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Region-wide synchrony and traveling waves of dengue across eight countries in Southeast Asia
van Panhuis, Willem G.,Choisy, Marc,Xiong, Xin,Chok, Nian Shong,Akarasewi, Pasakorn,Iamsirithaworn, Sopon,Lam, Sai K.,Chong, Chee K.,Lam, Fook C.,Phommasak, Bounlay,Vongphrachanh, Phengta,Bouaphanh, K National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.42
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Persons living in the tropics and subtropics are at risk for dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and large epidemics occur unexpectedly that can overburden healthcare systems. The spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue transmission are poorly understood, limiting disease control efforts. We compiled a large-scale dataset and analyzed continental-scale patterns of dengue in Southeast Asia. Our analysis shows that periods of elevated temperatures can drive the occurrence of synchronous dengue epidemics across the region. This multicountry collaborative study improved insight that may lead to improved prediction of dengue transmission patterns and more effective disease surveillance and control efforts.</P><P>Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus infection that causes epidemics of febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever across the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Annual epidemics are commonly observed, but there is substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity in intensity. A better understanding of this heterogeneity in dengue transmission could lead to improved epidemic prediction and disease control. Time series decomposition methods enable the isolation and study of temporal epidemic dynamics with a specific periodicity (e.g., annual cycles related to climatic drivers and multiannual cycles caused by dynamics in population immunity). We collected and analyzed up to 18 y of monthly dengue surveillance reports on a total of 3.5 million reported dengue cases from 273 provinces in eight countries in Southeast Asia, covering ∼10<SUP>7</SUP> km<SUP>2</SUP>. We detected strong patterns of synchronous dengue transmission across the entire region, most markedly during a period of high incidence in 1997–1998, which was followed by a period of extremely low incidence in 2001–2002. This synchrony in dengue incidence coincided with elevated temperatures throughout the region in 1997–1998 and the strongest El NiÉééÉééééño episode of the century. Multiannual dengue cycles (2–5 y) were highly coherent with the Oceanic NiÉééÉééééñño Index, and synchrony of these cycles increased with temperature. We also detected localized traveling waves of multiannual dengue epidemic cycles in Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines that were dependent on temperature. This study reveals forcing mechanisms that drive synchronization of dengue epidemics on a continental scale across Southeast Asia.</P>
Kim, Shang-Jin,Zhang, Haifei,Khaliulin, Igor,Choisy, Sté,phanie C.M.,Bond, Richard,Lin, Hua,El Haou, Said,Milnes, James T.,Hancox, Jules C.,Suleiman, M. Saadeh,James, Andrew F. Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2012 Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology Vol.5 No.6
<P>Cardiac ATP-sensitive K(+) channels have been suggested to contribute to the adaptive physiological response to metabolic challenge after β-adrenoceptor stimulation. However, an increased atrial K(+)-conductance might be expected to be proarrhythmic. We investigated the effect of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel blockade on the electrophysiological responses to β-adrenoceptor-induced metabolic challenge in intact atria.</P>
Choi, S.Y.,Nguyen, V.T.,Lee, J.c.,Kang, H.,Pandey, B.D. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.278 No.-
The present paper is focused on solvent extraction of hazardous Cd(II) from acidic chloride media by Cyanex 921, a new extractant mixed with 10% (v/v) TBP in xylene. The optimum conditions for extraction and stripping of Cd(II) were investigated with an aqueous feed of 0.1mol/L Cd(II) in 2.0mol/L HCl. McCabe-Thiele diagram was in good agreement with the simulation studies, showing the quantitative extraction (99.9%) of Cd(II) within two counter-current stages utilizing 0.30mol/L Cyanex 921 at O/A ratio of 3/2 in 10min. Stoichiometry of the complexes extracted was determined and confirmed by numerical treatment and graphical method, revealing the formation of HCdCl<SUB>3</SUB>.2L and HCdCl<SUB>3</SUB>.4L for Cyanex 921(L) concentration in the range 0.03-0.1mol/L and 0.1-1.0mol/L, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters for the extraction of cadmium were also determined. The stripping efficiency of cadmium from the loaded organic with 0.10mol/L HCl was 99.6% in a three-stage counter-current process at an O/A ratio of 2/3. Cyanex 921 was successfully applied for the separation of Cd(II) from Ni(II) in the simulated leach liquor of spent Ni-Cd batteries. The study demonstrates the applicability of the present hydrometallurgical approach for the treatment of hazardous waste, the spent Ni-Cd batteries.
