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( Chin-chung Shu ),( Meng-kun Tsai ),( Shu-wei Lin ),( Chih-yuan Lee ),( Jann-yuan Wang ),( Chong-jen Yu ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Background: The prevalence and incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with kidney transplant remains unclear. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled kidney transplant candidates (KTCs) and recipients (KTRs) from 2014 to 2018. We defined LTBI as a positive result of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT). We analyzed the predictors for LTBI acquisition and followed QFT test for 2 years among those initially without LTBI. Results: Of 425 patients enrolled, 305 (71.8%) patients belonged to the KTC group and 120 (28.2%) to the KTR group. The initial QFT showed positive results in 33 (10.8%) and 25 (20.8%) in the KTC and KTR groups, respectively (p=0.007). The QFT response value in LTBI patients was higher in the KTR group than in the KTC group (1.85 vs. 1.06 IU/ml, p=0.046). Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, absence of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin scar, and KTR group were independent factors for positive LTBI. For participants with initial negative QFT, positive QFT conversion within 2-year follow-up was higher after kidney transplantation (20%) than in KTCs (5.5%) (p=0.032). Conclusion: This study is the first cohort to follow up LTBI status in patients with kidney transplant and shows its higher prevalence and incidence in those belong to KTR. It indicates that surveillance of LTBI after renal transplantation is important.
( Chin-chung Shu ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Background: Increasing expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTMN-LD) has been reported, but its role in clinical characteristics and outcomes remains unclear. Methods: We enrolled 96 participants, including 46 with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-LD, 23 with M. abscessus (MAB)-LD, and 27 controls. We measured expressions of PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and regulatory T (Treg) cells on CD4+ lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and analyzed their association with clinical features and radiographic outcomes. Results: The percentage of PD-1 on CD4+(PD-1+CD4+) lymphocytes and MDSCs were higher in the MAC-LD group than the controls. There were no intergroup differences regarding CTLA-4+CD4+ lymphocytes. Higher PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes were found in M. intracellulare- and M. avium-LD than in other MAC-LD. Positive sputum acid-fast stains and fibrocavitary radiographic lesions were correlated with elevated PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes and Treg cells. The percentage of PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes at the initial and 2 months of follow-up significantly predicted subsequent radiographic progression. Conclusion: As markers of immune tolerance, PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes and MDSCs increased were higher in MAC-LD patients. The levels of PD-1+CD4+ and Treg cells were correlated with high mycobacteria bacilli burden in NTM-LD. Monitoring the expressions of PD-1+CD4+ lymphocytes may predict radiographic progression.
Order Imbalances in Options and Volatility Risk Premium on Equity Index
Chin-Ho Chen,Huimin Chung,Wen-Liang G. Hsieh,Shu-Fang Yuan 한국재무학회 2011 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.09
This study explores the impact of aggregate daily order imbalances in options on volatility risk premium on its underlying index. Two types of volatility risk premium, ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums, are included to address this issue. Based on Taiwan stock index and options (TXO) data over the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009, several interesting results emerge. First, order imbalances in near-month options, especially for call options’, have a predominant influence on ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums. Next, order imbalances of near-month options in either direction, excess buy orders or excess sell order, have distinct effect on volatility risk premium. Overall, the increased level of excess buy orders drives ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums upward, but downward only for excess sell orders in call options. Finally, ex-post and ex-ante volatility risk premiums are positively related to order imbalances of near-month options in respond to continuous price variations. Nonetheless, there is no significant relation for index price jumps.
Kao-Lang Liu,Yu-Feng Wang,Yeun-Chung Chang,Shu-Chien Huang,Shyh-Jye Chen,Yuk-Ming Tsang,Chin-Chen Chang 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.3
This pictorial review provides the principles of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and associated CT imaging features with emphasis on the hemodynamic changes and possible imaging pitfalls encountered. It is important that radiologists in ECMO centers apply well-designed imaging protocols and familiarize themselves with post-contrast CT imaging findings in patients on ECMO.
The assessment of host and bacterial proteins in sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis
Hsin-Chih Lai,Yu-Tze Horng,Pen-Fang Yeh,Jann-Yuan Wang,Chin-Chung Shu,Chia-Chen Lu,Jang-Jih Lu,Jen-Jyh Lee,Po-Chi Soo 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.11
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The protein composition of sputum may reflect the immune status of the lung. This study aimed to evaluate the protein profiles in spontaneous sputum samples from patients with active pulmonary TB. Sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary TB and healthy controls. Western blotting was used to analyze the amount of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-25, IL- 17, perforin-1, urease, albumin, transferrin, lactoferrin, adenosine deaminase (also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, or ADA), ADA-2, granzyme B, granulysin, and caspase- 1 in sputum. Results of detection of IL-10, IFN-γ, perforin- 1, urease, ADA2, and caspase-1, showed relatively high specificity in distinguishing patients with TB from healthy controls, although sensitivities varied from 13.3% to 66.1%. By defining a positive result as the detection of any two proteins in sputum samples, combined use of transferrin and urease as markers increased sensitivity to 73.2% and specificity to 71.1%. Furthermore, we observed that the concentration of transferrin was proportional to the number of acidfast bacilli detected in sputum specimens. Detection of sputum transferrin and urease was highly associated with pulmonary TB infection. In addition, a high concentration of transferrin detected in sputum might correlate with active TB infection. This data on sputum proteins in patients with TB may aid in the development of biomarkers to assess the severity of pulmonary TB.