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      • Incarceration of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon: a Case Series

        Chih-Hao Chiu 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.3

        Introduction and Background To present the clinical and imaging findings and results of treatment in patients with intra-articular long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) adhesion to the undersurface of the rotator cuff. Material and Method Patients with intra-articular LHBT adhesion to the undersurface of the rotator cuff found incidentally during arthroscopy were included with a minimal 2-year follow-up. Demographic data, images, and physical examinations were recorded. LHBT release, tenotomy, or tenodesis were performed according to the patient’s age and surgeon’s preference. Results Twelve patients were included in the study. All of them presented with chronic anterior shoulder pain and positive Speed and O’Brien tests. The average age was 46.8 17 years (range 20-79 years) and the pain sustained from 6 to 96 (average 25.5 28.6) months. Before the operation, 6 patients had a positive Jobe’s test, 1 had a positive lift-off test, and all had positive O’Brien and Speed tests and tenderness over the LHBT. Three release, 4 tenotomy, and 5 LHBT tenodesis were done in addition to other procedures if needed. All range of motion except external rotation, pain visual analog score, and functional outcome scores showed significant improvement at 6 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in range of motion and functional scores between 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. No difference was found in LHBT scores at 6 and 12 months after the operation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed thickened coracohumeral ligament overlying the LHBT. Conclusions Patients who had intra-articular LHBT adhesion to the undersurface of the rotator cuff and underwent release of the adhesion around LHBT, tenotomy, or tenodesis all had good clinical outcomes. The lesion was observed in 2.2% of all shoulder arthroscopies. Although difficult to diagnose before surgery, surgeons should be aware of this unusual condition in patients with chronic and insidious anterior shoulder pain.

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        Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis of Primary Rabbit Periosteal Cells under Non-uniform 2-Axial Tensile Strain

        Chih-Hao Chiu,Yun-Wen Tong,Jen-Fang Yu,Kin Fong Lei,Alvin Chao-Yu Chen 한국바이오칩학회 2020 BioChip Journal Vol.14 No.4

        Periosteal cells are the major cell sources of skeletal progenitors for fracture callus. In order to promote bone repair and cartilage formation, besides the application of exogenous growth factors, physical stimulation is an alternative approach to guide cell differentiation. Investigation of appropriate conditions is essential for forming bone and cartilage. In this work, a membrane-type micro-system was developed to provide cell culture environment and cell stretching stimulation during culture course. Circular and oval culture wells were designed to respectively generate uniform and non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain for stretching primary rabbit periosteal cells. Cell orientation and differentiation were studied after cycling stretching for 2 days. The cells aligned to the stretching axis with high tensile strain in the oval culture wells; while the cells expressed random orientation in the circular culture wells. Different responses were significantly shown when the cells were respectively stimulated by uniform and non-uniform 2-axial tensile strains. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation was shown when the cells were under either uniform or non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain. However, only non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain could induce mature osteoblasts. In addition, the result revealed chondrocytes could be differentiated only under a large and nearly single dimensional tensile strain. In summary, differentiation of the periosteal cells is highly influenced by 2-dimensional distribution of the tensile strain. This work provides some in-sights of the control of axial tensile strain for periosteal cell differentiation.

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