written. To establish the prevalence of childhood enuresis in Taejon, an epidemiologic study was performed. Materials and methods: We evaluated 1,030 preschool and elementary school children living in Taejon city. The ages were between 5 and 10 years-old and the mean age was 7.5 years-old. The percentage of boys was 52.4% and the girls' was 47.6%. The questionaires was completed by the parents. Results: The overall prevalence of enuresis in Taejon city was 7%. The prevalence of enuresis was higher in boys(54.2%) than in girls(45.8%). The prevalence of primary and secondary enuresis was 55.6% and 44.4%, respectively. The inability to wake up in order to void because of deep sleep was 29.2% and positive family history was 20.8%. On the aspect of enuretic frequency, one episode per month was most common. The cases combined with diurnal enuresis were 9.7%. Among the enuretic children, the most common traditional treatment was self-voiding by awakening during night and most favored treatment was herbal medicine. Conclusion: These data show that the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Taejon city is lower than in other countries. It's prevalence is related to the positive family history, guilt feeling, diurnal enuresis, and early sleeping. However, concerning the prevalence of enuresis, there is statistically significant difference only in family history.

수직적 안모형태와 치아성숙도의 상관관계에 대한 연구

구용한,현홍근,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 수직적 안모형태와 치아성숙도의 관계를 평가하고 이러한 연관성에 대한 사춘기 성장의 영향을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이번 연구를 위해 7세에서 9세, 13세에서 15세 환자 1306명을 Ricketts의 VERT index를 이용하여 수직적 안모 형태를 분류하였고 환자들의 치령을 Demirjian법으로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 군에서 치령이 역령과 비교 시 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 크게 측정되었다. 2. 사춘기 연령군에서 brachyfacial type의 경우가 dolichofacial type 보다 치아성숙도가 크게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 여성의 경우는 통계적으로 유의성있게 차이가 나타났으며, 남성의 경우는 통계적 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 3. Brachyfacial type의 경우 사춘기전 군들과 비교 시 사춘기 군들에서 치아성숙도가 유의성있게 높게 나타났으며, dolichofacial type의 경우는 연령층간 치아성숙도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between vertical facial pattern and dental maturation in children in pubertal and pre-pubertal periods. The material consisted of lateral head films and panoramic radiographs of 1306 patients. The subjects were selected according to Ricketts's VERT index and other including criteria. These subjects were divided by VERT index to brachyfacial group and dolichofacial group. In each selected subject, dental age was determined according to Demirjian's dental maturity score. All subjects were distributed according to age, vertical facial type and sex, mean and standard deviation of chronological age, dental age and age difference were determined in each group. And the data were analysed to find the difference of tooth maturation by facial pattern. Findings of this study include: 1. In all groups, dental age was determined higher than chronological age in statistically significant level. 2. Compared by vertical facial pattern, in pubertal age groups, it seems that subjects with brachyfacial type presented the tendency to have an advanced dental maturation, only in female group. 3. Compared by pubertal period, brachyfacial groups presented more advanced dental maturation in pubertal groups than pre-pubertal groups.

일본의 고령화와 노동문제

이종구 서울대학교 국제지역원 1995 국제지역연구 Vol.4 No.2

이 논문에서는 고령화가 일본의 노사관계에 미치는 영향을 기업, 정부, 지방자치체의 대책을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 기업의 수준에서는 연공적 질서가 능력주의적 질서로 대체되어가는 셩향이 확인되고 있었다. 그러나 종업원의 충성을 확보하기 위하여 사내 복리후생의 측면에서는 퇴직자에 대한 의료보험의 적용, 기업연금제도와 같이 전생애에 걸친 기업의 서비스가 강조되고 있었다. 1986년부터 시행된 '高年齡者雇用安定法'에 의해 정부와 지방자치체는 기업이 정년을 60세까지 연장하고 65세까지 '계속고용'을 실시할 수 있도록 유도하는 행정지도 및 유인제공에 중점을 두고 있었다. 공적 연금의 수급연령을 단계적으로 현행 60세에서 65세로 높이는 방향으로 1994년에 연금제도가 개혁되었다. 여기에는 취로기회의 제공을 고령자 대책의 중점으로 간주하는 정책적 구상이 있다. 따라서 재취직을 촉진하가 위한 직업안정서비스와 직업훈련에 대한 지원이 강조되고 있다 그러나 기업의 종업원에서 주민으로 돌아 온 고령자가 생활하는 지역사회 수준의 대책을 정비하기 위해 시민과 각계 유관단체가 협력적 관계를 형성할 필요가 있다. 총체적으로 말해 현재는 '생산성'에서 '생활의 질'로 사회적 우선 순위의 전환이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다. This paper has analyzed the impact of aging on the industrial relations in Japan. The focus of the analysis has been laid upon the responses and policy measures of the enterprises, central and local government. In the enterprises, the Japanese style seniority(nenko) system has been substituted by the merit system emphasizing ability and performance of the individual. But they have begun to extend the beneficiaries of the enterprise welfare system for the purpose of securing loyalty. Retired employees can be covered by the enterprise medical insurance service. They also try to introduce enterprise pension system. According to the emplyment security law for the aged persons enforced since 1986, central and local government have provided the guidances and incentives for the enterprises, so as to extend the retirement age unto 65, from the age limit of 60 at present. Linked with this, public pension system has been changed in 1994, so that the beginning age of receipt should be extended gradually unto 65, from that of 60 at that time. In short, Japanese policy makers emphasize the retraining and job security for the aged. The conditions and environments of community should be rearranged by the common efforts private and public sectors, so as to accommodate the age returned from the life world of enterprise. In sum, they are facing the turning point of substituting 'quality of life' for the 'pursuit of productivity', as a social goal of priority.

