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Time-dependent Changes of Cadmium and Metallothionein after Short-term Exposure to Cadmium in Rats
Cho, Mi-Ran,Kang, Hwan-Goo,Jeong, Sang-Hee,Cho, Myung-Haing Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2
The time-dependent changes in cadmium (Cd) concentration were studied in Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats during and after Cd exposure via drinking water (10 and 50 ppm) for 30 days. The cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, kidney, blood plasma, and urine, and the metallothionein concentration in blood plasma were determined every 10 days during exposure and every 7 days after exposure for 3 weeks. The muscle Cd concentration did not change during, and neither after, exposure. The liver Cd concentration increased from 1.4 to 3.3 (at 10 ppm) and from 6.1 to 10.1 folds (at 50 ppm) during exposure and remained higher than those of controls in both groups even during post-exposure period. The kidney Cd concentrations were 2.3 to 5.1 (at 10 ppm) and 4.9-14.0 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls during exposure and also remained elevated during the post-exposure period. Plasma Cd concentrations were not significantly different from those of controls in both groups. Urine Cd concentrations were more than 2 folds (at 10 ppm) and 6.5 to 12.6 folds (at 50 ppm) higher than those of controls but rapidly decreased over the 7 days of withdrawal. Blood plasma metallothionein concentrations were more than 2.4 folds (at 10 ppm) and 3.1 to 7.4 folds (at 50 ppm), and they remained elevated till 7 days (10 ppm) and 14 days (at 50 ppm) after exposure. Our data support that Cd in urine could be a useful biomarker during Cd exposure period and metallothionein in blood plasma could be as a supportive biological marker for during and post Cd exposure.
Changes in the Residual Chlorine Content of Fresh-cut Lettuce during Storage
Cho, Sun-Duk,Chang, Min-Sun,Lee, Yu-Si,Ha, Ji-Hyoung,Kim, Gun-Hee,Bae, Dong-Ho,Kim, Yong-Soo,Chung, Myung-Sub,Kim, Yong-Mu,Lee, Dong-Ho,Park, Sun-Hee,Ha, Sang-Do The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.3
Efficacies of the amounts and methods for chlorinated water to use in disinfection of lettuce were investigated. Concentrations of total and free chlorine in lettuce samples were measured using a colorimetric reaction with diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). For measurement of the total amount of residual chlorine remaining on samples of lettuce during storage, 100 mg/L DPD samples were used. The residual chlorine content decreased an initial amount of 14 mg/L and further decreased by 42.9% after three minutes, by 92.9% after ten minutes, and diminished to 4 mg/L after seven hours of storage. Measurements made while applying 200 mg/L chlorinated water showed a similar trend. The change in the amount of free available chlorine in the washing water was determined based on storage period and frequency. While washing, the amount of free available chlorine decreased proportionally with time.
Differential Expression of Taste Receptors in Tongue Papillae of DBA Mouse
Ha-Jung Choi,Young-Kyung Cho,Ki-Myung Chung,Kyung-Nyun Kim 대한구강생물학회 2016 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.41 No.1
The tongue has 4 kinds of papillae, which are filiform, fungiform (FU), foliate (FO) and circumvallate papilla (CV). Tongue papillae except filiform papilla include taste buds. The papillae differ in taste sensitivities, likely due to differential expression of taste receptors. In this study, we evaluated differences in the expression levels of taste receptors in FU, FO and CV. Male DBA2 mice, 42-60 days old, were used in the study. Messenger RNAs were extracted from the murine epithelial tissues including FU, FO and CV. Cloned DNAs were synthesized by reverse transcription. Quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) were performed to determine mRNA expression levels of taste receptors. Results of qPCR revealed that the relative expression levels and patterns were different among FU, FO and CV. All three type 1 taste receptors were expressed FU, FO and CV at varying relative expression levels. All 35 kinds of type 2 taste receptors showed higher expression in FO and CV than in FU. Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 showed the two highest expression levels in all tested papillae. The differential expression levels and patterns of taste receptors among the three papillae could contribute to the different physiological sensitivities by tongue areas. Additional studies such as in situ hybridization or taste receptor cell activity recording is necessary to elucidate the functional relationship between expression levels of taste receptors and taste sensitivity.