τ polarization in SUSY cascade decays
Choi, S.Y.,Hagiwara, K.,Kim, Y.G.,Mawatari, K.,Zerwas, P.M. North-Holland Pub. Co 2007 Physics letters. Section B Vol.648 No.2-3
τ leptons emitted in cascade decays of supersymmetric particles are polarized. The polarization may be exploited to determine spin and mixing properties of the neutralinos and stau particles involved. The sensitivity of the method is illustrated in comparison with predictions for models of universal extra space dimensions. Details of the analysis including experimental effects such as transverse momentum cuts are presented for τ->π decays, which can readily be generalized to other decay modes.
Choi, S.Y.,Kim, Y.G. Elsevier 2006 Physics letters: B Vol.637 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The lightest neutralino is a compelling candidate to account for cold dark matter in the universe in supersymmetric theories with <I>R</I>-parity. In the CP-invariant theory, the neutralino relic density can be found in accord with recent WMAP data if neutralino annihilation in the early universe occurs via the <I>s</I>-channel <I>A</I> funnel. In contrast, in the CP-noninvariant theory two heavy neutral Higgs bosons can contribute to the Higgs funnel mechanism significantly due to a CP-violating <I>complex</I> mixing between two heavy states, in particular, when they are almost degenerate. With a simple analytic and numerical analysis, we demonstrate that the CP-violating Higgs mixing can modify the profile of the neutralino relic density <I>considerably</I> in the heavy Higgs funnel with the neutralino mass close to half of the heavy Higgs masses.</P>
Choi, S.Y.,Lee, J.,Yang, J.E. North-Holland Pub. Co 2010 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.240 No.10
The common practice for the estimation of the probability of a component failure to start on demand is to lump together standby failures and failures due to the stress induced by the demand itself. In this paper, a failure by demand stress as well as a standby failure is considered separately to estimate the probability of a failure on demand when a Surveillance Test Interval (STI) is modified. The proposed estimation method is based on α, the ratio of the probability of a failure by demand stress to that of a failure on demand. The estimate of α, however, should be changed when an STI is modified. An estimation method for α', the changed parameter corresponding to α under an STI modification is also suggested. With the proposed estimation method and the estimate of α' from a plant specific database, a risk impact analysis due to an STI modification for the Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) of UCN units 3 and 4 is performed. From the sensitivity analysis, the following conclusions can de derived: if it is assumed that all failures occur during the standby time, as it is the case in the common practice, the results can overestimate the risk impact. And it is required to construct a component reliability database containing detailed information on the failure types to recognize whether a component failure occurs during a standby time or a test.
Impaired Modulation of the Otolithic Function in Acute Unilateral Cerebellar Infarction
Choi, S. Y.,Lee, S. H.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, J. S. Springer 2014 CEREBELLUM -BRUXELLES- Vol.13 No.3
To define the cerebellar contribution in modulating the otolithic signals, we investigated the otolithic function in 27 patients with acute unilateral cerebellar infarctions in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, n = 17, 63 %), combined PICA and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) (n = 7, 30 %), SCA (n = 2, 7 %), and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 1, 4 %) from 2010 to 2012. The patients had evaluation of the ocular tilt reaction [head tilt, ocular torsion (OT), and skew deviation], tilt of the subjective visual vertical (SVV), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in response to air conducted tone bursts, and ocular VEMPs induced by tapping the head at AFz. The evaluation was completed within 2 weeks after symptom onset. Patients often showed OT or SVV tilt (15/27, 55.6 %) that was either ipsi- (n = 6) or contraversive (n = 9). Overall, there were no differences in the amplitudes and latencies of cervical and ocular VEMPs between the ipsi- and contralesional sides. However, individual analyses revealed frequent abnormalities of cervical (11/27, 41 %) and/or ocular (9/27, 33 %) VEMPs. While 11 (73 %) of the 15 patients with the OTR/SVV tilt showed abnormalities of cervical (n = 9) and/or ocular (n = 7) VEMP responses, only three (25 %) of the 12 patients without the OTR/SVV tilt had abnormal cervical (n = 2) and/or ocular (n = 2) VEMPs (73 % vs. 25 %, Fisher's exact test, p = 0.021). The concordance rate in the results of cervical and ocular VEMPs was marginally significant (19/27, 70 %, p = 0.052, binominal). Unilateral cerebellar lesions may generate otolithic imbalances, as evidenced by the OTR/SVV tilt and asymmetric ocular or cervical VEMP responses, but without directionality according to the lesion side. Patients with the OTR/SVV tilt had abnormal VEMPs more often than those without.