일본의 신용금고와 신용조합 : 규제 완화와 자구 노력

李鍾久 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1995 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.17 No.1

九州의「지역 생활조직」

이종구 서울대학교 국제지역원 1993 국제지역연구 Vol.2 No.3

九州(큐슈)의 도시에 있는 「지역생활조직」에 대한 조사를 통해 고도성장에 따른 급속한 사회이동 과정에서 해체되어 온 거주공간을 단위로하는 「공동성」의 복원이 사회적 과제로 등장하고 있는 모습이 관찰되었다. 소학교구를 단위로하여 조직된 지역발전을 위한 「협의회」가 수행하는 각종 주민조직의 통합 기능이 부각되고 있다. 이는 지연의 통합효과가 감소함에 따라 생활과정에서 새로운 공동서의 기반이 모색될 필요가 있기 때문이다. 「공동성」의 내용 가운데는 거주 지역 단위의 이익을 넘어서는 새로운 보편성이 포함되어 있는 모습에 주목할 필요가 있다.즉 「복지」와 「환경」이라는 키워드에는 지역사회를 포괄하고 있는 상위의 사회적 단위인자치체·국가의 생존과도 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 이러한 사회적 가치의 추구는 자치체 수준의 의사결정과 밀접하게 결부되어 있다. 내부적으로는 국제화 외부적으로는 지역경제통합이 부각되는 가운데 지방의 주체성이 강조되는 방향으로 사회의 재조직화가 진행되는 현상에 주목할 필요가 있다. This field research has been organized forthe purpose of providing first-hand information about the urban neighborhood associations of kyushu region in Japan. The role of neighborhood association as an agent of social integration has been remained effective despite of the rapid social mobility and the apathy of the young generation towardlocal community. At primary school district level, community leaders emphasized the need oforganizing welfare system based in mutual help and and voluntary garbage dispose system. In fact, these functional requirements cannot be met without the cooperation of the neighborhood association. The community center established at the primary school district level has provided the recurrent education programme and the place for the activities of the various organizations including neighborhood association. The local authorities have supported the community center expecting the effect of social integration based on the sense of community. In these efforts, we can see the trend toward the reorganization of social relations and the redefinition of the autonomous local identity. But this emphasis upon the of the local identity can be interpreted as the other side of the globalization, which has been the social consensus in Japan since the 1980s.

上部 尿路閉塞 矯正後 腎機能 評價 : 腎盂成形術時 Interrupted Suture와 Continuous Running Suture의 比較;第 1 報 Comparative Study between Interrupted and Continuous Running Suture in Pyeloplasty ; Phase I Study

薛鍾求,李康永 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

From January, 1986, to October, 1993, we analyzed 29 patients, who were operated for ureteropelvic junction obstruction, in age and sex distribution, causes of obstruction, treatment methods, and operation time, complications and postoperative renal function improvement according to suture method in pyeloplasty. Suture methods were interrupted suture(16 cases) and continuous running suture(12 cases). The results were as followings. 1. Patients were 10 cases in 1st decade, 5 cases in 4th decade, 4 cases in infant, 4 cases in 3rd decade, 3 cases in 2nd and above 5th decades respectively. Male to female ratio was 2.2 : 1. 2. Obstructive causes of ureteropelvic junction were extrinsic(16;10 fibrous bands, 6 abberant vessels), pure intrinsic obstruction(13), secondary due to VUR(2). Bilateral cases were 2 in pure intrinsic obstruction. 3. Operative methods in 31 cases(29 patients) were dismembered pyeloplasty(28 ; 16 with interrupted suture,12 with continuous running suture), vessel revision(2), and lysis of fibrous band(1). 4. The mean operating time in pyeloplasty was 173.5 minutes in interrupted suture and 115.4 minutes in continuous running suture. 5. Renal function was improved in 81.3% in interrupted suture, and in 91.7% in continuous running suture, without significant postoperative complication. So, continuous running suture in pyeloplasty would be less morbid and more expectant method than old fashion.