Cho, Jungheum,Lee, Joon Woo,Lee, Eugene,Kang, Yusuhn,Cho, Ha Ra,Kim, Dong Yoon,Ho, Myoung Jin,Kang, Myung Joo,Choi, Yong Seok The Korean Pain Society 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.4
Background: To develop a rabbit epidural steroid injection (ESI) model for analyzing steroid retention in the tissue, and to assess the difference in steroid retention in the model according to the location and time elapsed after ESI. Methods: Fluoroscopy-guided ESI was performed using the interlaminar approach between the lowest two lumbar segments in 13 female New Zealand white rabbits. Four rabbits were allocated to each of three different groups according to the time of sacrifice: 3, 7, and 15 days post-ESI; the remaining rabbit was sacrificed immediately post-ESI to obtain baseline data. After sacrifice, two segments were harvested: the lowest two lumbar vertebrae and another two lumbar vertebrae immediately above these. The residual steroid amount (RSA) and residual steroid concentration (RSC) in the collected spinal columns were analyzed. A linear mixed model was used to compare RSAs and RSCs between the injected and adjacent segments, and among the number of days until sacrifice; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both RSA and RSC of the injected segment were significantly higher than those of the adjacent segment (P < 0.001, both). The RSA and RSC significantly decreased over time (P = 0.009 and P = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: The developed rabbit ESI model verified that significantly more steroid was retained at the injected segment than at the adjacent segment and the residual steroid decreased over time. This model could be useful not only for comparing current steroid medications, but also for developing new, better steroid formulations.
Cho, Hanna,Baek, Min Seok,Choi, Jae Yong,Lee, Seung Ha,Kim, Joong Seok,Ryu, Young Hoon,Lee, Myung Sik,Lyoo, Chul Hyoung Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - American Acad 2017 Neurology Vol.89 No.11
<B>Objective:</B><P>To investigate tau distribution in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) using <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 PET.</P><B>Methods:</B><P>Six consecutively recruited patients with CBS and 20 age-matched healthy controls underwent 2 PET scans with <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 (for tau) and <SUP>18</SUP>F-florbetaben (for β-amyloid). We compared standardized uptake value ratio maps of the <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 PET images between the patients with CBS and controls.</P><B>Results:</B><P>Compared to controls, patients with CBS exhibited asymmetrically increased <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus contralateral to the clinically more affected side and in the ipsilateral globus pallidus and dentate nucleus. Voxel-based comparison additionally showed asymmetrically increased <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the focal regions of the precentral gray and white matter and in the midbrain, predominantly in the contralateral side. <SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 binding in the precentral white matter correlated with motor severity.</P><B>Conclusions:</B><P><SUP>18</SUP>F-AV-1451 asymmetrically binds to motor-related subcortical gray and white matter structures in patients with CBS. This pattern corresponds to tau pathology distribution in postmortem studies, and motor deficit in patients with CBS may be associated with tau accumulation predominantly in the subcortical white matter underlying the motor cortex, leading to disruptions in motor-related networks.</P>
Graphene–Carbon–Metal Composite Film for a Flexible Heat Sink
Cho, Hyunjin,Rho, Hokyun,Kim, Jun Hee,Chae, Su-Hyeong,Pham, Thang Viet,Seo, Tae Hoon,Kim, Hak Yong,Ha, Jun-Seok,Kim, Hwan Chul,Lee, Sang Hyun,Kim, Myung Jong American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.46
<P>The heat generated from electronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), batteries, and highly integrated transistors is one of the major causes obstructing the improvement of their performance and reliability. Herein, we report a comprehensive method to dissipate the generated heat to a vast area by using the new type of graphene carbon metal composite film as a heat sink. The unique porous graphene-carbon-metal composite film that consists of an electrospun carbon nanofiber with arc-graphene (Arc-G) fillers and an electrochemically deposited copper (Cu) layer showed not only high electrical and thermal conductivity but also high mechanical stability. Accordingly, superior thermal management of LED devices to that of conventional Cu plates and excellent resistance stability during the repeated 10 000 bending cycles has been achieved. The heat dissipation of LEDs has been enhanced by the high heat conduction in the composite film, heat convection in the air flow, and thermal radiation at low temperature in the porous carbon structure. This result reveals that the graphene carbon metal composite film is one of the most promising materials for modern electronics.</P>