고환절제 후 백서의 복측 전립선에서의 병리학적 변화에 관한 연구

설종구,윤율로,이중화 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

The regulation of cell death and renewal is controlled by androgen in rat ventral prostate. So many studies on androgen block effects has been performed to understand the hormonal control in prostatic epithelial cell. Castration of rat results in activation of programmed cell death of ventral prostate. This response is related to activation of the calcium-magnesium dependent endonuclease. To observe the changes of regression of prostatic gland following androgen withdrawal, histologic examination was performed in rat ventral prostate after castration. The level of serum testosterone was rapidly decreased after castration from 5.9 ng/ml in normal rat to 1.6 ng/ml at 3hr castration. After 6hr postcastration its level was 0.01 ng/ml or below. The pathologic changes of ventral prostate was also observed after castration. Apoptosis in the ventral prostate appeared initially at 24hr postcastration but maximal apoptosis was noted at 6days. We confirmed the apoptotic bodies in light microscopic examination be electron microscopic observation.

中學校 科學科의 實驗實習 敎材의 開1發硏究Ⅰ

郭宗欽,朴炳彬,李元求,宋寅命,崔斗文 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1981 과학교육연구 Vol.13 No.1

The present condition of science education has been investigated b means of questionaires, interviews and referring to literature, and the points at issue gave been extracted on the basis of them, and in consideration of the problems various materials for experiment and practice have been developed to be used for the effective inquiry learning. The present condition and problems of science education in junior high schools are as follows; 1) Science teacher's backgrounds for their teaching profession and majors are good, but they are overburdened and the classes are overcrowded. 2) The textbooks now in use contain too much contents, the levels are high, and the books lack in appropriateness. 3) Especially the contents Presented for experimental activities require too many tasks to be digested in a given time. 4) Experimental facilities or instruments are unsatisfatory in their quantity or quality, and instruments or teaching materials that can be used effectively are far from being sufficient. Futhermore, some experimental instruments are too crude to work successfully. 5) Students' elementary knowledge is not sufficient, and the degrees of their interest or understanding are low. 6) With the teaching methods still conservative and the teachers unable to give satisfactory inquiry leaning. the students are disencouraged. 7) Support of experimental facilities, encouragement of teachers, appropriate school inspection, and administrative or financial aids are desired. In this study, materials for every branch of science have been developed to be available for the effective performance of experiments and practices through inquiry. The materials developed in this study are as follows. 1. The following materials are presented in physics: the relations between the heat quantity of water and the temperature change, and between the heat quantity of the electric heat line and the electric current, for group experiments; the observation of Brown motion, Law of Archimedes, altimeters, comparing the heat capacity of metals, the transmission of radiation, the frictional electricity, the interaction of electric current with magnetic needle, and Fleming's right-hand rule, as the reference materials of demonstration; a program learning materials for diffusion of light with experimental kit utilized in learning the properties of light; a program learning material on the diffraction of light with an experimental kit utilized in learning the diffraction and interference of light. 2. In chenistry, the experimental materials for electrolysis are presented as the teaching-learning material of group experiment. Besides, the errors in the experimental materials and inappropriate expressions in the textbooks now in use are corrected and completed: 3. In biology, problems have been extracted by means of questionaires about the general learning contents and the analisis of Japanese textbooks, and the materials for experiment have been developed. The observation of somatic cell division, that of mold, and that of prothallium are presented as the materials for group experiment. Inquiry learning based on experiment and practice should be settled on the scenes of learning, and the suggestions are made to the effect as follows. 1) The quantity of learning should be reduced, and the levels lowered in the new textbooks. 2) The development and distribution of individual learning materials for the master learning are desirable. 3) The items for group experiment should be reduced to the minimum, and the thorough inquiry learning should be pursued, and the greater part should be replaced by the demonstrative experiments or audio-visual materials. 4) The experimental instruments should be manufactured and distributed on the national scale to ensure their solidity and accuracy. 5) The atmosphere in which inquiry learning is performed by the teacher's creative efforts is greatly needed, To support this conditioning, exhibitions of scientific works should be held continually, science museums operated, the research centers of science education cooperated, new materials for practice developed and studied, and the corporations for research of science education fostered. 6) The measures to lighten the teachers' burden and to encourage them should be contrived.